{"id":120228,"date":"2021-11-12T17:17:59","date_gmt":"2021-11-13T00:17:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/?p=120228"},"modified":"2021-11-12T17:17:59","modified_gmt":"2021-11-13T00:17:59","slug":"will-bangladesh-be-a-victim-of-chinese-debt-trap-oped","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/2021\/11\/12\/will-bangladesh-be-a-victim-of-chinese-debt-trap-oped\/","title":{"rendered":"Will Bangladesh Be A Victim Of Chinese Debt Trap? \u2013 OpEd"},"content":{"rendered":"

By\u00a0Hussain Shazzad*<\/a> Courtesy Eurasiareview<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n
\"Bangladesh<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina and China PM Li Keqiang in Beijing, China. Photo Credit: VOA video screenshot<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Bangladesh, the second highest recipient of China\u2019s investment in South Asia after Pakistan, imports the highest volume of goods from China making it Bangladesh\u2019s largest trading partner. This is the beginning of the story where China offers Bangladesh financial assistance and development experience for its \u2018big-ticket megaprojects\u2019 to fulfill its vision-2041<\/a>\u2013 a well-crafted dream to be a developed country. The overwhelming funding from China makes the critics pessimistic to ask a question, citing the example of Hambantota<\/a> in Sri Lanka, Is China trying to bait Bangladesh with its \u2018debt-trap\u2019 diplomacy?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Debt-Trap Diplomacy\u2019, a widely used narrative against China, is thought to be originated from \u2018infrastructure war\u2019<\/a> between China and Western Allies.  It\u2019s an apple of discord if China really has any \u2018Machiavellian Strategy\u2019 as Chinese projects in Bangladesh are too fragmented to achieve such cunning strategic objectives.  Once \u2018The Sleeping Giant\u2019 now the \u2018Second Economic Superpower\u2019, China follows \u2018socialist ideology\u2019 in political affairs but adopts \u2018open market policy\u2019 with the name \u2018market socialism\u2019<\/a>. The historical data demonstrates that China always has strong affiliation with South Asian countries because of the region\u2019s \u2018Big Bazar\u2019. The geo-political eminence & commercial noteworthiness of Bangladesh has made China pay special heed to catch this money-making market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To utilize the potential of becoming \u2018economic hub\u2019 of South Asia, Bangladesh needs external funding for its \u2018flagship development programs\u2019<\/a> financing of which goes beyond domestic affordability. This leads Bangladesh to look for external funding options with conducive conditions. Bangladesh\u2019s loss of substantial financial assistance from global lenders in the recent years e.g., World Bank\u2019s rejection to finance the Padma Bridge<\/a>, and the attractive nature of China\u2019s investment created a gateway for China to step into Bangladesh\u2019s economy. On the other hand, China, as a part of its external orientation, comes closer to Bangladesh by affiliating the country with different China-led regional platforms e.g., AIIB, BRI etc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sino-Bangladesh relations, started in 1976, were limited to trade deals until the first decade of the 21st century. The bilateral relations have experienced two different phases before and after the initiation of the BRI. The cozy relations turned into strategic partnership after 2010 when the countries signed a number of trade, transit and defense procurement agreements. Both countries are working to alleviate the huge trade-deficit by establishing the \u2018Free Trade Zones\u2019<\/a>. China is trying to prove itself as Bangladesh\u2019s \u2018time-tested friend\u2019 by entwining diplomatic, defense and economic ties. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Though China and Bangladesh have distinct political and social status quo but collaborativeefforts brought them closer. China\u2019s non-intervention principle<\/a> to the domestic affairs of its partners leads Dhaka to welcome more and more investment from Beijing. As an emerging economy, Bangladesh requires \u2018hefty investment\u2019<\/a> to tackle its socio-economic problems which is clinched by China.  On the other hand, Bangladesh is all-important in China\u2019s strategic calculus since it can connect the southeastern landlocked province of China. Besides, the cheap workforce of Bangladesh offers China an opportunity to relocate its \u2018sunset industries\u2019<\/a>. Yet, critics give a contentious look on this relationship by denouncing China\u2019s role in resolving Rohingya crisis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank and IMF, that a country will cross the danger mark<\/a> if its external debts exceed 40% of GDP ensures Bangladesh is in \u2018safe zone\u2019 as its total foreign loan is less than 15% of GDP. \u2018Flow of External Resources into Bangladesh\u2019<\/a>, a publication of the Ministry of Finance, reported total foreign loan outstanding of the country was $4409.51 crore depicting per capita loan is around $278 in 2019-20 fiscal year. This shows clearly how reality begs to differ from the misconception that Bangladesh is overburdened with external debts. Another misreading that Bangladesh is going to be a victim of \u2018China\u2019s debt trap\u2019 pointing finger to the growing Chinese investment also doesn\u2019t reflect the ground reality. Bangladesh\u2019s total external debt<\/a>, in the fiscal year 2019-20, consists of 38% from WB, 24.5% from ADB, 17% from JICA, 6.81% from China, 6.14% from Russia and 1.3% from India. This self-explanatory data shows that Bangladesh is travelling along the right trajectory in contrast to aforementioned misconceptions.<\/ins><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The strategic advantage of cross-border trade tilted Bangladesh exponentially towards China which leads critics say that too much reliance on China\u2019s money will make the country beholden to China. But Bangladesh\u2019s diplomatic maneuvers of the last few decades demonstrate that the country has been striking a fine balance among the donors. By pumping money to Bangladesh, China is actually trying to take the longstanding relations to a new height. Albeit, there is a narrative that Bangladesh is going to be a victim of \u2018payday loan diplomacy\u2019<\/a>, but the counter narrative explains how Chinese \u2018soft-loan\u2019 reduces the pressure of western donors for economic and political reforms. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bangladesh perceives Chinese investment as a welcome addition to existing sources along with creating a competitive environment. Before reaching to foregone conclusion by tagging China\u2019s debt trap<\/a>  with Bangladesh, it needs to be kept in mind that the funding options for Bangladesh are very limited. Besides, a loan becomes burden if it is not optimally utilized. To date, all the Chinese-funded projects in Bangladesh have been proved to be financially viable. There is no such instance where Bangladesh has accepted all the diktats, while signing financial agreement, blindfolded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The current stronger position of Bangladesh, in terms of external debt from China, will alter with the rise of Chinese investment, but long-run return will be more attractive if funds are effectively utilized. Bangladesh needs to negotiate carefully before inking any financial agreement, focus more on soft-loan and ensure timely implementation of projects. Along with taking funds for infrastructural boost, Bangladesh may also leverage the development experience of China to create win-win situation. Not to mention, the macro-economic management policy of Bangladesh is prudent enough to avoid China\u2019s \u2018Debt-Trap\u2019, even if there is any.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*Writer\u2019s Bio:<\/em><\/strong> Hussain Shazzad, a strategic affairs and foreign policy analyst, completed his M.B.A from the Department of International Business, University of Dhaka. He can be reached at <\/em>pksf.shazzad@gmail.com<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By\u00a0Hussain Shazzad* Courtesy Eurasiareview Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina and China PM Li Keqiang in Beijing, China. Photo Credit: VOA video screenshot Bangladesh, the second highest recipient of China\u2019s investment in South Asia after Pakistan, imports the highest volume of goods from China making it Bangladesh\u2019s largest trading partner. This is the beginning of the story […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-120228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120228","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120228"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120228\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120228"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120228"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}