{"id":76660,"date":"2018-04-21T15:03:29","date_gmt":"2018-04-21T22:03:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/?p=76660"},"modified":"2018-04-21T15:03:29","modified_gmt":"2018-04-21T22:03:29","slug":"1915-sinhalese-muslim-riots","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/2018\/04\/21\/1915-sinhalese-muslim-riots\/","title":{"rendered":"1915 Sinhalese-Muslim riots"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The\u00a0<b>1915 Sinhalese-Muslim riots<\/b>\u00a0(also known as the\u00a0<b>anti-Muslim riots of 1913<\/b><sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0or the\u00a0<b>1915 Buddhist Mohammedan riots<\/b>\u00a0or the\u00a0<b>1915 Ceylonese riots<\/b>) was a widespread and prolonged ethnic riot in the island of\u00a0<a title=\"British Ceylon\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Ceylon\">Ceylon<\/a>\u00a0between\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Sinhala people\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinhala_people\">Sinhalese<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Buddhists\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buddhists\">Buddhists<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a title=\"Sri Lankan Moors\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lankan_Moors\">Ceylon Moors<\/a>\u00a0and the brutal suppression of it by the British colonial authorities.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Ceylon_Police_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Ceylon_Police-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<table class=\"infobox vevent\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"summary\" colspan=\"2\">1915 Sinhalese-Muslim riots<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><a class=\"image view-border-box\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sri_Lanka_relief_location_map.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/71\/Sri_Lanka_relief_location_map.jpg\/300px-Sri_Lanka_relief_location_map.jpg\" alt=\"Sri Lanka relief location map.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"460\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"1838\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div>Ceylon<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Date<\/th>\n<td>28 May &#8211; 8 August 1915<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Location<\/th>\n<td><span class=\"location\"><a title=\"Western Province, Sri Lanka\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Province,_Sri_Lanka\">Western Province<\/a>and\u00a0<a title=\"Sabaragamuwa Province\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sabaragamuwa_Province\">Sabaragamuwa<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"British Ceylon\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Ceylon\">British Ceylon<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Caused by<\/th>\n<td>Attempt to prevent an attack on a Buddhist procession by Indian Moors<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Methods<\/th>\n<td>Widespread looting, assault, arson and murder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Lead figures<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Robert Chalmers\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Chalmers\">Robert Chalmers<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Arrests\/Injuries\/Deaths<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><b>Arrests:<\/b>\u00a0N\/A<br \/>\n<b>Injuries:<\/b>\u00a0N\/A<br \/>\n<b>Deaths:<\/b>\u00a0116 (63 killed by the police\/military)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The riots started in\u00a0<a title=\"Kandy\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kandy\">Kandy<\/a>\u00a0in the night of 28 May 1915 and spread to neighbouring villages on 30 May and to\u00a0<a title=\"Colombo\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colombo\">Colombo<\/a>\u00a0on 31 May and other towns there after. It was suppressed by 9 June with final incidents taking place on 11 May in\u00a0<a title=\"Chilaw\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chilaw\">Chilaw<\/a>. Taking place at a time\u00a0<a title=\"World War I\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\">World War I<\/a>\u00a0was raging in Europe, the British feared the riots as a possible native upraising,\u00a0<a title=\"Martial law\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martial_law\">martial law<\/a>\u00a0was first declared in the\u00a0<a title=\"Western Province, Sri Lanka\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Province,_Sri_Lanka\">Western<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Sabaragamuwa Province\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sabaragamuwa_Province\">Sabaragamuwa Provinces<\/a>\u00a0on 2 June, extended to other provinces in the following days, and terminated on 30 August, during which many summary executions and other atrocities where carried out by the colonial forces in attempts to subdue the riots.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Ceylon_Police_4-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Ceylon_Police-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"collapsible-heading open-block\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-controls=\"toc-collapsible-block-0\">Contents<\/h2>\n<div id=\"toc-collapsible-block-0\" class=\"collapsible-block open-block\" aria-pressed=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#Background\">Background<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#Events\">Events<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#Rioting\">Rioting<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#Martial_law\">Martial law<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#Prosecution\">Prosecution<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#Casualties_and_damage\">Casualties and damage<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#Aftermath\">Aftermath<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#Legacy\">Legacy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#See_also\">See also<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#References\">References<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-mf-arrow mw-ui-icon-element  mf-mw-ui-icon-rotate-flip indicator\" title=\"\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"in-block section-heading collapsible-heading open-block\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-controls=\"content-collapsible-block-0\"><span id=\"Background\" class=\"mw-headline\">Background<\/span><\/h2>\n<div id=\"content-collapsible-block-0\" class=\"mf-section-1 collapsible-block open-block\" aria-pressed=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\n<p>By the turn of the 20th century,\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Ceylon\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ceylon\">Ceylon<\/a>\u00a0was a British colony. Since its last native kingdom, the\u00a0<a title=\"Kingdom of Kandy\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Kandy\">Kingdom of Kandy<\/a>\u00a0was annexed to the British Empire, the island saw little conflict as in the past century only two anti British uprisings (the\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Uva Rebellion\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uva_Rebellion\">Uva Rebellion<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Matale Rebellion\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matale_Rebellion\">Matale Rebellion<\/a>) took place. Due to the relative peaceful nature of the colony, the last regular\u00a0<a title=\"British Army\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Army\">British Army<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Regiment\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regiment\">regiment<\/a>\u00a0was withdrawn from the island in 1881. Since then the\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Ceylon Police Force\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ceylon_Police_Force\">Ceylon Police Force<\/a>\u00a0maintained law and order in the island. British military presence in the island was limited to a regular\u00a0<a title=\"British Indian Army\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Indian_Army\">British Indian Army<\/a>\u00a0infantry regiment which would be circulated to Ceylon to supplement the garrison units that was made up of a company from the\u00a0<a title=\"Royal Garrison Artillery\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Garrison_Artillery\">Royal Garrison Artillery<\/a>, the\u00a0<a title=\"Royal Engineers\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Engineers\">Royal Engineers<\/a>\u00a0and other support units of the\u00a0<a title=\"British Army\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Army\">British Army<\/a>. In addition the\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Ceylon Volunteers\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ceylon_Volunteers\">Ceylon Volunteers<\/a>\u00a0functioned as a\u00a0<a title=\"Volunteer Reserves (United Kingdom)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Volunteer_Reserves_(United_Kingdom)\">volunteer reserve<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The native population of the island at this time was predominately\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Buddhist\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buddhist\">Buddhist<\/a>\u00a0mostly from the ethnic group Sinhalese. There existed a\u00a0<a title=\"Muslim\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muslim\">Muslim<\/a>minority known as the\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Sri Lankan Moor\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lankan_Moor\">Moors<\/a>. The Moor community consisted of two segments, the\u00a0<i>Ceylon Moors<\/i>\u00a0who originated from the Arab traders who settled in the Island about five or six centuries before and the\u00a0<i><a title=\"Indian Moors\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Moors\">Indian Moors<\/a><\/i>\u00a0who were at the time natives and residents of\u00a0<a title=\"South India\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_India\">South India<\/a>, who had come to Ceylon for trade. By 1915, the Ceylon Moors who had controlled trade in most parts of the island had been ousted by the Indian Moors. The 1911 Census indicates that Ceylon Moors numbered 232,927 and Indian Moors 33,527. Establishing them selfs rice importation, sale and distribution Indian Moors gained much wealth and established themselves across the country.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Memorandum_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Memorandum-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>In\u00a0<a title=\"Gampola\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gampola\">Gampola<\/a>, a dispute arose between the Indian Moors and the Buddhist Temple authorities of Wallahagoda Dewala. The Indian Moors objected to the Buddhist Perahera (religious pageant) procession traveling past their Mosque with music. The Buddhist authorities agreed to alter the time and day of the procession to avoid disruption to their worship, yet refused to conduct the procession without ceasing the music citing that it was a practice carried-out from time immemorial, safeguarded by the terms of the\u00a0<a title=\"Kandyan Convention\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kandyan_Convention\">Kandyan Convention<\/a>. The Trustees of the Mosque refused to allow the Perahara procession to pass with music when though an other and older Mosques along the same route belonging to Ceylon Moors never objected. Due to this the procession was not held. In 1913, the Temple authorities filed action in the District Court of Kandy against the Crown for a declaration of this right. The judgment was given in favor of the Temple, however on appeal the Supreme Court, it dismissed the action, on the grounds that local legislation had modified religious privileges guaranteed to the Kandyan Sinhalese by the British under the Kandyan Convention. An appeal to the\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Privy Council\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Privy_Council\">Privy Council<\/a>\u00a0was filed against the decision of the Supreme Court by the bench of Justices\u00a0<a title=\"Walter Shaw (judge)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walter_Shaw_(judge)\">Walter Shaw<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Thomas De Sampayo\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_De_Sampayo\">Thomas De Sampayo<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Memorandum_7-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Memorandum-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-mf-arrow mw-ui-icon-element  mf-mw-ui-icon-rotate-flip indicator\" title=\"\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"in-block section-heading collapsible-heading open-block\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-controls=\"content-collapsible-block-1\"><span id=\"Events\" class=\"mw-headline\">Events<\/span><\/h2>\n<div id=\"content-collapsible-block-1\" class=\"mf-section-2 collapsible-block open-block\" aria-pressed=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\n<h3 class=\"in-block\"><span id=\"Rioting\" class=\"mw-headline\">Rioting<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Supreme Court judgment encourage the Indian Moors to prevent Buddhist Perahera processions from passing their Mosque in Kandy. On the night of May 28, 1915, a Buddhist Perahera procession with music a police permit authorizing it was proceeding along Castle Hill Street, Kandy when it was opposed by Indian Moors who objected to the Perahera Procession passing their Mosque. At this point Police Inspector F. T. Coore, intervened and directed the procession to turn back. The procession turned back which was followed by hooting and derision of the Indian Moors which provoked the Sinhalese to return and a fight ensued about midnight. The crowd entered the Mosque and did some damage. Several Sinhalese and Moors were injured as well as the Police Inspector Coore and many arrested.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Memorandum_7-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Memorandum-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>On May 29 the first cases of violence was reported with Sinhalese attacking the Moorish bazaars. The first bloodshed of the riots was reported when an Indian Moors shot dead a Sinhalese boy in Colombo Street, Kandy and the murderer was not arrested. This aggravated the situation and rioting escalated. Shops in the bazaars were damaged, Sinhalese bazaars were attacked by Moors, Moorish buildings in Katugastota and Mahaiyawa were damaged. In Kandy the police took steps to control the rioting and police reinforcements where brought in from Colombo. Soon\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Robert Chalmers\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Chalmers\">Sir Robert Chalmers<\/a>, the\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"British Governor of Ceylon\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Governor_of_Ceylon\">British Governor of Ceylon<\/a>;\u00a0<a title=\"Herbert Dowbiggin\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herbert_Dowbiggin\">Herbert Dowbiggin<\/a>, the\u00a0<a title=\"Inspector General of Police (Sri Lanka)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inspector_General_of_Police_(Sri_Lanka)\">Inspector General of Police<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Brigadier General\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brigadier_General\">Brigadier General<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"H. H. L. Malcolm\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/H._H._L._Malcolm\">H. H. L. Malcolm<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"General Officer Commanding, Ceylon\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Officer_Commanding,_Ceylon\">Officer Commanding the Troops in Ceylon<\/a>; proceed to Kandy with a military contingent from the 28th Punjabis to take control of the situation.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Memorandum_7-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Memorandum-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-C_A_Gunawardena_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-C_A_Gunawardena-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Jstor_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Jstor-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>As the situation escalated due to the initial inaction of the police, and rioting spread to Colombo by the June 31, the Governor dispatched Brigadier Malcolm back to Colombo to take control of the situation. The\u00a0<a title=\"28th Punjabis\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/28th_Punjabis\">28th Punjabis<\/a>\u00a0of the\u00a0<a title=\"British Indian Army\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Indian_Army\">British Indian Army<\/a>\u00a0under the command of Lieutenant Colonel A G de V Chichester, was the only regular regiment stationed in Ceylon at the time and was called out in force along with European and Ceylonese sections of the Colombo Town Guard, and the Ceylon Volunteers to suppress the rioting.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Memorandum_7-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Memorandum-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>During the next nine days or so the clashes and assaults spread through the Central, North Western, Western, Southern and Sabaragamuwa Provinces; and at one point, on the 2nd June, were reported to be occurring simultaneously at 116 centres.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Pact.lk_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Pact.lk-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Large crowds were involved in the attacks on the Moors; mobs of over a thousand were reported at\u00a0<a title=\"Matale\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matale\">Matale<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Wattegama\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wattegama\">Wattegama<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Kadugannawa\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kadugannawa\">Kadugannawa<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Gampola\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gampola\">Gampola<\/a>, Rambukkana,\u00a0<a title=\"Panadura\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panadura\">Panadura<\/a>, Godapitiya and Akuressa. Areas where large populations of Moors saw fighting with Moors attacking Sinhalese and elsewhere Sinhalese mobs attacked Moors with\u00a0<a title=\"Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Tamils_of_Sri_Lanka\">Tamils<\/a>\u00a0joining in.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Jstor_9-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Jstor-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Pact.lk_11-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Pact.lk-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The police and military came down hard on the riots with many Sinhalese shot and arrested. As they cleared towns of riots, the riots spread to villages where the Punjabis who were also Muslims came down hard on the villages.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Memorandum_7-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Memorandum-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"in-block\"><span id=\"Martial_law\" class=\"mw-headline\">Martial law<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Fearing that the riots would turn out of control, Sir Robert Chalmers still in Kandy declared\u00a0<a title=\"Martial law\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martial_law\">martial law<\/a>\u00a0on June 2, 1915, in several provinces and down with a heavy hand on the Sinhalese community. There was a belief in higher echelons of the administration that the riots were per-planned and\u00a0<a title=\"Sedition\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sedition\">seditious<\/a>, some believed that there was a German link and the riots was the start of an upraising against British rule.\u00a0<a title=\"Auxiliaries\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Auxiliaries#British_Empire\">Auxiliaries units<\/a>\u00a0on the lines of the Colombo Town Guard was formed in the local towns with European volunteers recruited from planters and mercantile executives.\u00a0<a title=\"Special constable\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special_constable\">Special constables<\/a>\u00a0were appointed from among the European planters in remote areas. Officer Commanding the Troops, Brigadier Malcolm ordered the police and the military to shoot any one who they deemed a rioter without a trial. It was reported that Brigadier Malcolm had ordered his troops to &#8220;not to waste ammunition, but to shoot through the heart any Sinhalese that may be found on the streets,&#8221; and IGP Dowbiggin had given instructions to their armed constables to &#8220;shoot down, without a challenge , certain people whose identity was to be gathered from description, if they were found in the streets after hours&#8221;. Hundreds of Sinhalese peasants were shot down throughout the country. Persons who couldn&#8217;t answer a challenge due to language differences of the Europeans and Punjabis were shot. In villages males slept in the verandas of their huts, villages who slept as such were shot on the account that martial law dictated that all sleep indoors.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Memorandum_7-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Memorandum-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"in-block\"><span id=\"Prosecution\" class=\"mw-headline\">Prosecution<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Police and Punjabi soldiers set about searching villages for looted items, with the later in turn looting the villages and harassing women. Summary police courts were conducted on case of looting at police stations by passing legal procedure. Thousands were arrested in some cases whole villages, its men, women and boys, on charges of looting and being in possession of stolen property, and no bail allowed. These were immediately tried and in certain instances sentenced to lashing and\/or imprisonment.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Memorandum_7-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Memorandum-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>J. G. Eraser,\u00a0<a title=\"Government Agent (Sri Lanka)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_Agent_(Sri_Lanka)\">Government Agent<\/a>, Western Province, was appointed Commissioner by the Government to inquire into the riots. At the same time Special Commissioners (Military Commissioners) with extraordinary punitive powers were appointed by Brigadier Malcolm. These Special Commissioners were mostly Government Agents or Military Officers who had powers to threaten penalties to gain information about the riots. They gained valuation of damage and looted items by the Moors themselves and demanded compensation from the local Sinhalese, failure of payment to the\u00a0<i>Riot Fund<\/i>\u00a0resulted in arrest and subjected to court martials. Those who paid were pardoned. R. W. Byrde,\u00a0<a title=\"Mayor of Colombo\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mayor_of_Colombo\">Mayor of Colombo<\/a>\u00a0and Special Commissioner proposed a levy on Sinhalese in the wards of Colombo to pay in proportion to their wealth as compensation to the Moormen.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Memorandum_7-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Memorandum-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>In the early stages of the rioting prominent Sinhalese were arrested on accusations on inciting the riots while as others volunteered to disperse the crowds peacefully.\u00a0<a title=\"F. B. Walgampahe\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F._B._Walgampahe\">F. B. Walgampahe<\/a>, Basnayaka Nilame (the Lay Chief) of the Ancient Temple of Gadaladeniya,\u00a0<a title=\"Gampola\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gampola\">Gampola<\/a>was taken in to custody by Punjabi soldiers and was found dead on arrival in Kandy.<\/p>\n<p>The colonial authorities had the house of many prominent Sinhalese searched and many were arrested on charges of treason within days of the riots. These included\u00a0<a title=\"Fredrick Richard Senanayake\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fredrick_Richard_Senanayake\">F R Senanayake<\/a>,\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"D.S. Senanayake\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D.S._Senanayake\">D.S. Senanayake<\/a>\u00a0(later the first prime minister of Ceylon),\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"D B Jayatilaka\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D_B_Jayatilaka\">D B Jayatilaka<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"W. A. de Silva\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/W._A._de_Silva\">W A de Silva<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Felix Reginald Dias Bandaranaike I\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Felix_Reginald_Dias_Bandaranaike_I\">F R Dias Bandaranaike<\/a>, E T de Silva, Dr Casius Ferreira,\u00a0<a title=\"Charles Batuwantudawe\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Batuwantudawe\">C Batuvantudawe<\/a>, D P A Wijewardene, John de Silva, W H W Perera, Martinus Perera, John M Senivaratne,\u00a0<a title=\"Arthur V. Dias\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arthur_V._Dias\">Arthur V. Dias<\/a>, H Amarasurya, D E Weerasuriya, Reverent G D Lanerolle,\u00a0<a title=\"Edwin Wijeyeratne\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edwin_Wijeyeratne\">E A P Wijeyeratne<\/a>, Harry Mel, A H E Molamure,\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"A E Goonesinha\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A_E_Goonesinha\">A E Goonesinha<\/a>, Battaramulla Unanse\u00a0\u2014 a monk, Edmund and Dr\u00a0<a title=\"Charles Alwis Hewavitharana\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Alwis_Hewavitharana\">C A Hewavitharatne<\/a>, the brothers of\u00a0<a title=\"Anagarika Dharmapala\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anagarika_Dharmapala\">Anagarika Dharmapala<\/a>, who was also interned in Calcutta, where he had been during the unrest. After the arrests, riot compensation was exacted under threat of force. The colonial authorities suspected the\u00a0<a title=\"Temperance movement in Sri Lanka\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Temperance_movement_in_Sri_Lanka\">temperance movement<\/a>\u00a0led by educated middle class Ceylonese to be supporting the Germans in\u00a0<a title=\"World War I\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\">World War I<\/a>\u00a0that was raging at the time.<sup id=\"cite_ref-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-14\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-16\">[16]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Atimes_17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Atimes-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Court Martial\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Court_Martial\">Field general court martials<\/a>\u00a0were established and handed out summary judgments under martial law on arrested Sinhalese civilians and some military personal. Several where executed swiftly before appeals could be made, this included Captain\u00a0<a title=\"Henry Pedris\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Pedris\">Henry Pedris<\/a>\u00a0who was found guilty of treason and executed by firing squad. Others such as\u00a0<a title=\"Edmund Hewavitarne\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edmund_Hewavitarne\">Edmund Hewavitarne<\/a>\u00a0were imprisoned and died in prison. Many respected Sinhalese were removed from appointments of state such as\u00a0<a title=\"S. N. W. Hulugalle\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S._N._W._Hulugalle\">Hulugalle Adigar<\/a>\u00a0who was stripped of his title of Adigar on the account he was not present in his home area during the riots.<sup id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-19\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-mf-arrow mw-ui-icon-element  mf-mw-ui-icon-rotate-flip indicator\" title=\"\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"in-block section-heading collapsible-heading open-block\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-controls=\"content-collapsible-block-2\"><span id=\"Casualties_and_damage\" class=\"mw-headline\">Casualties and damage<\/span><\/h2>\n<div id=\"content-collapsible-block-2\" class=\"mf-section-3 collapsible-block open-block\" aria-pressed=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\n<p>According to some official estimates, which must be taken as approximate, there were 25 murdered, 189 wounded, 4 incidents of rape associated with the riots. 4075 houses and boutiques looted, 250 houses and boutiques burned down, 17 mosques burnt and 86 mosques otherwise damaged.<sup id=\"cite_ref-C_A_Gunawardena_8-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-C_A_Gunawardena-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Pact.lk_11-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Pact.lk-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Other official figures place total of 116 people were killed, 63 by military and Police forces.<sup id=\"cite_ref-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"in-block section-heading collapsible-heading open-block\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-controls=\"content-collapsible-block-3\"><span id=\"Aftermath\" class=\"mw-headline\">Aftermath<\/span><\/h2>\n<div id=\"content-collapsible-block-3\" class=\"mf-section-4 collapsible-block open-block\" aria-pressed=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\n<p>The heavy handed actions of colonial authorities to suppress the riots and the punishments handed down by it were heavily criticized by those such as Tamil politician\u00a0<a title=\"Ponnambalam Ramanathan\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ponnambalam_Ramanathan\">Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan<\/a>, who gained much national popularity as a result.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Sinhalese-Muslim_Riots_of_1915;_A_Synopsis_21-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Sinhalese-Muslim_Riots_of_1915;_A_Synopsis-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-23\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-23\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0A secret memorandum initiated and drafted by\u00a0<a title=\"James Peiris\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Peiris\">Sir James Peiris<\/a>\u00a0to the\u00a0<a title=\"Secretary of State for the Colonies\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies\">Secretary of State for the Colonies<\/a>, pleading for the repeal of martial law and describing atrocities claimed to have been committed by the authorities was carried in the soles of the shoes braving mine and submarine-infested seas (as well as the Police) by\u00a0<a title=\"E. W. Perera\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/E._W._Perera\">E. W. Perera<\/a>, a lawyer from\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Kotte\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kotte\">Kotte<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-James_24-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-James-24\">[24]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-25\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-25\">[25]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The colonial administration established a Police Inquiry Commission to inquire into the riots in late 1915 made up five members with Chief Justis\u00a0<a title=\"Alexander Wood Renton\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_Wood_Renton\">Sir Alexander Wood Renton<\/a>\u00a0as Chairman and it contained one Sinhalese member\u00a0<a title=\"Solomon Christoffel Obeyesekere\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solomon_Christoffel_Obeyesekere\">Sir Solomon Obeyesekere<\/a>. The findings were published in 1916.<\/p>\n<p>In September 1915, Brigadier Malcolm was transferred to the\u00a0<a title=\"Western Front (World War I)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Front_(World_War_I)\">western front<\/a>\u00a0as a\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Brigade Commander\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brigade_Commander\">Brigade Commander<\/a>\u00a0in the\u00a0<a title=\"British Expeditionary Force (World War I)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_I)\">British Expeditionary Force<\/a>where he served unit December 1915. The 28th Punjabis regiment was transferred to the\u00a0<a title=\"Middle Eastern theatre of World War I\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I\">Middle Eastern theatre<\/a>\u00a0by January 1916 where it was to take part in the\u00a0<a title=\"Mesopotamian campaign\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mesopotamian_campaign\">mesopotamian campaign<\/a>\u00a0suffering a total of 1423 casualties by the end of the war.<\/p>\n<p>Governor Chalmers was removed from the post in December 1915 and made Under-Secretary to the\u00a0<a title=\"Lord Lieutenant of Ireland\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Ireland\">Lord Lieutenant of Ireland<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Ivor Guest, 1st Viscount Wimborne\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivor_Guest,_1st_Viscount_Wimborne\">Lord Wimborne<\/a>. The British Home Government did not appoint a\u00a0<a title=\"Royal Commission\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Commission\">Royal Commission of Inquiry<\/a>\u00a0as requested for by the Ceylonese.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"John Anderson (colonial administrator)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Anderson_(colonial_administrator)\">Sir John Anderson<\/a>\u00a0who succeeded Chalmers as Governor appointed a Commission on October 26, 1916, to inquire into and report upon the circumstances connected with the shooting of L Romanis Perera, Telenis Appu, Podi Sinno, James Bass, Juvanis Fernando, W G Serahamy, Pugoda Peter, Uduwa Arachchi and Juwanis Appu. The Commissioners were Chief Justis\u00a0<a title=\"Alexander Wood Renton\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_Wood_Renton\">Sir Alexander Wood Renton<\/a>\u00a0and G. S. Schnieder. The Commission found that, &#8220;In each of the cases that have been under investigation the act of shooting cannot be justified on the ground of existence of Martial Law; in short, it had no legal justification.\u2019 But, they said, they were bona fide for the maintenance of good order and government and for the public safety of the Colony, and, that action was protected by the Ceylon Indemnity order in Council, 1915.&#8221;<sup id=\"cite_ref-Ceylon_Police_4-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Ceylon_Police-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-mf-arrow mw-ui-icon-element  mf-mw-ui-icon-rotate-flip indicator\" title=\"\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"in-block section-heading collapsible-heading open-block\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-controls=\"content-collapsible-block-4\"><span id=\"Legacy\" class=\"mw-headline\">Legacy<\/span><\/h2>\n<div id=\"content-collapsible-block-4\" class=\"mf-section-5 collapsible-block open-block\" aria-pressed=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\n<p>After 1915 a number of Sinhalese leaders gradually emerged from the educated middle class, who were to leave an indelible mark on the political life of the country. It marked the beginning of the\u00a0<a title=\"Sri Lankan independence movement\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lankan_independence_movement\">independence movement<\/a>\u00a0with the educated middle class demanding more legislative power that lead to the\u00a0<a title=\"Donoughmore Commission\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donoughmore_Commission\">Donoughmore Commission<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a title=\"Soulbury Commission\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soulbury_Commission\">Soulbury Commission<\/a>\u00a0which lead to Ceylon gaining independence in 1948.<\/p>\n<p>The events of 1915 would ultimately be what would be called the unfolding of explicit manifestation of ethnic tensions in the country which was to increase in number and intensity once the country attained independence.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Jstor_9-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Jstor-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0<a title=\"Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinhalese_Buddhist_nationalism\">Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism<\/a>\u00a0took hold, in the beginning led by reformers in the name of religion.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Atimes_17-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Atimes-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The event also led to a major distrust between the\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Tamil People\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tamil_People\">Tamil<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Sri Lankan Moor\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lankan_Moor\">Moor community<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-Sinhalese-Muslim_Riots_of_1915;_A_Synopsis_21-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Sinhalese-Muslim_Riots_of_1915;_A_Synopsis-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>who shared a common\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Native language\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Native_language\">native language<\/a>\u00a0and strong cultural traditions. Also Muslims would side up with the Sinhalese against the indigenous Tamils to protect their political turf and business interests in the later ethnic conflict that would take place between the two communities after the country&#8217;s independence.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Atimes_17-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_note-Atimes-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-mf-arrow mw-ui-icon-element  mf-mw-ui-icon-rotate-flip indicator\" title=\"\">\u00a0<span id=\"See_also\" class=\"mw-headline\">See also<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"content-collapsible-block-5\" class=\"mf-section-6 collapsible-block open-block\" aria-pressed=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"2014 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2014_anti-Muslim_riots_in_Sri_Lanka\">2014 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"2018 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2018_anti-Muslim_riots_in_Sri_Lanka\">2018 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Islam and other religions\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islam_and_other_religions\">Islam and other religions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Buddhism and violence\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buddhism_and_violence\">Buddhism and violence<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-mf-arrow mw-ui-icon-element  mf-mw-ui-icon-rotate-flip indicator\" title=\"\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"in-block section-heading collapsible-heading open-block\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-controls=\"content-collapsible-block-6\"><span id=\"References\" class=\"mw-headline\">References<\/span><\/h2>\n<div id=\"content-collapsible-block-6\" class=\"mf-section-7 collapsible-block open-block\" aria-pressed=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\n<div class=\"reflist columns references-column-width\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-1\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation book\"><a title=\"Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stanley_Jeyaraja_Tambiah\">Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja<\/a>\u00a0(1992).\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=J8LjxsG1_h8C\" rel=\"nofollow\"><i>Buddhism Betrayed?: Religion, Politics, and Violence in Sri Lanka<\/i><\/a>.\u00a0<a title=\"University of Chicago Press\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Chicago_Press\">University of Chicago Press<\/a>. p.\u00a07.\u00a0<a title=\"International Standard Book Number\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Special:BookSources\/0-226-78950-0\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-226-78950-0\">0-226-78950-0<\/a>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-2\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation book\">Gunasinghe, Newton (2004). &#8220;4: The Open Economy and Its Impact on Ethnic Relations in Sri Lanka&#8221;. In Winslow, Deborah; Woost, Michael D.\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=DLWHfMsLipAC\" rel=\"nofollow\"><i>Economy, Culture, and Civil War in Sri Lanka<\/i><\/a>.\u00a0<a title=\"Indiana University Press\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indiana_University_Press\">Indiana University Press<\/a>. p.\u00a099.\u00a0<a title=\"International Standard Book Number\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Special:BookSources\/0-253-34420-4\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-253-34420-4\">0-253-34420-4<\/a>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-3\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation book\">Pieris, Anoma (2012).\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=XQgsHhwxRksC\" rel=\"nofollow\"><i>Architecture and Nationalism in Sri Lanka: The Trouser Under the Cloth<\/i><\/a>.\u00a0<a title=\"Routledge\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Routledge\">Routledge<\/a>. p.\u00a0106.\u00a0<a title=\"International Standard Book Number\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-415-63002-3\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-415-63002-3\">978-0-415-63002-3<\/a>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Ceylon_Police-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Ceylon_Police_4-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Ceylon_Police_4-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Ceylon_Police_4-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.island.lk\/2002\/11\/06\/midwee07.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">Ceylon Police and Sinhala-Muslim Riots<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-5\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/archives.dailynews.lk\/2005\/02\/04\/fea05.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">The Independence Movement &#8211; its early phases<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-6\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ceylontoday.lk\/90-53833-news-detail-for-the-love-of-ones-country.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">For the love of one\u2019s country<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Memorandum-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Memorandum_7-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Memorandum_7-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Memorandum_7-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Memorandum_7-3\"><sup><i><b>d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Memorandum_7-4\"><sup><i><b>e<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Memorandum_7-5\"><sup><i><b>f<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Memorandum_7-6\"><sup><i><b>g<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Memorandum_7-7\"><sup><i><b>h<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Memorandum_7-8\"><sup><i><b>i<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/memorandumuponre00pererich\" rel=\"nofollow\">Memorandum upon recent disturbances in Ceylon<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-C_A_Gunawardena-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-C_A_Gunawardena_8-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-C_A_Gunawardena_8-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=hWLQSMPddikC&amp;pg=PA312&amp;lpg=PA312&amp;dq=1915+sri+lankan+riotss&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=1B2W0FMbd8&amp;sig=0xAwO3j7czf_z0Y11IjEPSw41ww&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=zSCqUdHUBonzrQeQv4HYCw&amp;ved=0CFYQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&amp;q=1915%20sri%20lankan%20riotss&amp;f=false\" rel=\"nofollow\">[1]<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Jstor-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Jstor_9-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Jstor_9-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Jstor_9-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/discover\/10.2307\/650762?uid=3738256&amp;uid=2129&amp;uid=2&amp;uid=70&amp;uid=4&amp;sid=21102274827441\" rel=\"nofollow\">Jstor.org<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-10\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/Digitised\/Article\/straitstimes19140805-1.2.39.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow\">SOCIAL AND PERSONAL<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Pact.lk-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Pact.lk_11-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Pact.lk_11-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Pact.lk_11-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http:\/\/pact.lk\/28-may-1915\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">[2]<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-12\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Kearney, R.N.: The 1915 riots in Ceylon \u2013 a symposium; Introduction. Journal of Asian Studies, Feb.1970, vol.29, no.2, pp.219-222.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-13\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Jayewardena, K.: Economic and Political Factors in the 1915 riots. Journal of Asian Studies, Feb.1970, vol.29, no.2, pp.223-233.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-14\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Blackton, C.S.: The action phase of the 1915 riots. Journal of Asian Studies, Feb.1970, vol.29, no.2, pp.235-254.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-15\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Rutnam, J.T.: The Rev.A.G.Fraser and the riots of 1915. Ceylon Journal of Historical and Social Studies, July\u2013December 1971, vol.1, no.2 (new series), pp.151-196.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-16\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Vythilingam, M.: The Life of Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan, vol.2 (1910-1930), 1977, chapters 10 (Riots-1915, pp.229-250), 11 (Riots-Speeches, pp.251-320) and 12 (Ramanathan\u2019s Mission to England \u2013 His Return, pp.321-330).<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Atimes-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Atimes_17-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Atimes_17-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Atimes_17-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http:\/\/atimes.com\/ind-pak\/CH25Df02.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">[3]<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-18\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/Digitised\/Article\/singfreepressb19150714-1.2.66.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow\">THE RECENT CEYLON DISTURBANCES.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-19\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.island.lk\/index.php?page_cat=article-details&amp;page=article-details&amp;code_title=29788\" rel=\"nofollow\">A vignette of British Justice in Colonial Ceylon<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"The Island (Sri Lanka)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Island_(Sri_Lanka)\">The Island (Sri Lanka)<\/a>\u00a0Retrieved 23 December 2014<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-20\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-20\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/archives.dailynews.lk\/2001\/pix\/PrintPage.asp?REF=\/2012\/09\/13\/sec06.asp\" rel=\"nofollow\">Army General Service Corps Association holds AGM<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Sinhalese-Muslim_Riots_of_1915;_A_Synopsis-21\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Sinhalese-Muslim_Riots_of_1915;_A_Synopsis_21-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-Sinhalese-Muslim_Riots_of_1915;_A_Synopsis_21-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sangam.org\/articles\/view2\/?uid=1060\" rel=\"nofollow\">[4]<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-22\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-22\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/newspapers\/Digitised\/Article\/straitstimes19301127-1.2.67.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow\">&#8220;GRAND OLD MAN&#8221; OF CEYLON.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-23\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-23\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=TOuSAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA33&amp;lpg=PA33&amp;dq=Ceylon+riots+1915+commission+of+enquiry&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=89afAEKmJH&amp;sig=PbpcKpnEXMnhE2Ch8dKPBtcUb-o&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=Wd6eVKveGIKbuQTQ_YGwDg&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Ceylon%20riots%201915%20commission%20of%20enquiry&amp;f=false\" rel=\"nofollow\">The Separatist Conflict in Sri Lanka: Terrorism, Ethnicity, Political Economy<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-James-24\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-James_24-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ourcivilisation.com\/cooray\/peiris\/public.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">Sir James Peiris (Public Life)<\/a>, by L.J.M. Cooray (Ourcivilisation Web), Retrieved on 28 November 2014<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-25\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915_Sinhalese-Muslim_riots#cite_ref-25\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rootsweb.com\/~lkawgw\/dss2.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">Features<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The\u00a01915 Sinhalese-Muslim riots\u00a0(also known as the\u00a0anti-Muslim riots of 1913[1][2][3]\u00a0or the\u00a01915 Buddhist Mohammedan riots\u00a0or the\u00a01915 Ceylonese riots) was a widespread and prolonged ethnic riot in the island of\u00a0Ceylon\u00a0between\u00a0Sinhalese\u00a0Buddhists\u00a0and the\u00a0Ceylon Moors\u00a0and the brutal suppression of it by the British colonial authorities.[4] 1915 Sinhalese-Muslim riots Ceylon Date 28 May &#8211; 8 August 1915 Location Western Provinceand\u00a0Sabaragamuwa,\u00a0British Ceylon Caused [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[120],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-76660","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76660","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76660"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76660\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76660"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=76660"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=76660"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}