NORWEGIAN NGO NPA WHOSE VEHICLES
ARE USED BY LTTE,
IN THE PAST DELIVERED ARMS TO AN INSURGENCY IN SUDAN
By Walter Jayawardhana
Property belonging to Norwegian People’s Aid - One of Norway’s
biggest non-government organizations which was accused of secretly smuggling
in weapons for at least another insurgency in Sudan in the past - is
being used by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) for its military
activities , Sri Lanka’s Ministry of Defense charged.
The Defense Ministry said, “heavy earth moving vehicles, four trucks,
a tractor, several land cruiser jeeps and a number of motor cycles,”
belonging to the Norwegian People’s Aid are being used by the LTTE,
quoting unnamed sources, believed to be the Army’s intelligence
services.
“ According to these sources, the INGO had taken this fleet of
heavy vehicles to the areas under terrorist control stating they would
be used for Humanitarian Aid work in the area. The vehicles are now
being used by the terrorists(the LTTE), to build bunkers, trenches,
terror camps , and to transport terror leaders as well , the sources
added,” the Ministry of Defense further reported.
The vehicles and equipment had been taken near Kilinochchi , the LTTE
stronghold purportedly for the purpose of reconstruction activities
arising out of the Boxing Day Tsunami disaster in the area. The date
the humanitarian aid was used for terrorist and military activities
has not been independently ascertained.
Several political parties in Sri Lanka , in the past , have accused
the Norwegian government of using its aid outlets like Red Barna , to
aid the LTTE insurgency. The Norway government has been accused of training
covertly the Tamil Tiger frogmen in underwater warfare at secret locations
in Thailand in the past. This is in addition to the powerful broadcasting
and military communication station the Norwegians more overtly granted
the Tamil Tigers, through the clearance of the Ranil Wickramasinghe
government. The Norwegians working in the ceasefire monitoring mission
were openly engaged in pro-LTTE activities during the Mavil Aru crisis.
The website of the NGO which is currently controversial declares: “Norwegian
People’s Aid is a voluntary humanitarian organization, which has
deep roots in the labor movement struggle for political freedom, social
and economic freedom, equal rights and cultural growth. It is a value-based
organization, which stands up for the oppressed and poor. The premise
of NPA’s undertakings is based on five values: Unity, Solidarity,
Human dignity, Peace and Freedom.” According to other reports it
was established in 1939 and the Norwegian intelligence services are
suspected to be involved in the NGO to aid foreign insurgencies in the
past.
“The Norwegian People’s Aid , has been accused of smuggling
in with its humanitarian aid arms, ammunition and landmines for a Sudanese
insurgent group by air - a group accused of some of the worst human
rights violations like the LTTE despite the group’s de-mining activities
elsewhere.
“The European Sudanese Public Affairs Council charged the aid agency
of supplying arms and ammunition to the insurgent group Sudan People’s
Liberation Army (SPLA) : “Norwegian People's Aid had became involved
in Sudan in 1986, and almost immediately began providing support to
the SPLA, and its 'humanitarian' wing, the Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation
Association. There had always been speculation as to whether Norwegian
People's Aid was involved in the supply of war material to the southern
rebels, and this documentary confirmed that NPA had for several years
organised an air-bridge for the supply of weapons to battle zones within
Sudan under the supervision of its Nairobi office. One of the NPA pilots
involved in the gun running, Svein Kristiansen, stated, that his plane
had landed at SPLA bases with some 2.5 tonnes of weapons.
It was stated that between 80-100 tonnes of arms were carried to the
Nuba mountains and elsewhere in NPA-controlled airplanes supposedly
carrying humanitarian assistance.
Another Norwegian People's Aid pilot, interviewed by the documentary
makers, related how when he began working for NPA he believed that he
would be flying NPA humanitarian assistance into the Nuba mountains.
He then realised that NPA was also transporting weapons, including land-mines,
into Sudan:
The purpose was to fly aid, blankets, medicine, food, clothing etc.
from Lokichokio up to the Nuba mountains to the people there that didn't
have anything. That was the main purpose that we served there. That
was also my understanding of what we would be doing when I arrived in
Lokichokio. And to my surprise we ended up flying more than just aid.
We did some other trips where we took off from Lokichokio empty, and
we picked up crates, boxes, and so forth, of ammunition, weapons, and
other things, and flew it up to the Nuba mountains so that they could
fight the war they had going up there. They were mostly ammunitions,
and arms, also some anti-aircraft weapons. And I found out later that
there was also land-mines in quite a few of the boxes.
Pressed by the interviewer on how he could be sure the cargo contained
land-mines, the pilot stated that there would be papers stating what
was in the cargo and how much everything weighed. The crew would check
the manifest as well as the cargo to make sure it was the same weight
in order to know how heavy the plane would be when it left the ground.
The pilot also stated that out of curiosity he had opened up several
of the boxes and had "looked in them and saw what was there".
“The callousness shown by Norwegian People's Aid in cold-bloodedly
supplying land-mines to war zones in Sudan must be measured against
NPA's official position with regard to land-mines and their use, stating
that they are a "deadly legacy killing and maiming innocents everyday".
NPA is also ostensibly committed to advocacy work with regard to land-mines,
and, for example, is a member of the Coordinating Committee of the International
Campaign to ban Landmines.
“The above-mentioned Norwegian documentary also provided evidence
that Norwegian People's Aid's involvement in actively assisting and
facilitating the SPLA's military activities dated back to the 1980s.
In September 1989, for example, the Norwegian Red Cross offered the
International Committee of the Red Cross a large barge funded by the
Norwegian government. The barge, with a cargo capacity of up to 60 tons,
arrived in July 1990 and was soon in place on the Nile. It had been
intended to use this barge for the delivery of food aid by river. NPA
was allowed to take responsibility for the operation of the barge. The
documentary also showed that the SPLA had clearly used the river barge
for military purposes, including the transport of hundreds of SPLA soldiers
in order for them to engage in fighting elsewhere - all this with the
active assistance of NPA.
Norwegian People's Aid's activities in Sudan had led to the Norwegian
government commissioning COWI, an independent consultancy, to investigate
NPA's use of the considerable funds it had received from the Norwegian
government.
The report, entitled Evaluation of Norwegian Humanitarian Assistance
to the Sudan, documented that Norwegian and similar relief funds were
being used to support SPLA soldiers, and thus prolonging the conflict.
The report stated, for example, that by the early 1990s Norwegian People's
Aid: [B]egan to adopt more closely the aims of the SPLA and developed
from 1992 a growing field presence.
The report went on to state:
NPA's intervention is that of a solidarity group. It has taken a clear
side in the war. It supports the causes of SPLA/M and its humanitarian
wing SRRA. NPA's solidarity approach means that in practice the activities
of NPA are closely related to the political and military strategies
of the rebel movement.
“The report placed on record that Norwegian People's Aid's humanitarian
activities were said to "support the political and military struggle
of the SPLA/M". With regard to whether the NPA was directly supplying
the SPLA with food, the report stated that:
Many sources, including some within the NPA.confirm that food relief
has also been used to feed SPLA troops. A 1995 USAID audit, for example,
revealed that in early 1995 some 200 metric tonnes of sorghum, valued
at about US $100,000, and under NPA control, was diverted to feed SPLA
soldiers.
Documentation in this example relating to the diversion of aid had
been "fraudulently stamped" by SRRA officials. The report
spoke of "other cases showing insufficient control". The report
stated that:
[T]he food relief supplied by NPA has been extremely important to.the
SPLA which managed to sustain its position as a strong rebel movment.
The Danish media further reported that Norwegian People's Aid had allowed
the SPLA to sell emergency aid in order to purchase weapons of war.
Norwegian aid funds were also diverted to buy the SPLA food, houses
and cars, and to was pay for the schooling of the children of SPLA officers.
The report also made it clear that Norwegian People's Aid may have increased
the level of tension in parts of southern Sudan.
The support of NPA to the higher levels of the SPLA has reinforced
the tendency of SPLA to rely on its own external diplomacy to obtain
critical resources, such as food, rather than seeking the support of
the indigenous populations of the areas where it operates. There has
been a marked lack of interface between the SPLA's higher ranks and
the "traditional" chiefs and governance structures of the
tribes, particularly the Equatorian tribes.
“The report also examined the NPA's position with regard to working
towards a peaceful solution to the Sudanese civil war. It was stated
that the NPA did not see:
the reduction of violence in the Sudan as [its] main objective. It was
not considered appropriate for a "solidarity".organisation
like NPA.The cause of the SPLA, as expressed by John Garang and his
leadership group, is just according to the NPA. The prevention of conflict,
in this context, is entirely subordinated to the pursuit of partisan
advantages.
The report stated that:
The position of NPA in supplying resources to one party in the conflict
has been quite exceptional. The agency has repeatedly stepped beyond
the boundaries of what is generally considered humanitarian practice
in its support to the rebel movement.
Norwegian People's Aid has also served as propagandists for the SPLA.
The Norwegian government report stated that:
The publicity, which NPA has been able to supply in favour of the Movement,
has.been significant. NPA briefed journalists and guided them in the
field.
This was said to have been "decisive" on several occasions.
One clear example of NPA echoing SPLA propaganda was its July 1999 claim
that Sudanese government forces had used chemical weapons in southern
Sudan. On 17 October the United Nations revealed that tests conducted
by the laboratories of the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta on
medical samples taken by Operation Lifeline Sudan members in the areas
cited by Norwegian People's Aid "indicated no evidence of exposure
to chemicals". NPA staffers have also been involved in providing
what can only be described as similarly questionable briefings to visiting
United States legislators in 1998.
Norwegian People's Aid is supporting the SPLA, an organisation described
by the New York Times, no friend of the Sudanese government, as "brutal
and predatory" and "an occupying army, killing, raping and
pillaging". SPLA leader John Garang was described by the same newspaper
as a "pre-eminent war criminal". In December 1999, Human Rights
Watch stated that:
The SPLA has a history of gross abuses of human rights and has not made
any effort to establish accountability. Its abuses today remain serious.
Human Rights Watch has pointed to summary executions, arbitrary arrests
and food aid theft from civilians in famine areas by the SPLA. Established
and respected humanitarian organisations such as CARE, Save the Children,
World Vision, Church World Service and the American Refugee Committee
have jointly stated that the SPLA is guilty of "the most serious
human rights abuses". The BBC has reported growing friction in
SPLA-controlled areas of southern Sudan, specifically within Didinga
areas: "The Didinga have accused the SPLA of becoming an army of
occupation in the area."
These are the very areas in which Norwegian People's Aid is active.
It is obvious that NPA and the money which supports it, is helping to
artificially sustain the SPLA in these and other areas of "occupation".
Without the support of external forces such as Norwegian People's Aid,
the SPLA would have had to negotiate an end to a stalemated conflict.
It is clear that Norwegian People's Aid serves not merely as a propaganda
adjunct to the SPLA, but also as an organisation willingly involved
in the supply of weapons and war material to southern rebels. It nutures
a deeply unpleasant organisation, and helps perpetuate Sudan's civil
war.
The activities of NPA have done a great disservice to all genuine humanitarian
organisations active in Sudan. Their activities have highlighted the
need for aid agencies to operate within the United Nations-managed Operation
Lifeline Sudan. NPA's military aid to the SPLA has made the Sudanese
government all the more suspicious of those groups that do not.”
These accusations appeared in the website: http://www.espac.org/norwegian_pages/norwegian_aid.asp
The website also said : “A November 1999 Norwegian television
documentary, entitled 'Weapons Smuggling in Sudan', has highlighted
the role played by some aid agencies in logistically and politically
perpetuating the Sudanese civil war. The documentary clearly outlined
the actions of Norwegian People's Aid (NPA) in supplying the Sudan People's
Liberation Army (SPLA) with weapons in the course of the Sudanese civil
war in the 1990s.”
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