{"id":85846,"date":"2019-02-24T18:19:39","date_gmt":"2019-02-25T01:19:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/?p=85846"},"modified":"2019-02-24T18:19:39","modified_gmt":"2019-02-25T01:19:39","slug":"why-peppercorns-are-being-smuggled-by-the-ton-from-vietnam-to-sri-lanka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/2019\/02\/24\/why-peppercorns-are-being-smuggled-by-the-ton-from-vietnam-to-sri-lanka\/","title":{"rendered":"Why peppercorns are being smuggled by the ton from Vietnam to Sri Lanka"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><em>By\u00a0<a class=\"\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/qz.com\/author\/nfrostqz\/\">Natasha Frost<\/a>\u00a0&amp;\u00a0<a class=\"\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/qz.com\/author\/dkopfqz\/\">Dan Kopf<\/a><span class=\"date b289f\"><time datetime=\"2019-02-23T10:00:51.000Z\">February 23, 2019\u00a0\u00a0Courtesy<strong>\u00a0Quartz<\/strong><\/time><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/h2>\n<header class=\"ad911 india _099b9 _0218f\">\n<figure class=\"_0f8d2 d538b india\">\n<div class=\"ae4b8 india d538b\">\n<div class=\"_83471 india _97ba0 visible\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cms.qz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/RTR1AEAD-e1550836970922.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=410&amp;h=231\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 64em) 1100px, (min-width: 48em) 950px, (min-width: 26.5625em) 690px, 410px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cms.qz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/RTR1AEAD-e1550836970922.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=410&amp;h=231 410w, https:\/\/cms.qz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/RTR1AEAD-e1550836970922.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=820&amp;h=462 820w, https:\/\/cms.qz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/RTR1AEAD-e1550836970922.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=690&amp;h=388 690w, https:\/\/cms.qz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/RTR1AEAD-e1550836970922.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=1380&amp;h=776 1380w, https:\/\/cms.qz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/RTR1AEAD-e1550836970922.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=950&amp;h=534 950w, https:\/\/cms.qz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/RTR1AEAD-e1550836970922.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=1900&amp;h=1068 1900w, https:\/\/cms.qz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/RTR1AEAD-e1550836970922.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=1100&amp;h=619 1100w, https:\/\/cms.qz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/RTR1AEAD-e1550836970922.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=2200&amp;h=1238 2200w\" alt=\"\" width=\"593\" height=\"333\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<div class=\"_159c3 _099b9 india f18a2\">\n<div class=\"_4d056 india none ba5c4\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_9677b india\">\n<div class=\"_5e088 india\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"f46e3\">\n<div class=\"_61c55 india\">\n<p class=\"a1dbe india\">The dried, wrinkly black fruit of the pepper plant was once so valuable that peppercorns were used as a kind of currency. These days, the spice remains sought after despite its relative expense, featuring in virtually every meal on dining tables the world over. Demand for peppercorns is high, and rising: as any aspiring chef will tell you, there\u2019s simply no substitute for its pungent taste.<\/p>\n<p class=\"a1dbe india\">The world\u2019s top exporter of peppercorns is Vietnam, where local farmers have shifted away from other formerly popular crops,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/ccbea864-a528-11e8-8ecf-a7ae1beff35b\">such as coffee<\/a>. The country\u2019s spice haul is sold around the world, but seldom in India, where government price-fixing sets local peppercorn prices way above the going rate in other markets.<\/p>\n<div class=\"b3916 _480bb c4750 _2a6f2\">\n<div id=\"inline-4\" class=\"article-content-ad\" data-google-query-id=\"CMDFmeza1eACFZGeGwodwQcHtw\">\n<div id=\"google_ads_iframe_\/56091333\/india\/article_1__container__\">Because of that, there\u2019s money to be made by selling Vietnamese peppercorns at Indian prices\u2014if you can find a way to bypass India\u2019s high tariffs and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/srilankamirror.com\/news\/12991-signs-of-losing-pepper-export-quota-to-india\">minimum import prices<\/a>. Some rogue traders are now doing just that: they\u00a0reportedly\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/articleshow\/65961650.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&amp;utm_medium=text&amp;utm_campaign=cppst\">ship the peppercorns to Sri Lanka<\/a>, re-label them, and sell them on in India for a much higher profit than if they had exported them directly to the large, pepper-loving nation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"atlas-embed atlas-chart\" role=\"text\" data-id=\"BJk7GG9BE\" data-width=\"640\" data-height=\"400\" aria-label=\"Embedded chart from TheAtlas.com\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theatlas.com\/embed\/BJk7GG9BE?style=dGhlbWU9djU=\" width=\"100%\" height=\"466\" frameborder=\"0\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p class=\"a1dbe india\">India was once one of the world\u2019s biggest pepper suppliers. But over time, demand has risen while production has not. The country now consumes almost all its locally grown pepper, leaving little for export. In India, peppercorns are mostly grown as a secondary cash crop in coffee plantations, says Greg Estep, who runs the spice business at agribusiness group Olam. For the planters, it is a very important source of income,\u201d he notes.<\/p>\n<p class=\"a1dbe india\">Those already low incomes are put under pressure if Indian consumers can easily get their hands on cheaper peppercorns from elsewhere, undercutting the Indian government\u2019s attempts to protect these farmers. The government has imposed import duties of 52% on pepper originating from ASEAN countries such as Vietnam and Cambodia, and 70% on peppercorns from countries such as Brazil and China, resulting in a retail price of around $7,000 per metric ton\u2014a multiple of the spice\u2019s price elsewhere.<\/p>\n<div class=\"b3916 _480bb c4750 _2a6f2\">\n<div id=\"inline-5\" class=\"article-content-ad\" data-google-query-id=\"CKe7lPDa1eACFdGeGwodi7YEeg\">\n<div id=\"google_ads_iframe_\/56091333\/india\/article_2__container__\">But there\u2019s a loophole for enterprising spice traders. Under the South Asian Free Trade Agreement, Sri Lankan peppercorns have a duty of just 8% in India. And shipments under 2,500 metric tons carry no duty whatsoever.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"a1dbe india\">Because Vietnamese peppercorns are among the cheapest in the world, there are big profits to be made, especially since even the most discerning of buyers can\u2019t always tell the difference between Vietnamese varieties and those from elsewhere. Pepper traders can therefore illegally re-export Vietnamese peppers from Sri Lanka for as much as three times the price they bought it for.<\/p>\n<p class=\"a1dbe india\">Speaking to the Times of India,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/articleshow\/65961650.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&amp;utm_medium=text&amp;utm_campaign=cppst\">an exporter explained<\/a>\u00a0that Sri Lanka\u2019s authorities were also issuing incorrect certificates of origin for these peppercorns, saying that they had been locally produced. The government of India is taking measures to restrict it by having strict Certificate of Origin requirements,\u201d Estep says, but still some volumes do slip through various loopholes.\u201d According to the International Trade Centre, Vietnam has not exported any peppercorn to Sri Lanka this decade.<\/p>\n<p class=\"a1dbe india\">Stabilizing Vietnam\u2019s peppercorn prices could be the best way to curb the sharper practices in the trade. At the moment, prices are incredibly volatile, and may fluctuate by as much as 40% in a year. There are many reasons for the turbulence, though a lot of it comes down to the supply chain, which is at the mercy of adverse weather conditions and the willingness of smallholder farmers to grow what Estep describes as a labor-intensive, delicate crop requiring lot of aftercare.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"b3916 _4705a c4750 _2a6f2\">\n<div id=\"inline-6\" class=\"article-content-ad\" data-google-query-id=\"COG46PDa1eACFVg4GwodvfILfA\">\n<div id=\"google_ads_iframe_\/56091333\/india\/article_3__container__\">Even if farmers decide to boost how much space they devote to peppercorns, the returns don\u2019t come for three to four years after planting, Estep says. Big upfront costs also mean that farmers who are struggling usually keep going until they recoup their investments, however long that takes. Once harvested, peppercorns are sold on from one aggregator to the next, then to a series of processors who convert the raw corns into a sterilized product able to be sold on to a retail packer.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"a1dbe india\">Given this long, multi-step process, attempts to stabilize these prices out of Vietnam, much less set a benchmark for them, have not been too successful. A derivatives exchange in Singapore created a global futures contract for pepper in 2012, but it\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/ice-smx\/ice-delists-singapores-smx-contracts-plans-relaunch-idUSL3N0LU2X620140225\">stopped trading 2014<\/a>\u00a0when the exchange was acquired and its new owner didn\u2019t have a taste for it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By\u00a0Natasha Frost\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Dan KopfFebruary 23, 2019\u00a0\u00a0Courtesy\u00a0Quartz The dried, wrinkly black fruit of the pepper plant was once so valuable that peppercorns were used as a kind of currency. These days, the spice remains sought after despite its relative expense, featuring in virtually every meal on dining tables the world over. Demand for peppercorns is high, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-85846","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-business"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85846","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=85846"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85846\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=85846"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=85846"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lankaweb.com\/news\/items\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=85846"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}