by Walter Jayawardhana

If moonƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢s Southern polar crater ice is confirmed it should lead to the discovery of life on the moon says a leading astrobiologist.

ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚ If Shackelton Crater on moon ice is confirmed certainly there should be a domain of subsurface liquid water and microbial life thriving in it said Professor Chandra Wickramasinghe of the Buckingham Center for Astro Biology.

ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚ ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-If the water ice discovery is confirmed, we must take on board the idea that there is liquid water at some depth, and then bacterial life is mostly to be present.ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚  After all everywhere on Earth, even in total darkness, life is known to be present,ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ he told this correspondent responding to a query.

CHANDRA WICKRAMASINGHE

Wickramasinghe is the prime proponent of the theory of panspermia that tells microbial life hitchhiking on comets and seeding planets and satellites in the universe.

He was following up the report that scientists claim to have found new evidence which suggests that the largest polar crater in the moon may be alluringly rich in ice.

ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-We have argued for many years that below the frozen crusts of comets liquid water domains must inevitably exist due to the heat from internal radioactivity that inevitably leaks to the exterior,ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ said Wickramasinghe.ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚ He further added, ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-A similar situation must apply to the newly discovered ice crust of the Shackleton Crater on the Moon.ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚  I would expect vast domains of water just hundreds of metres below the ice surface.ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚  It would be unbelievable if some types of bacteria have not established a niche in this sub-surface lunar ocean.ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚

The interiors of polar craters on the moon are in nearly perpetual darkness, making them cold traps that researchers have long suspected might be home to vast amounts of frozen water and thus key candidates for human exploration.

Moon Shackleton Crater on the Moon

He was following up the report that scientists claim to have found new evidence which suggests that the largest polar crater in the moon may be alluringly rich in ice.

ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚ ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-We have argued for many years that below the frozen crusts of comets liquid water domains must inevitably exist due to the heat from internal radioactivity that inevitably leaks to the exterior,ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ said Wickramasinghe.ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚ He further added, ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-A similar situation must apply to the newly discovered ice crust of the Shackleton Crater on the Moon.ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚  I would expect vast domains of water just hundreds of metres below the ice surface.ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚  It would be unbelievable if some types of acteria have not established a niche in this sub-surface lunar ocean.ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚

ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚ However, previous orbital and earth-based observations of lunar craters have yielded conflicting interpretations over whether ice is there.

Lunar South Pole

In the crater there should be large amounts of frozen water or as little as zero lead study scientist Mario Zuber warned. This uncertainty is due in part to what the researchers saw in the rest of the crater.

Unusually, while the craterƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢s floor was relatively bright, Zuber and her colleagues observed that its walls were even more reflective. Now scientists who have mapped Shackleton Crater, which is more than 19 km wide and 3km deep (as deep as earthƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢s oceans), with unprecedented detail have found evidence of ice inside the crater.

NASAƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter essentially lit up the craterƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢s interior with infrared laser light, measuring how reflective it was.

The craterƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢s floor is more reflective than that of other nearby craters, hinting it had ice, the scientists said..

ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-Water ice in amounts of up to 20 per cent is a viable possibility,ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ study lead author Maria Zuber, a geophysicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, told SPACE.com.
DonƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢t get your hopes up, though. She warned that there could be no ice at all.

The amount of ice in Shackleton Crater ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-can also be much lessƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚, researchers reported in the journal Nature.

Scientists had thought that the existence of highly reflective ice should be on the floor of the crater than anywhere else.

In comparison, the walls of Shackleton Crater occasionally see daylight, which should evaporate any frozen water that gets collected.

The researchers think the reflectance of the craterƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢s walls is due not to ice, but to quakes. The meteor collision or earthƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢s pull generated moon quakes may be sloughing off darker top layer of the walls making it more brighter.

If moonƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢s Southern polar crater ice is confirmed it should lead to the discovery of life on the moon says a leading astrobiologist.

If Shackelton Crater on moon ice is confirmed certainly there should be a domain of subsurface liquid water and microbial life thriving in it said Professor Chandra Wickramasinghe of the Buckingham Center for Astro Biology.

ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-If the water ice discovery is confirmed, we must take on board the idea that there is liquid water at some depth, and then bacterial life is mostly to be present.ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚  After all everywhere on Earth, even in total darkness, life is known to be present,ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ he told this correspondent responding to a query.