by A. Abdul Aziz, Press Secretary, Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama’at, Sri Lanka.

Muslims should rejoice the era of Islam’s revival’: Ahmadiyya Supreme Head (Khalifa) delivers concluding address at Qadian Convention (Jalsa Salana) 2023

The three day 128^th Annual Convention (Jalsa Salana) of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in Qadian, India, concluded with a faith inspiring address by the World Head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, the Fifth Khalifa (Caliph), His Holiness, Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad, on 31 December 2023.

His Holiness addressed the final session via satellite link from the Masroor Hall, Islamabad, Tilford, UK. Over 15,000 people attended the Convention in Qadian from 42 countries including Sri Lanka, while more than 5,000 gathered in Islamabad, Tilford for the concluding session.

Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad said:

Today, the annual convention of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in Qadian, India, is drawing to a close, and simultaneously, annual conventions are being held or are about to be held in various other countries. At this very moment, the closing sessions of annual conventions in different countries, such as Senegal, Togo, Guinea-Conakry, and Guinea-Bissau, are taking place, and their live transmissions are ongoing. There is a two-way transmission; we can see them and they can see us. All this fulfils the promise made by Allah to the Promised Messiah, Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, peace be upon him, that:

‘I shall make you famous with honour to the ends of the earth and shall exalt your name and shall put your love in the hearts of the people. We have made you Masih Ibn-e-Maryam [Messiah, son of Mary]. Tell them: I have come in the footsteps of Jesus.’ [Tadhkirah (English), p. 242]

Thus, the arrangement of these conventions in countries around the world, the calling of the name of the Promised Messiah, Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (peace be on him), with respect and honour, and the slogan of his name, all are manifestations of this divine promise, affirming that he is the Promised Messiah and the Awaited Mahdi, as per the promise of Allah and the prophecies of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

Today, this small settlement of Qadian, which was just an ordinary village or town over a hundred years ago, has transformed into a beautiful city. Indeed, it has gained worldwide renown, and this fame is due to the name of the Promised Messiah (peace be on him) and the promise made to him by Allah.

A man residing in a small place, difficult to access and devoid of resources, claimed that Allah the Almighty had promised him, ‘I shall make you famous with honour.’

And then this promise is being magnificently fulfilled, because Allah the Almighty is fulfilling the prophecy made to the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) about the arrival of his most ardent devotee in the fourteenth century to initiate a new era of the revival of the religion [of Islam].

Thus, Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, peace be upon him, is the Promised Messiah and Mahdi who has come for the revival of faith and the completion of the propagation of Islam, in accordance with the promises of Allah the Almighty.

Therefore, Muslims should rejoice that the era of the second advent of Islam has arrived, a time to overcome weaknesses and to spread and preach Islam. However, the selfish interests of so-called scholars are inciting them to mislead the general Muslim populace from the right path. But a time will come when they will have to acknowledge the truth. This too is a promise of Allah the Almighty to the Promised Messiah (peace be on him), that ultimately, these people will believe.

Then Ahmadiyya Khalifa spoke about the mission of Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (the Promised Messiah, peace be on him) in relation to the divine support he received.

Ahmadiyya Khalifa also mentioned that countless signs are still being fulfilled and that many people are being guided to Ahmadiyyat. The Ahmadis are being spiritually uplifted by the fulfilment of these signs.

Ahmadiyya Supreme Head then gave examples of a few incidents that showed God’s blessings and succour to Ahmadi Muslims. His Holiness expressed that only the pure of heart can understand such signs and benefit from them.

Ahmadiyya Khalifa said:

Today, all of you who are participating in the Convention  (Jalsa) in Qadian, and all those who are attending the Convention in their respective countries, are affirming that Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, peace be upon him, is indeed the Promised Messiah and Mahdi, who came in accordance with the prophecy of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him. With him has always been, and will always be, the support of Allah the Almighty, insha-Allah. Every Ahmadi should also pledge to tirelessly strive to fulfil the purpose of the mission of Promised Messiah, peace be upon him. Continually assess your external and internal states and strive to improve them.”

The session concluded with silent prayers followed by various poems recited by groups in Qadian (India) via satellite link.

Dr Sarath Obeysekera

The famous supermarket on the way home ගෙදර යන ගමන්”
Place Pelawatte Battaramulle mulls 
Time. 31 December 2023 at 12.15 pm 

Walked into The-supermarket to buy a pack of Iced Coffee to treat our  guests

Price marked by either the manufacturer or the supermarket was 500 Rs against 240 last year 

Picked a few packs and the cashier scanned them and wanted to charge 650 each 

We lost out Cool” despite we were buying iced coffee to cool ourselves under VAT pressure (A very Agonizing Time  )

Confronted the manager as the cashier was trying to justify the overcharge by stating that customers are warned by displaying notice boards everywhere to indicate that the price marked can change at any time!

Flabbergasted and  called the manager She was very firm and said that she could not sell at the rate marked on the product 

Little high pitched confrontation with her and we also threatened her that we would inform  ( Con)Sumer affairs and she gave in and surrendered 

We were allowed to pay the marked price 

This is the eve of the new year in a day and supermarkets are trying to train themselves like the last Relay runner before picking up the Batton called VAT ! During the last lap

On the 1st   the price may be 650 plus 18%! Hence we bought three 

The cow who donated milk may be thinking that from 1st January 2024, her grass will also cost + VAT 

Harry may have brewed extra gallons of liquor getting ready to Jack the price of Jack Daniel – local brand Gal Arrakku  to sell at a higher price 

Kaarige Channel Eka | Dharmasri Kariyawasam

නැවතත් බලයට එන්න දගලන්නේ මේ කාලකන්නි සෙවනැලිද? බුද්ධිමත් ජනතාවනි මේ පැහැදිලි සත්‍යය කතාවලට හොදින් සවන් දෙන්න

( වෛද්‍ය රුවන් එම් ජයතුංග විසින් ලියන ලද The Concept of Dukkha” in Buddhist Philosophy ලිපියේ සිංහල පරිවර්තනය. පරිවර්තනය හර්ෂිනී ජයසුන්දර  )

දුක්ඛ” යන බෞද්ධ සංකල්පය මගින් පැවැත්මේ (existence)  සැබෑ ස්වභාවය විස්තර කරයි. එහි ගැඹුරු දාර්ශනික අර්ථයක් ඇත. “දුක්ඛ” යන වචනය බොහො විට වරදවා වටහාගෙන ඇතිවා මෙන්ම වරදවා භාවිත කරද ඇත. “දුක්ඛ” යන වචනයේ අර්ථ්‍ය හුදෙක් “දුක්වීම ” හෝ “දුක් විදීම” නොවේ. දුක්විදීම යන්නෙහි අර්ථය කායික, මානසික, සාමාජයීය, ආධ්‍යාත්මික සහ මනෝ ව්‍යාධිමය විඳවීමයි. එය කායික, චිත්තවේගීය, සහ මානසික වේදනා ඇතුලත් අත්දකීමක් විය හැක. මෙවැනි ආකාර විදවීම් චිකිත්සක හෝ සමාජ – ආර්ථික මැදිහත් වීම හරහා අවම කරගත හැක. එහෙත් දුක්ඛ” යන බෞද්ධ සංකල්පය එසේ චිකිත්සක මැදිහත් වීමෙන් හෝ සමාජ ආර්ථික ක්‍රම වේදයන් මගින් ඉවත් කර ගත නොහැක.

බුදු දහමේ එන “දුක්ඛ” යන වචනය කායික  ආත්මීය දුක්වේදනා අභිබවා යන සවිඥ්ඥානික අත්දැකීමකි. එය වචන වලට සෘජුව පෙරලිය නොහැකි සංකල්පයකි.  එය දුසාධ්‍ය  විඳවීමක් නොවේ. දුක්ඛ යනු විඳවීම් , බලාපොරොත්තු සුන්වීම්, වේදනා, අවාසනාවන්තකම් හෝ අධෛර්‍ය නොවේ. එනම් සම්පූර්ණ අශුභවාදයද නොවේ. එය බහුමාන සංකල්පයක් වන අතර භාෂාමය අර්ථයක් දිය නොහැකි සංකීර්ණ සංකල්පයකි.

දුක්ඛ යනු  මනුශ්‍ය ශරීරයේ මනුශ්‍ය පැවැත්මේ , ලෝකයේ   යථා ස්වරූපය මත පදනම් වූ විඥ්ඥානමය සහ විශ්වීය අත්දැකීමකි. එනම් “දුක්ඛ” යනු සැබෑ මනුශ්‍ය තත්වය පෙන්වා දෙන විශ්වීය සංකල්පයකි. බොහෝ බෞද්ධ භික්‍ෂූන් ද මෙම  දුක්ඛ යන සංකල්පය වරදවා වටහා ගෙන ජීවිතය දුක් වේදනා කම් කටොළු පිරි අවාසනාවන්ත තත්වයක් ලෙසට  හුවා දක්වමින්  දේශනා පවත්වති. එම නිසා බොහෝ බෞද්ධයන් ජීවිතය අශුභවාදයක් ලෙස දකිති. ඔවුන් වර්තමාන  ජීවිතය  පිලිබඳ මන්දෝත්සාහී වී මරණින් පසු ලෝකයක් පිලිබඳව උනන්දු වෙති. 

බොහෝ බටහිර උගතුන් පවා  දුක්ඛ  යන බෞද්ධ සංකල්පය අර්ථකතනය කලේ පොදුවේ දුක් විදීම / විඳවීම යන අර්ථයෙනි.  මෙයට හේතු වූයේ ප්‍රංශ දාර්ශනිකයෙකු වූ ඇනටෝල් ෆ්‍රාන්ස් විසින් එය වැරදි ලෙස පරිවර්ථනය කිරීමයි. ඔහු මේ “දුක්ඛ” යන්න souffrance ලෙස ප්‍රංශ භාශාවට පරිවර්ථනය කල අතර පසුව එය suffering  ලෙස ඉංග්‍රීසියට පරිවර්තනය කෙරිනි. එතැන් පටන් බටහිර විද්වතුන් “දුක්ඛ” යනු අශුභවාදයෙන් සහ බලාපොරොත්තු සුන්වීමෙන් පිරුනු මිනිස් පැවැත්මේ අඳුරු පාර්ශවය සංකේත්වත් වන බව  සිතූහ.

මිනිස් ජීවිතය දරාගත නොහැකි දුක් පීඩා වලින් පිරී තිබේද? මම සෝවියට් සංගමයේ ගුලාග් සිරකරුවන් , හෝලකෝස්ට් වින්දිතයන් වූ යුදෙව් ජාතිකයන්  සහ යුද සිරකරුවන්  (POW) මෙන්ම දරාගත නොහැකි වදහිංසා වලට මුහුණ දුන් පුද්ගලයන් සමග කතා කර ඇත්තෙමි. ඔවුන් ගේ ශාරීරික මානසික දුක් වේදනා සැබෑවන් වූවද   බොහෝ දෙනෙක් එකඟ වූ කරුණක් වන්නේ මෙසේ දුක් වේදනා හෝ වහල් භාවය තිබියදීත් ඔවුන්ගේ ජීවිතයේ ප්‍රීතිමත් වූද තෘප්තිමත් වූද අවස්ථා තිබූ බවයි. ඔවුන්ගේ දුක් වේදනා , විදවීම් නොතකා ඔවුන්ට තම ජීවිත වල අභ්‍යන්තරයේ තෘප්තිමත් අවස්ථා (self-content) තිබුණි. මෙය පරිනාමය හරහා මිනිසුන් විසින් ඇති කරගත් සහජ පැවැත්මේ යාන්ත්‍රණයක් විය හැක.  

ස්මිත් මහතා වසර 84 ක් ඵලදායී ජීවිතයක් ගත කලේය. ඔහුට ප්‍රීතිමත් ළමා කාලයක්, හොද අධ්‍යාපනයක්, ගෞරවනීය වෘත්තියක් සහ ඵලදායී වැඩිහිටි ජීවිතයක් තිබුණි. ඔහුගේ ජීවිතයෙන් වැඩි කාලයක් ඔහුට ප්‍රීතිය තිබුනි. ඔහුගේ ජීවිතයේ ආතතිය, නිශේධනාත්මක බව සහ බලාපොරොත්තු සුන්වීම යනාදිය නොසලකා ඔහු ධනාත්මක දෘශ්ඨියක් දැරීය. වයස 84 දී මහළු වියේ සිදුවන දුක් විදීමකින් තොරව ස්මිත් මහතා නින්දේදීම මිය ගියේය.  ස්මිත් මහතා යනු කල්පිත චරිතයක් වූවද ස්මිත් මහතාට සමාන ජීවිත ගතකල බොහෝ දෙනා අප දකිමු. ජීවිතය දුක් කම්කටොලු වලින් පිරී ඇති බව ඔවුන් කවදා හෝ පැමිණිලි කර තිබේද?

දුක් වේදනා බාහිර සාධක විය හැක. මානසික අවපීඩනයෙන් (depression) පෙලෙන පුද්ගලයෙකු ඔහුගේ වැරදි දෘශ්ඨිය, සෘණාත්මක ජීවන දර්ශණය සහ හානිකර සංජානන හේතුවෙන් දුක් විදිය හැක. යුද්ධයෙන් විනාශ වූ ප්‍රදේශයක මිනිසෙකු එහි පවතින භූ – දේශපාලණික හේතු නිසා දුක් විදිය හැක. මොළයේ රසායනික සමතුලිතතාවය වෙනස් වීම නිසා පුද්ගලයෙකු (අභ්‍යන්තර  හේතූන් නිසා) දුක් විදිය හැක. මොළයේ රසායණික සමතුලිතතාවය වෙනස් හට ගන්න විශාදය හෝ  මනෝ ව්‍යාධික රෝග තත්වයෙන් පෙලෙන පුද්ගලයෙකු ගැන සිතන්න.   ඔවුන්ට  ඖෂධ  මගින් මොළයේ රසායණික තත්වයන් යාමනය කොට ඔවුන් ගේ දුක් සහිත විඳවීමට සමාප්තියක් ලබා දිය හැකිය. “දුක්ඛ” යනු සියදිවි නසා ගැනීමේ චේතනාවන් සමග සම්බන්ධ වූ සායනික, මානසික අවපීඩනය, ලෞකික දුක් වේදනා, විරසක වීම් හෝ ජීවිතයේ වේදනාව නොවේ. මෙම තත්වයන් සදහා මානසික අවපීඩන සදහා භාවිතා කරන ඖෂධ මනෝ චිකිත්සාව මගින් ප්‍රථිකාර කල හැක. තවත් සමහරෙක් තමන් දුක් විදින බව නොදනී. නිදසුනක් ලෙස, ඇල්සයිමර් රෝගයෙන් පෙළෙන රෝගියෙකු උදාහරණයට ගන්න. ඔහුට තම ජීවිතයේ විඳවීම පිලිබඳව අදහසක් නොමැත. මේ අනුව දුක්ඛ යනු එදිනෙදා ජීවිතය සමග බැඳී තිබෙන අප්‍රසන්නතා නොවේ. දුක්ඛ” යනු ජීවිතයේ විශ්වීය රෝග පිළිබද යථාර්ථයයි.  . 

අතීතයේ සිටි මිනිසුන් වසූරිය, පෝලියෝ, සරම්ප සහ රුබෙල්ලා වැනි රෝග වලින්  පීඩා වින්දහ. වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාවේ දියුණුවත් සමග මෙකී රෝග ආශ්‍රිත දුක් විදීම් තුරන් කරන ලදි. ඒ හේතුවෙන් අප මේ බෝවන රෝගවලින් තව දුරටත් පීඩා නොවිදින්නෙමු.  

වයසට යෑම  වේදනාව සහ අසහනය සමග සම්බන්ධ විශ්වීය සාධකයකි. මෙය මහළු විය හා සම්බන්ධ දුක් වේදනාවයි. වියපත් වීමත් සමග කායික සහ මානසික පරිහානිය නිසා දුක් වේදනා ඇතිවේ. වයස් ගත වීම දුකකි. කෙසේ වෙතත් නවීන විද්‍යාත්මක තාක්ෂණය, විශේෂයෙන් ජාන ප්‍රථිකාර මගින් වයසට යෑමේ ක්‍රියාවලිය මන්දගාමී වේ. සමහර විට ඉදිරි වසර 100 සිට  200 අතර කාලය තුළ වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව විසින් වයස්ගතවීම පමා කිරීමේ  ප්‍රථිකාර දියුණු කරනු ඇති අතර මිනිසුන්ට අවුරුදු 250- 300 දක්වා වූ කාලයක් ජීවත් වීමට හැකිවනු ඇත. එහෙත් මෙමගින් පවා “දුක්ඛ” යන්න නොවිසදේ. මක් නිසාද යත් වයසට යෑම සහ අභාවය නොවැලැක්විය හැකි අතර  අවසානයේ මිනිසාට මරණය නම් විශ්වීය වේදනා අත්දැකිමට මුහුණ දීමට සිදුවන බැවිනි. 

වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව බොහෝ රෝග සදහා ප්‍රථිකාර සොයාගෙන ඇත. සමහර විට තවත් වසර 200 – 300 ක් අතර කාලයේදී, පිලිකා ඇතුලු බෝ නොවන සහ බෝවන රෝගවලින් 95% ක් මානවයාගෙන් තුරන් වනු ඇත. එවිට ලෙඩ දුක් යනු මිනිසාට දුක් වේදනා ගෙන දෙන සාධකයක් ලෙස නොසැලකනු ඇත. 

සත්‍ය වශයෙන්ම මරණය දුකකි. වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාවට මිනිසාගේ ආයු කාලය දීර්ඝ කල හැක. ජෛව – මුද්‍රණ තාක්ෂණය මගින්  සහ අනිකුත් අභ්‍යන්තර ඉන්ද්‍රියයන් ප්‍රකෘතිමත් කල හැක. මෙම පියවරෙන් දීර්ඝායු ලබාදිය හැකි අතර මරණය වැලැක්විය නොහැක. එබැවින් මරණය මිනිස් පැවැත්මේ කොටසක් වනු ඇත. “දුක්ඛ” යන්න මරණයේ සාංකාව සමග බැදී පවතී. 

දුක් පීඩා විදීම පුද්ගලික මෙන්ම පොදු කාරනයකි. විශ්වීය දුක් වේදනා යන්න පුළුල් පරාසයක් ඇති මිනිස් අත්දැකීම් ආවරණය කරයි. එයට මානසික, භෞතික, සාමාජීය මානයන් ඇත. මෙම විශ්වීය ලක්ශන සෑම මිනිසෙකුටම පොදු වේ. මෙහි ප්‍රථිපලයක් ලෙස මෙම විශ්වීය ලක්ශන මගින්  සවිඥ්ඥානික අවබෝධයක් ගෙන දෙයි. ජීවිතය තව දුරටත් අර්ථවත් නොවන බව (lack of meaning) ඔවුන්ට හැගී යයි. මෙය පැවැත්ම සමග එන සාන්දෘෂ්ඨික කාංසාවේ (existential anxiety) ප්‍රතිඑලයකි. මේ  සාන්දෘෂ්ඨික කාංසාව   “දුක්ඛ” වේ.  

ජීවිතයේ අරමුණක් නොමැති කම දුකට හේතු විය හැක. මිනිසාට සෑම පහසුකමක්ම සහ ද්‍රව්‍යමය දේ තිබුනද ඔවුන් බොහෝ විට ජීවිතයේ අරථ විරහිත භාවයට ගොදුරු වෙති.ඔවුන්ට ඔවුන්ගේ ජීවිතයේ අරමුණ පිලිබඳ පැහැදිලි හැගීමක් නැත. වික්ටර් ෆැරන්ක්ල්ට අනුව මිනිසුන්  සාන්දෘෂ්ඨිකහිස් බව පුරවන්නේ සුඛ විහරණය, බලය, ද්‍රව්‍ය වාදය , වෛරය, කම්මැලිකම, ස්නායු උමතුවෙන් සහ බලකිරීමෙනි. ජීවිතයේ අරමුණක් නොමැති කම නිසා ” දුක්ඛ” ඇති වෙයි.

සමහර බෞද්ධ ග්‍රන්ථ වල සදහන් වන්නේ උපත යනු දුකක් බවයි. නමුත් ඒ සාමාන්‍ය දරු උපතක් ගැන නොවේ. දරු ප්‍රසූතියක් යනු දෙමාපියන්ට ප්‍රීතිමත් අවස්ථාවකි. බෞද්ධ සන්දර්භය තුල උපත යනුවෙන් අදහස් වන්නේ මමත්වයේ (ego) උපතයි. මමත්වයේ උපත සහ එහි පැවත්ම විශ්වීය දුක්ඛිත තත්වයට හේතුවේ. මෙමගින් මිනිසා තමා පිළිබද ව්‍යාජ හැගීමකට පත්වෙයි. ඔහුගේ විශ්වාසයන් වෙනස් වූ විට හෝ අභියෝගයට ලක්වූ විට ඔහු ඔහුගේ ව්‍යාජ මමත්වය නිසා අසහනකාරී සහ සාංකාමය තත්වයට පත්වෙයි. 

දුක්ඛ” යනු ලෞකික දුක් වේදනා, සාමාන්‍ය වශයෙන් වූ අසතුටුදායක බව නොසන්සුන් කම හෝ දැඩි මානසික වේදනාව නොවේ. දුක්ඛ යනු ලෞකික දුක් විඳීම  නම් එයද තාවකාලික වූවකි. එයද සදාකාලික නොවන දෙයකි. නමුත් “දුක්ඛ” යන්නට ඇත්තේ ගැඹුරු විශ්වීය අර්ථයකි. “දුක්ඛ” යන්නෙන් සංඛේතවත් කරන්නේ බියෙන් හා දුක්ඛිතභාවයෙන් පිරුනු මිනිස් පැවැත්මේ අඳුරු  ස්වභාවය නොවේ. එය එම පැවැත්මේ අව්‍යාජ ස්භාවයය ඉස්මතු කරයි. “දුක්ඛ”යනු මමත්වයේ අනිත්‍ය ස්වභාවයයි.  “දුක්ඛ” යනු අශුභවාදී හෝ ශුන්‍යවාදී සංකල්පයක් නොවේ. එයින් සතුටේ සිට බලාපොරොත්තු සුන්වීම දක්වා වූ චිත්තවේග මාලාවක් නියෝජනය වේ.

දුක්ඛ” යන්නෙන් පැවැත්මේ සත්‍ය වූද නිවැරදිවූද ස්වභාවය විස්තර කරයි. පැවැත්ම රැඳී තිබෙන්නේ අනිත්‍යතාවය, දුක්ඛ සහ අනාත්මභාවය පදනම් කර ගෙනය. මේ ත්‍රිත්වය එකිනෙක මත රඳා  පවතින අතර අන්තර්සම්බන්ධිත සාධක වෙති.  

අනිත්‍ය යනු ස්ථිර සහ අඛන්ඩ පැවැත්මෙන් තොර වීමයි. අනිත්‍ය බව විසින් ස්ථිර මිනිස් ආත්ම සංකල්පය ප්‍රතික්ශේප කරයි. විශ්වය වනාහි ඇදහිය නොහැකි තරම් විශාල වූද සංකීර්ණ වූද නිරන්තරයෙන් වෙනස් වන්නා වූද ප්‍රපංචයකි. විශ්වයේ ස්ථිර භෞතික හෝ මානසික පැවැත්මක් නොමැත. පුද්ගල මට්ටමෙන් මෙන්ම පොදු මට්ටමෙන්ද ලෝකය නිරන්තරයෙන් වෙනස් වෙමින් පවතී.

බුදු දහමට අනුව හැගීම්, සහ සංජානනයන් ද අනිත්‍ය වේ. එමෙන්ම  විඥ්ඥානයද (consciousness) අනිත්‍ය වේ. යමෙක් මෙම අනිත්‍ය වූ ලෝකයේ යථා ස්වභාවය තේරුම් නොගෙන එයට ප්‍රථිරෝධය දැක්වීමට උත්සාහ කරන විට දුක උපදී. ඔහුට වෙනස් වීමට උවමනා නැත. නමුත් ඔහු වටා ඇති සියල්ල නිරන්තරයෙන් වෙනස් වීමට භාජනය වේ. ඔහුට නැවත කිසි විටෙක කලින් සිටි මොහොත හෝ අත්දැකීම වෙත ආපසු යා නොහැක. පුද්ගලයා වයස්ගත වේ. ඔහුට සදහටම තරුණ වී සිටිය නොහැක. මෙම ක්‍රියාවලිය පුද්ගලයා තුල දුකක් ඇති කරයි. පුද්ගලයාට තමාට සහ තම ආදරණීයයන් සදහා ලෝකයක් අවශ්‍ය වේ. නමුත් මරණය වැලැක්විය නොහැක. කිසිවෙකුට එයින් ගැලවිය නොහැකිය. මරණයට ඇති බිය සහ එම ක්‍රියාවලිය මෙම “දුක්ඛ” සංකල්පය සමග බැඳී  පවතී.  

ලෝකය මායාවන්ගෙන් පිරී ඇත. මිනිසා තමා   විසින්, මවා ගත් බොහෝ මනෝ සංකල්ප සැබෑ ලෙස පිලිගනී. ශාරික සහ මානසික මමත්වය සැබෑ ලෙස ඔහු පිලිගනියි. ආත්මය යනු විචිත්‍ර වූ සවිඥ්ඥානික වස්තුවක් ලෙස වටහා ගත්තද එහි ඇත්තේද “මම” යන මායාවය. මොලයේ ස්නායු ක්‍රියාකාරිත්වය හරහා මෙම මායාවන් විසින් මමත්වය නිර්මානය කරයි. මොලයේ ස්නායු ක්‍රියාකාරිත්වය හරහා මෙම මායාවන් විසින් මායාමය අනන්‍යතාවයක් නිර්මාණය කරයි. තමා පිලිබද මායාමය හැගීමක් ඇතිකිරීම සදහා මොලය එහි අත්දැකීම්, සිතුවිලි සහ හැසිරීම් යොදාගනියි. සමහර ස්නායු විශේසඥයන්ට අනුව මොලය නිර්මාණශීලී යන්ත්‍රයකි. මම යනු තනි වස්තුවක් නොවන අතර එය සංවේදනයන්, සංජානන සහ සිතුවිලි වල එකතුවකි. සියලුම භෞතික සහ මානසික තත්වයන් පාරභෞතික වශයෙන් සත්‍ය නොවේ. මම යනු මොහොතින් මොහොත ගලායන ස්වභාවයක් වන අතර මම යනු ස්ථිර ගතිකයක් බව සිතන තැනැත්තා  මෙම මායාවට හසුවූ විට “දුක” උපදී.   

“දුක්ඛ” යනු පැවැත්මේ සැබෑ ස්වරූපය තේරුම් ගැනීමට නොහැකි වීමයි. එය ජීවිතයේ විවිධ අවස්ථා නිසා ඇතිවන ආතතිය, ගැටුම්, බාධා, වෙනස්වීම්, නිසා ඇති වන වෙනස් වීමයි. එයසෑම මිනිසෙකුම අත්විදින, අධ්‍යාත්මික වූ අර්බුදයක් වන අතර සමහරු එය අර්ථ විරහිත ලෙස දකිති. දුක්ඛ යනු තාර්කික මිනිසෙකු හා අතාර්කික ලෝකය අතර ගැටුමයි. “දුක්ඛ” ලෝකයේ සමස්ථ පැවැත්ම හා බැදී පවතී. 

ලෞකික පුද්ගලයෙකු දුක් වර්ග දෙකක් අත්විදියි. පලමුවැන්න සෞඛ්‍ය ගැටළු සහ සමාජ – ආර්ථික ගැටළු නිසා ඇතිවන දුක්ඛිත ජීවන තත්වයයි. මෙවැනි ගැටළු ලෞකික  මැදිහත්වීම් මගින් නිවැරදි බවට පත්කරගත හැක. දෙවැනි දුක් වර්ගය වන්නේ “දුක්ඛ” ලෙස හැදින්වෙන දුක් වේ. “දුක්ඛ” යන්න ලෞකික දුක් විදීම අභිබවා යන්නකි.  ලෞකික    මැදිහත්වීමකින් මෙය නිවැරදි කල හෝ සහනය ලබා ගත නොහැක. 

“දුක්ඛ” යනු අශුභවාදය හෝ නරුමභාවය නොවේ. ” දුක්ඛ” යන්න මානව ස්වභාවයට විශ්වයේ යථාර්ථයට සම්බන්ධ දෙයකි. “දුක්ඛ” යනු පිළිතුරක් නැති ප්‍රහේලිකාවක් නොවේ. බුදුන් වහන්සේ ” දුක්ඛ” යෙහි ඇති විස්තීරණ ස්වභාවය සහ දුකින් මිදීම විස්තර කරන ලද අතර මුලින්ම දුක්ඛ සංකල්පය නිවැරදිව අවබෝධ කළ යුතු ය. එසේම  දුක්ඛ නිරෝධයට තුඩු දෙන  ආර්‍ය අෂ්ඨාංගික මාර්ගය අනුගමනය කල යුතුය.

උපුටා ගැන්ම ලංකා සී නිව්ස්

ජාතික ජන බලවේගය අද වන විට ධෛර්යවන්ත ගැහැණුන්ගෙන් සමන්විත ව්‍යාපාරයක් බවට පත්වී ඇති බව එහි නායක පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රී අනුර දිසානායක මහතා සඳහන් කරයි.

ඒ අනුව 2024 ජයග්‍රහණ ගැන යම් කුකුසක් තිබුනේ නම් අද වන විට එම කුකුස මුළුමනින්ම අහවර වී ඇති බවද හෙතෙම කියා සිටියේය.

ඒ මහතා මේ බව කියා සිටියේ මාතර දිස්ත්‍රික් ජාතික ජන බලවේගයේ කාන්තා සමුළුව අමතමිනි.

මෙරට කාන්තාවන් නැඹුරුවන දේශපාලන ව්‍යාපාරය ජයග්‍රහණය කරන බවට මතයක් ඇති බවද පැවසූ ඔහු 2024 වසරට පියාගන්නේ 2023 අභිබවා යන මහා ජනතාව ව්‍යාපාරයක් ලෙස බවද කියා සිටියේය.

Dinesh Gunawardena Prime Minister Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

The necessary measures have been taken in this year’s budget to launch the government’s procedure to create a country with new hopes.
In line with the last year, let us all work together with dedication for a prosperous future in a disciplined and democratic  society by helping to implement the challenging program of creating a new era in all economic, political, social and cultural fields.
In this new year, I  recollect  with gratitude the challenging work done by our farmers in the face of the food and economic crisis faced by the country last year.
We are determined to move the country towards a productive economy by empowering the new generation through innovative concepts with an entrepreneurial mindset.
The recent past has led us to think a lot. Those diseases, disasters, economic and social crises are the ones we have not experienced in recent history. Let’s step into a new year enriched with new concepts in order to eliminate  these  adverse effects and not  to bequeath them to the next generation.

Dinesh Gunawardena
Prime Minister
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

By P.K.Balachandran/Sunday Observer Courtesy NewsIn.Asia

Indian Minister Selja brings the Kapilavastu relics to Sri Lanka

Colombo, December 31: Religion has been part of the foreign policies of Christian and Islamic nations for a long time. As is well known, one of the goals of the foreign policy of Western colonial powers was to spread Christianity and civilize” the world, the sword in one hand and the bible in the other, as it were. In the medieval era, spreading Islam through proselytization was the core objective of expansionist Islamic forces. Vast areas from Spain in the West, through Central Asia and to Afghanistan and Xinjiang in the East came under the sway of Islam.

In recent times, the US and its Western allies encouraged radical Islamic forces to overthrow progressive but anti-West regimes in Iran and Afghanistan and set up regimes friendly to them. 

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In contrast, Buddhism and Hinduism crossed the boundaries of their lands of origin and development, not by being instruments of foreign policy, but via peaceful international trade. Most of Asia is today Buddhist in one way or another, and that is because Buddhist monks from India latched on to Indian traders trading in South East and East Asia and spread the word of the Buddha.

The subsequent rise of the Arab and European traders in Asian trade ended the dominance of the Hindu/Buddhist traders and Buddhist expansion was curtailed.

However, after the collapse of colonialism post World War II, emerging India (and China much later on) began to use Buddhism to reach out to Asian countries that are predominantly Buddhist. Buddhism was harnessed to serve India’s foreign policy ends.

Though neither India nor China is a Buddhist country (India is predominantly Hindu and China is officially atheist) both use their Buddhist past and their earlier contribution to the development of Buddhist thought and action as a foreign policy tool. 

Buddhism is so important in China’s Asia policy that it has been made a part of its flagship project, the multi-billion dollar Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). On December 12, the 8th ‘South China Sea Buddhism Roundtable’ took place in Colombo. It was attended by more than 400 monks, scholars, government officials, and representatives from all walks of life from 25 countries and regions including China, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Japan, India, Vietnam, the United States, France, etc. It was the first time that the Roundtable in its entirety was held outside China. Master Yinshun, Vice President of the Buddhist Association of China and Abbot of the Shenzhen Hongfa Temple, delivered the keynote speech.

Since the 1950s, India has been using Buddhism to project an image of being a civilization wedded to peace and reconciliation. Its first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru chose the Ashoka Chakra as the national symbol and his government celebrated the Buddha Jayanti as an international event in 1956. Many Sri Lankans were invited to attend.

In the 1990s, Prime Minister P.V.Narasimha Rao inaugurated the Look East Policy (LEP). After Narendra Modi became PM, it was re-designated as Act-East Policy (AEP). Though the LEP and AEP were and are essentially trade, investment and connectivity oriented cultural and religious ties have been given equal importance because culture and religion helped facilitate people-to-people relations which are the bedrock of international relations.  

In her comprehensive work entitled Cultural Dimensions of India’s Look-Act East Policy (Palgrave McMillan) Dr.Sarita Dash of Jawaharlal University in New Delhi says that India has been using Buddhism in its relations with Mynamar for decades. India helped restore the Ananda Temple in Bagan. In 2012 the then External Affairs Minister Salman Khurshid inaugurated the International Conference on Buddhist Heritage in Yangon.

In March 2014, the ten-day festival of India in Thailand” provided  glimpses of Buddha’s life through eye-catching statuettes, panels, and pictures. The exhibition travelled to Bangkok, after creating waves in Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam, Sarita Dash recalls.  

Under the Narendra Modi government, ‘Buddhist Connect’ has been made a critical component of the Act East Policy. Modi has made efforts to develop his home town Vadnagar in Gujarat, which is associated with the Buddha, as a Buddhist pilgrimage centre. The New Delhi-based International Buddhist Confederation (IBC) organised the International Buddha Poornima Diwas” with Modi as its main invitee in May 2015. Later in September, the IBC co-organized the international Global Hindu-Buddhist Initiative on Conflict Avoidance and Environment Consciousness” conference, with Modi’s participation.  

In 2015, Modi made the first-ever announcement of making Buddha Purnima an official holiday and started presenting an array of symbolic gifts including saplings of the original Bodhi tree in Gaya to East Asian nations. Before him former PM, Manmohan Singh had gifted a Bodhi sapling to the Thai king in 2013 and former President Pranab Mukherjee planted a Bodhi sapling in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2014,” Sarita Dash says.

To attract Buddhist pilgrims from East and Southeast Asia, India is being transformed into a global Buddhist pilgrimage site. A Buddhist Tourist Circuit” has been worked out which covers Lumbini and Kapilavastu in Nepal, Bodhgaya, Sarnath, Sravasti, and Kushinagar in Uttar Pradesh, Rajgir, Nalanda, and Vaishali in Bihar. The project is getting international funding. In January 2022, the Indian Railways launched a Buddhist Circuit Tourist train that covers four Buddhist destinations: Lumbini, Kushinagar, Bodhgaya (Gaya), and Sarnath.

India recently opened an international airport in Kushinagar, which can be considered the centre of the Buddhist circuitm says Sarita Dash. As per the Indian government, about 200–300 Buddhist pilgrims from Thailand, Cambodia, Japan, and Myanmar visit Kushinagar on any given day.

There are proposals to promote historic Buddhist sites across 17 Indian states. For example, the Odisha government has taken a keen interest in promoting Dhauli, the site where Emperor Ashoka won the bloody Kalinga war but gave up war and accepted Buddhism in repentance.

The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI ) renovated the Angkor Vat and Ta Prohm temples in Siem Reap, Cambodia; and the Vat Phou temple in Laos. It is also engaged in the conservation of the My Son group of temples in Vietnam.

India brought down the Buddha’s relics from Kapilavastu to Sri Lanka in 2012 for the general public to venerate them. India has given a US$ 15 million grant to bolster Buddhist connections between India and Sri Lanka.

By dividing the state of Jammu and Kashmir and making Ladakh a Union Territory in 2019, Prime Minister Modi created a Buddhist-majority area. It will not be mistaken to view this move as a plausible boost for Buddhist diplomacy,” Sarita Dash comments.

For the first time, the MEA collaborated with the Gautam Buddha University (GBU) near Delhi to conduct a three-day course for ASEAN countries on India’s Buddhist heritage. The course was entitled: Engaged Buddhism: A joint-way forward for India and ASEAN” and was designed for ASEAN diplomats, civil servants, and academics.

Need For Improvements 

These valiant efforts notwithstanding, there are many shortcomings in the use of Buddhism in foreign policy, Sarita Dash points out.

Infrastructure and services at the Buddhist tourist spots are not world-class at present. The sorry state of services available, especially in Bodh Gaya, calls for better facilities. The undeniable fact is that the people of Bihar are mostly poor hosts to multitudes of Buddhist visitors.Therefore, New Delhi should make serious efforts, jointly with the concerned state governments, not only to develop India as an important Asian centre for Buddhist tourism and studies but also to elevate the quality of life of people in those tourist sites. Unless the latter happens, the former may not be possible to accomplish,” she argues.

Connectivity is there but it should be upgraded through railways, highways, and airways, connecting Buddhist spots from Lumbini on the Indo-Nepal border through Bodhgaya, Bharhut, Amaravati, Shravasti, Sankashaya, Nalanda and Rajgir, Lalitagiri, and Ratnagiri along with Sanchi, Amaravati, Ajanta, Ellora, Kanheri, and Karli, she says.

Further, there is a lack of deeper understanding of Buddhist art, literature and philosophy in Indian universities, she points out. Besides improving Nalanda University, the government ought to elevate the standard of Buddhist Studies in Nava Nalanda Mahavihara in Bihar, in Sanchi University, and other Buddhist teaching and research institutions, Dr.Sarita Dash says.

Courtesy Adaderana

Sri Lanka Police together with the Police Special Task Force (STF) has arrested over 20,000 suspects over drugs-related crimes during the past 14 days of the ‘Yukthiya’ operation, says the Public Security Ministry.

Financial asset investigations have been initiated against 189 suspects and 1,298 individuals have been sent for rehabilitation. Additionally, detention orders were secured against 1,018 suspects, according to the ministry.

In addition, the Illegal Assets and Properties Investigation Division of the police have confiscated assets worth Rs. 558.5 million belonging to notorious criminal figures and drug traffickers.

Meanwhile, the Public Security Ministry also said the total estimated street value of the drugs seized during this period is Rs. 858 million.

The drugs impounded during the special island-wide operations include:

• 11kg 600g of heroin
• 08kg 378g of methamphetamine (‘Ice’)
• 297kg 8g of Cannabis 
• 2,110,500 Cannabis plants
• 119kg 600g of ‘Mawa’
• 35kg 800g of HASH
• 01kg 70g of Hashish
• 03kg 700g of ‘Thul’
• 555g of Kush cannabis 
• 72,272 narcotic pills

Courtesy Adaderana

Sri Lanka has informed India that it will not allow any Chinese research vessel to dock at its ports or operate within its exclusive economic zone (EEZ) for one year, the Hindustan Times reported on Sunday. 

The move comes after Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi urged President Ranil Wickremesinghe to respect Indian strategic and security concerns. Sri Lanka’s decision means that the Chinese research vessel Xiang Yang Hong 3 will not be granted clearance to conduct deep water exploration in the south Indian Ocean.

Sri Lanka has informed India that it will not allow any Chinese research vessel to dock at its ports or operate within its exclusive economic zone (EEZ) for a period of one year, people aware of the matter were quoted as saying in the report.

The move comes close on the heels of Prime Minister Narendra Modi urging President Ranil Wickremesinghe to respect Indian strategic and security concerns during their meeting on July 21, 2023.

The declared moratorium was conveyed to India through apex diplomatic channels last week, the people cited above added.

This means that Chinese scientific research vessel Xiang Yang Hong 3, which was scheduled to conduct deep water exploration” in the south Indian Ocean from January 5, 2024 to late May, will not be granted a clearance by Sri Lankan authorities. China has also asked the current pro-Beijing Mohammed Muizzu regime in Maldives to let the 4,600-tonne Xiamen-based vessel conduct a survey off the coast of Male.

The Wickremesinghe government notified the one-year moratorium last week after India and the US red-flagged Colombo entertaining Chinese scientific research vessels and ballistic missile trackers in the Indian Ocean and providing them logistical support, the people said. India had raised objections to Chinese research vessel Shi Yan 6 conducting a joint maritime survey with the Sri Lankan maritime agency in October-November, but Colombo allowed the vessel to dock at its seaport after Wickremesinghe visited Beijing for the 10the anniversary of Belt Road Initiative (BRI) on October 17-18. The research vessel reached Colombo on October 25, and crossed the Malacca Straits on December 2. The objections to both Shi Yan 6, which was expected to be back in Sri Lanka around March, and Xiang Yang Hong 3, were conveyed to Wickremesinghe by top Indian diplomatic interlocutors, the people added.

In the past, Chinese research ships, ballistic missile trackers and hydrographic vessels have entered the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) and conducted deep surveys of the 90-degree ridge south of the Andamans and Nicobar Islands. For example, Deng Jiaxian, a Shupang-class hydrographic vessel, was deployed in IOR from August 10-24. The ship re-entered IOR through the Sunda Straits on August 28 and exited through the Lombok/Ombai Wetar Straits in early September 2023. On September 11, the same vessel was seen surveying the Philippines Sea.

This year, at least 25 Chinese ships including PLA warships, submarines, ballistic missile trackers and research vessels operated in the IOR, much to the chagrin of India and the US. Since 2019, a total of 48 Chinese scientific research vessels have been deployed in IOR. Their generic area of activity has been near the east and west coastlines of India, and in the deep Indian Ocean.

Source: The Hindustan Times

–Agencies

Dilrook Kannangara

Since 2009 ethnic Sinhalas in the East have been totally neglected. Politicians who entered parliament from the East by exploiting the miseries of ethnic Sinhalas there have since settled comfortably in Colombo. Eastern Sinhalas have become mere political pawns used at elections and dumped thereafter. Their suffering must be maintained in order to win their votes for the SLPP. If they stop suffering, racism cannot be sold to them during election time. This is why they are condemned to suffer by all political parties.

I have suggested a workable, simple and effective solution to resolve their problems for good. However, opportunistic Sinhala politicians who thrive on the tears and blood of helpless Sinhala people in the East do not agree with it.

Merge Sinhala majority villages in the East with Badulla and Polonnaruwa Districts. That fixes all their problems. Of course, some villages cannot be merged with the adjoining provinces due to distance. They need other solutions. However, most Sinhala villages can be merged with adjoining Sinhala majority provinces. Most matters relating to grassroots levels are handled by the Provincial Council. Since the Eastern Provincial council was always under racist political party members, justice and fairness cannot be expected from them.

Sinhalas in the East must not be used to hold the fort”. They cannot. The best way to ensure the actual geographical locations they are in are held is to merge these areas into adjoining Sinhala majority provinces. Losing the Eastern provincial council is not a problem as it is only a demarcation on a map. There is no real demarcation on ground.

Unless this proposed solution is implemented, the actual geographical locations Sinhalas live in the East (irrespective of what province these areas come under) will be lost for good. That will be a grave sin that cannot be repaid for generations by politicians who won Eastern Sinhalas’ votes.

චානක බණ්ඩාරගේ

ආසියාවේ වැඩිම විදුලි බිල ඇති රට ශ්‍රී ලංකාවද?

ගල් අඟුරු වෙනුවට ජලය, ඩීසල්, සුළං, සොලාර් මඟින් විදුලිය ජනනය කරන්නෙමු යයි කීම අසම්පූර්ණ  කථාවකි.

ලොව කිසිම දියුණු රටක් ජලය, ඩීසල්, සුළං, සොලාර් වලින් පමණක් සිය විදුලිබල සැපයුම සම්පුර්ණ කරගෙන නැත. නව සීලන්තය හැර දියුණු සෑම රටකම ගල් අඟුරු බලාගාර ඇත, නැත්නම් න්‍යෂ්ටික විදුලි බලාගාර ඔවුන් සතුව පවතී.

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ විදුලි බල ප්‍රශ්නයට හොඳම විසඳුම ගල් අඟුරු වලින් ක්‍රියා කරන සාම්පුර් විදුලි බලාගාරය බව ස්ථිරයි (හෝ වෙනත් ස්ථානයක ස්ථාපිත කරන). තවදුරටත් එම ආධාරය ඉන්දියාවෙන් ලැබෙදැයි අවිශ්වාසය.  නමුත්, ශුර නායකයෝ මෙවන් ආධාර ලබාගන්නා හැටි දනිති.

ඒ කෙසේවෙතත් අපේ වියදමින් හෝ කෙසේ හෝ  සාම්පුර් සදා ගනිමු. ඉන්පසු විදුලිය ගැන බියක් නැතිව රට වැසියන්ට ජීවත් වීමට ඉඩ ලැබෙනු ඇත.

ගල් අඟුරු වලින් වැඩ කරන තනි නොරෝච්චාලේන්  පමණක් මෙගා වොට් 900ක්   ජනනය කරනු ලැබේ.  සාම්පුර් ධාරිතාවය මෙගා වොට් 500කි. මෙය මෙගා වොට් 1,000කට පමණවත් වැඩි කිරීමට කටයුතු කල හැක.

’climate change’ (දේශගුණික විපර්යාස) සංකල්පය යටතේ සාම්පුර් සාදනවාට විරුද්ධව යම් යම් ජාත්‍යාන්තර බලපෑම් පැමිණිය හැක.

චීනය සහ ඉන්දියාව තවමත් නව ගල් අඟුරු බලාගාර විශාල ලෙස හදති – දළ වශයෙන් වසරකට නව ගල් අඟුරු බලාගාර 50 – 100 පමණ.  

2023 ඩුබායිහි  පැවතී ගෝලීය climate change සමුළුවේදී ඔවුහු ඒ බව යලි සපථ කළහ. සෙසු ලෝකයා ඔවුනට එදිරිව කථා කලේ නැත. ඒ, ඔවුන් බලවත් සහ ජාත්‍යාන්තරව ඉහළින් සිටින රටවල් නිසාය.

ලෝකයේ සියළු රටවල් – විශේෂයෙන්ම මෑතදී චීනය සහ ඉන්දියාව, දියුණු වුයේ ගල් අඟුරු බලාගාර නිසාය.

නැවතත්, නව ගල් අඟුරු බලාගාරයක් නොමැතිව ශ්‍රී ලංකාව ඉදිරියට යනවා බොරුය.

‘global warming’ යන තර්කය අසමත් වූ  පසු බටහිර රටවල් දැන් එය climate change කියා නම වෙනස් කර සිටිති.

climate change අප රට ඇතුළු ලෝකයට ඇත්තකි. අපිට ඇද හැලෙන දැවැන්ත වර්ෂාවෙන්ම එය විද්‍යමාන වේ. මිට වසර දහයකට පෙර එවැනි දේශගුණික විපර්යාස මෙරට සිදු නොවුණි.

1970/80/90 දශකවල වර්ෂාව නොමැතිව සෑම වසරකම අප තදින්ම බැට කෑවෙමු. මෙම වසරේ (2023) මැද භාගයේදී (අප්‍රේල් – අගෝස්තු), යම් ප්‍රදේශවල තද නියං ඇති විය.

සැමදා මේ ආකාරයට වැස්ස වසී යයි සිතීම අනුවණ කමකි. climate change නිසා දිගු නියං කාළයන් අප රටේ පැමිණිය හැක. දැන් අහස කඩා ගෙන වැස්සත් ඒ වටිනා වැසි ජලය නව වැව් තැනීම වැනි දේ වලින් වියළි කාලයේදී ප්‍රයෝජනයට ගන්නා ක්‍රම ගැන රජයන් උනන්දු නැත. දැන් වසින වැසි ජලය මුහුදටය. ඕස්ත්‍රේලියාව වැනි රටවල සෑම නිවසකම පාහේ විශාල ප්‍රමාණයේ Rain Water Tank එකක් තිබේ.

ලෝකය තුල හුදු ෆොසිල් ෆියුඑල් දහනය නිසා වායුගෝලයේ CO2 ප්‍රතිශතය ඉහල යාමෙන් climate change සිදු වෙනවාය කියා ස්ථිරවම කියන්නේ කෙසේද?

ස්වභාව ධර්මය විසින් කාලගුණ විපර්යාස අවුරුදු මිළියන ගණනක් තිස්සේ සිදු කර ඇත. ඩයිනෝසොරස් මෙලොවින් නැතිවී ගියේ ස්වභාව ධර්මයාගේ මෙවන් ක්‍රියා නිසාය.

මෙවන් කාලගුණ විපර්යාස ඉදිරියටත් සිදු වනු ඇත – දැන් සිදු වෙමින් පවතින climate change ද එවැනි දෙයකි. එය ලෝකයේ පරිනාමයයි.

climate change  වාදීහු දැනට පවතින මේ climate චේන්ජය ගල් අඟුරු, දැවී තෙල් භාවිතය නිසා සිදුවෙනවාය කියා – මේ දේවල් තහනම් කළ යුතු යයි ලෝක මතයක් සාදා ගෙන ඇත. අප වැනි දුප්පත් රටවල් ඒවා භාවිතා කිරීමෙන් ඔවුහු වළකත්.

අප තව එක් ගල් අඟුරු බලාගාරයක් සැදුවා කියා ලෝකයේම ඌෂ්ණත්වය ඉහල යයිද?

climate චේන්ජය  අද මුදල් උපයන ‘මාෆියාවක්’ බවට ද පත්ව ඇත. CNN, BBC, ABC, බටහිර හරිත පක්ෂ climate change සංකල්පය වවා ගෙන කන අයයි. විකල්ප මතයක් ඉදිරිපත් කිරීමට ඔවුහු කිසිම අවස්ථාවක් නොදෙති.

ඔවුන්ගේ සංකල්පය විවේචනය කරන්නන් climate change deniers වශයෙන් ඔවුහු අපහාසයට ලක් කරත්.

සාම්පුර් ගල් අඟුරු බලාගාරය සෑදු පසු සාධාරණ මුදලට, ඕනෑතරම් විදුලි බලය තිබෙන නිසා සීග්‍ර ආර්ථික දියුණුවක් ඇති වනු ඇත. ඉන්දියාවට කෙසේ වෙතත් මාලදිවයිනට හෝ අපට විදුලි බලය විකිනීමට හැකි වෙනු ඇත.

සාම්පුර් වලින් රටේ යම් විදුලි අතිරික්තයක් ඇති වනු ඇත. මේ අතිරික්ත විදුලිය ශ්‍රී ලංකාව දකුණු ආසියාවේ බිට් කොයින් කැනීමේ මධ්‍යස්ථානය බවට පත් කර ගැනීමට යොදවා ගත හැකි වනු ඇත (bitcoin mining). මේ මඟින් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව ධනවත් රටක් බවට පත් කර ගත හැක. කසකස්තානය මේ දේ දැන් වැඩියෙන්ම කරයි.

චීනය, ඉන්දියාව (ශ්‍රී ලංකාව) වැනි රටවල් ගල් අඟුරු බලාගාර නිපදවා ඒ මඟින් විදුලිය ජනනය කර තම රටවල් දියුණු කරනවා දැකීමට බටහිර දියුණු රටවල් (විශේෂයන්ම මහා බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය, යුරෝපය) අකමැතිය. යුරෝපයේ අද ගල් අඟුරු ආකාර හිස්ය. ගල් අඟුරු අවසන් වී ඇති මහා බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයේ නිව් කාසල්, දකුණු වේල්ස් වැනි ප්‍රාන්ත අද රැකියා විරහිත ප්‍රශ්ණයෙන් ඉහලටම පැමිණ ඇත.

ධනවත් රටවල් ඔවුන්ගේ ගල් අඟුරු විදුලි බලාගාර නොවසත්. ඒවා දිගටම පවත්වා ගෙන යත්.

නමුත්, අපට අළුත්  ඒවා ඉදි නොකරන්නැයි ඔවුහු කියති. සිරිසේන ජනාධිපතිතුමා ඒවා ඉදි නොකරන්නමැයි කියා ජාත්‍යන්තරයට සපථ කර මෙරටට පැමිණ ඇත. මෙය සිය ශූර නායකත්ව නොහැකියාව සහ රටට ආදරය නොකරණ බව ප්‍රදර්ශණය කිරීමකි.

බොහෝ ධනවත් රටවල දැන් න්‍යාෂ්ටික  විදුලි බලාගාර ද ඇත. අපට න්‍යෂ්ටික තාක්ෂණය නැත, නොමැති වීම හොඳය. චෙර්නෝබිල්, ෆුකුශිමා වැනි අනතුරක් ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සිදු වුවහොත් – අතපසු වීම් වැඩි අප රටේ මෙවැන්නක් පහසුවෙන් සිදු විය හැක – රටේ මුළු ජනගහනයම වාගේ මිය යා හැක.

බටහිර යුරෝපා, ඇමරිකාව වැනි රටවලට දැන් අපට විකිණීමට ගල් අඟුරු නැති නිසා  ඔවුන් විසින් නිපදවන අධි වියදම් වූ  සුළං මාපක, සොලාර් පැනල්, විදුලි, න්‍යාෂ්ටික බලාගාර, විදුලි ජෙනරේටර් ආදිය ගන්න යයි ඔවුහු අපට කියති.  ඉන්දියාවද මේ දේම අපට කරයි – ඒ වෙනුවෙන් අදානිව මෙහි එවයි; නමුත් ඉන්දියාව නව ගල් අඟුරු බලාගාර දිගටම ඉදි කරයි.

අද මන්නාරමේ වටිනා ඉඩම් අක්කර සිය ගණනක් සුළං මාපක ව්‍යාපෘති උදෙසා යට කොට ඇත. මේවයින් උත්පාදනය කරන්නේ සොච්චම් විදුලි බලයකි.

ලෝක ඌෂ්ණත්වය ඉහල යන්නේ ගල් අඟුරු දහනය නිසා පමණක් නොවේ. තෙල්/ගෑස් දහනය, කැලෑ කැපීම නිසා ලොව ඌෂ්ණත්වය ඉහල යනු ලැබේ. තවත් බොහෝ හේතු සාධක ඇත.

2023 ඩුබායි සමුළුවෙන් පසුත් ඇමරිකාව, කැනඩාව, මහා බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය මහා පරිමාණයෙන් තම තෙල් ගවේෂක කටයුතු – ගොඩබිම සහ මුහුදේ සිදු කරනු ඇත. ඒවා වැඩි සීග්‍රත්වයෙන් කරනු ඇත. රුසියාව, නෝර්වේ වැනි රටවල් ආර්ටික් කළාපයේ මුහුදු පත්ලද හාරා තෙල්, ගෑස් තව තවත්  එලියට ගනිති. ඉදිරියටත් ගනු ඇත. සෞදි ආරාබියාව, කුවේට්, ඕමාන්, එක්සත් අරාබි එමීර් වැනි රටවල් බොර තෙල් නිපදිවීම නතර කරන්නේ හෝ අඩු කරන්නේ නැත. අන්තිම තෙල් බිංදුව දක්වා ඔවුන් භුමිය හාරනු ඇත. චීනය, ඇමරිකාව, ඕස්ත්‍රේලියාව තවදුරටත් ගල් අඟුරු නිපදවනු ඇත, විකුණනු ඇත. ඕස්ත්‍රේලියාව  අද ඉතා විශිෂ්ට ගනයේ clean coal නිපදවයි. බ්‍රසීලය සහ ඉන්දුනිසියාව අඩු මිලට ගල් අඟුරු විකුණන රටවල් වේ.

ඩුබායි සමුළුවෙහි වුනු පොරොන්දු රටවල් විසින් මීළඟට එන 2024, 2025, 2026 සමුළු වලදී නැවතත් ශපත  කරනු ඇත. නමුත් ඒවා ක්‍රියාවට නැංවීම ඉතාම අල්පය. එය මේ සමුළුවල ඉතිහාසයයි. ශූර නායකයෝ මේ බව දනිත්.

සමුළු වලට සහභාගී වෙමින්, ජාතින් අතර සුහදතාවය වර්ධනය කරමින් අප අපේ ගමන යමු.

දුප්පත් කමින් අඩියේම සිටින අප (දැන් බංකොලොත්) ලෝක ඌෂ්ණත්වය වැඩි වීම නතර කිරීම වෙනුවෙන්ය කියා ගල් අඟුරු මුළුමනින්ම ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කිරීම මෝඩ දෙයකි. ජාත්‍යන්තරයට ගොස් එවැනි දෙයකට ප්‍රසිද්ධියේ සපථ වන්නේ මෝඩ නායකයෝය.  

ජාත්‍යාන්තරය සතුටු කිරීම නොව රට දියුණු කිරීම අප නායකයන් විසින් කළ යුතුවේ.

අපේ නායකයෝද ශී ජින් පිං, මෝඩි වැන්නන් මෙන් කටයුතු කල යුතුය

ලොව බොහෝ රටවල් නව ගල් අඟුරු විදුලි බලාගාර අදත් තනයි.

සුළං මාපක සහ සෝලර් පැනල් මඟින් අපේ අනාගත විදුලි බල ශක්තිය නිපදවා ගනිමු යයි වැනි කැප වීමක් ලෝකයා හමුවේ  අප කිරීමෙන් පලයක් නැත. නැවතත්, දරිද්‍රතාවයට පහතටම අප දැන් වැටී ඇත. ධනවත් රටවල් කරන දේ අපට කළ නොහැක.

ත්‍රී වීලය යනු දුප්පතාගේ වාහනය නම්, ගල් අඟුරු යනු දුප්පතාගේ විදුලි ප්‍රශ්ණයට හොඳම විසඳුමයි.  ඉදින්, අප එයින් බැහැර වන්නේ කීම?

මුළු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවටම අද ඇත්තේ සුළං මාපක විදුලි බලාගාර 16කි. ඒ සියල්ලෙන්ම නිපදවුණු ලබන්නේ මෙගා වොට් 230ක් පමණ වූ සුළු විදුලි බලයකි. මේ බලාගාරවල වාර්ෂික නඩත්තු වියදම වැඩිය. මේවා සුළඟේ වේගය බිදින නිසා වායු ඌෂ්ණත්වය වැඩිවී වාතයේ කාර්බන් ඩයොක්සයිඩ් (CO2) ප්‍රතිශතය ඉහල නංවයි. ‘green house’ ගෑස් නිපදවනවාට අමතරව බොහෝ සුළං බලාගාර අධික ශබ්ධයක් විහිදුවයි. සුළං බලාගාර ඉදිකිරීමට ඉතා විශාල භුමි ප්‍රමාණයක් වැයවේ. ඒවා උස් භුමි ද විය යුතුය. හොඳින් සුළං ලැබෙන ප්‍රදේශ විය යුතුයි.

සොලාර් පවර් බලාගාරවල තත්ත්වයද එසේමය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ දැනට තිබෙන සොලාර් පවර් ෆාර්ම් 5න් නිපදවන්නේ මෙගා වොට් 143ක පමණ ඉතා සුළු විදුලි බලයකි. මෙවාට විදුලි බලය නිපදවන්න හැකි වන්නේ සූර්යයාගෙන් එන ඍජු හිරු එළියෙන් පමණය. දැන් වර්ෂාව වැඩි නිසා ඍජු හිරු එලිය ඉතා අඩුය. සොලාර් ෆාර්ම් ඉදිකිරීමේ වියදම් ඉතා අධිකය. සවි කරන්නන්ට විශේෂඥ දැනුමක්  තිබීම ඉතා අවශ්‍යයි. සොලාර් පැනල් පිටරටින් ගෙන්විය යුතුය, ඒවා ඉතා  මිල අධිකය. හිරු එලිය අඩු/නැති දිනවල මේවා විදුලිය උත්පාදනය කිරීමට විදුලි බලය අවශ්‍යවේ.

සුළං සහ සොලාර් කුඩා ව්‍යාපෘති වශයෙන් යම් ප්‍රදේශවලට විදුලිය උත්පාදනය කිරීමට යොදා ගත්තාට කමක් නැත. සොලාර් පැනල් හොඳින් හිරු එළිය පතිතවන ප්‍රදේශවල නිවෙස් ඒකක ආලෝකමත් කිරීමට කදිමයි.  නමුත් මුළු රටක, අති විශාල වූ විදුලි බල ඉල්ලුම ඒවාට සැපයිය නොහැක.

ජල විදුලිබලාගාර අසාර්ථක බව මුළු ලොවම දැන් පිළිගෙන ඇත. කළින් කීවාක් මෙන්, මෑතක සිට අධික වර්ෂාවක් ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට පතිත වේ. මෙය ජල විදුලි උත්පාදනයට මහත් වාසියකි. නමුත් කවදා නියඟයක් පැමිනෙන්නේදැයි කිසිවෙකුටත් කිව නොහැක. ඉදිරි කාල වලදී අනිවාර්යයෙන්ම නියං සමයන් පැමිණෙනු ඇත. අනික, ජල විදුලි බලාගාරවලින් උත්පාදනය කල හැක්කේ සොච්චම් විදුලි බලයකි.  

බිලියන ගණනින් වියදම් කර මහවැලියෙන් දැවැන්ත ජල විදුලි බලාගාර 8ක් තනුවෙමු – වික්ටෝරියා, කොත්මලේ, ඉහල කොත්මලේ, රන්දෙනිගල, උමා ඔය, රන්ටැඹේ,   බෝවතැන්න, මොරගහකන්ද, නිලාඹේ  ඒවා වේ. ඒ සියල්ලෙන්ම ජනනය කරන්නේ මෙගා වොට් 957ක විදුලි බලයකි (තනි නොරෝච්චෝලේ ධාරිතාව).

මහවැලි ජල විදුලියෙන් අප රටට පමණක් නොව ඉන්දියාවටද විදුලි බලය විකුණන බවට එදා පාලකයෝ වහසි බස් දෙඩූහ. මහවැලියෙන් සිදුවූ ඉඩම් විනාශය, පරිසර හානිය කියා නිම කල නොහැක. මහවැලියෙන් එළි කරන ලද කැලෑ භුමි ප්‍රමාණය හෙක්ටයාර 256,000ක් පමණ වේ. මෑතකදී නිම කරන ලද මොරගහකන්ද නිසා සමහරවිට ඊටත් වැඩි විය හැක. අලි- මිනිස් ගැටුම ස්ථිර ප්‍රශ්නයක් බවට පත් කලේ  මහවැලියයයි.  මහවැලිය නිසා ආදීවාසීහු ආගිය අතක් නැති වුහ.  ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ දේශපාලනයේ  මහා පරිමාණ මුදල් වංචා කිරීම, කොමිස් ගැහිලි, පටන් ගැනුනේ මහවැලියෙනි.

මහවැලි හැර සෙසු ජල විදුලි බලාගාර වලින්ද නිපදවන්නේ කුඩා මෙගා වොට් විදුලි බලයකි – සමනල (124), කැනියන් (100), කුකුලේ ගඟ (80), ලක්ෂපාණ (75), මස්කෙළිය (60), කාසල්රි (50), නොර්ටන් (50).

ජල විදුලිබලාගාර එම ජල මුලාශ්‍රවල සිටින සතුන්ට ඉතා අහිතකරය. ජල විදුලි බලාගාර නිසා අවට ජලයේ ඔක්සිජන් ප්‍රමාණය අඩුවේ. මේ නිසා ජල  ජීවින් එම ජලයෙන් අතුරුදහන් වී යයි. ජල මුලාශ්‍ර මැදින් යොදන කොන්ක්‍රීට් ඇනිකට් වැනි බාධක නිසා මාළුන්ට වතුරේ නිදහසේ පීනා යා නොහැක. විශේෂයෙන්ම ඔවුන්ගේ අභිජනන කටයුතු වලට බාධා සිදුවේ.  පොල්ගොල්ල, වික්ටෝරියා සෑදීමට පෙර කටුගස්තොට, පේරාදෙණිය, ලේවැල්ල, නත්තරම්පොත, තෙල්දෙණිය වැනි ප්‍රදේශවල මහවැලි ගඟේ ජල මට්ටම සෑම විටම ඉහලටම පිරී තිබුන බවත්, මෝරුන් තරම් ලොකු මත්ස්‍යයන් සිටි බවත් පැරැන්නෝ පවසත්. අද තැන්නේකුඹුර පැත්තේ මහවැලි ගඟේ වතුර නොමැතිව ගල් තට්ටු පෑදී ඇත.

අද පෞද්ගලික ජල විදුලි බලාගාර බොහෝමයක අයිතිකරුවන් දේශපාලනඥයන් සහ විදුලි බල මණ්ඩලයේ උසස් නිලධාරීන් යයි කියත්.

ජල විදුලි බලාගාරයක් තනනවා කියා කැළණි ගඟේ කිතුල්ගල ‘white water rafting’ ජල ක්‍රීඩාව නවතන තැනට කටයුතු සිදු කෙරිණ. මෙම ජල ක්‍රීඩාව සඳහා ලෝකයේ ඇති හොඳම ස්ථානයකි මෙය.

ඉහත සඳහන් ජල විදුලි බලාගාරවලට අමතවර අපට තාප විදුලිබල මධ්‍යස්‌ථාන කිහිපයක් තිබේ. මේවායින් ප්‍රාමාණික විදුලි බලයක් ජනනය කරගන්නෙමු. කැළණිතිස්ස (මෙගා වොට් 360), නව කැළණි තිස්ස (මෙගා වොට් 172) ඒවායින් ප්‍රධානය. නමුත් ඒවාට අවශ්‍ය ඉන්ධන (ඩීසල්) සහ ගෑස් වෙනුවෙන් අප වියදම් කරන්නේ ඉතාම අධික මුදලකි.

මෙගා වොට් 300ක් ජනිත කරන කෙරවළපිටිය ස්වභාවික ද්‍රව වායු බලාගාරය ඉතා හොඳය. ද්‍රව වායු ගල් අඟුරු වලට වඩා ඉතා මිළ අධිකය.

නිෂ්පල ලෙස දීර්ඝ කරන ලද අධිවේග වලට මුදල් වියදම් කරනවාට වඩා කලයුතු ව තිබුනේ සාම්පුර් වැනි අත්‍යාවශ්‍ය දේ සෑදීමයි.

ද්‍රනේජ් (drainage) මළාපවාහණ පද්ධති

තවත් අත්‍යාවශ්‍යම  දෙයක් වනුයේ මහ නගරවල (නුවර, අනුරාධපුරය, මීගමුව, ගාල්ල, මාතර, කුරුණෑගල, මඩකලපුව, පුත්තලම වැනි) ද්‍රනේජ් (drainage) මළාපවාහණ පද්ධති ඉදි කිරීමයි. මේ පහසුකම අද ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ තිබෙන්නේ කොළඹ සහ යාපනය මහ නගර සභා ප්‍රදේශවල පමණි. එදා, සුද්දා විසින් ඒවා ස්ථාපනය කර ගිය හෙයිනි.

ද්‍රනේජ් පද්ධති ඇතිවිට නළ මඟින් මළාපවාහන කෙලින්ම ගැඹුරු මුහුදට බැහැරවේ. නව තාක්ෂනය අනුව  බොහෝ විට මේ අපද්‍රව්‍ය ප්‍රතිචක්‍රීකරණය කර ඒවායින් බල ශක්තිය (විදුලි බලය) නිපදවනු ලැබේ.

එවිට, නිවෙස්වල වැසිකිලි වලවල් කැපීම අනවශ්‍යවේ. මළාපවාහන නිවසේ ඉඩමේ පොලව යට එකතු කර තබා ගැනීම නගරබද/ගම්බද සෞඛ්‍ය සම්පන්න ජීවිතයකට අහිතකරය. වැඩි වර්ෂාව ඇති විට මේ වැසිකිලි වලවල් ඉතා ඉක්මනින් පිරී අපද්‍රව්‍ය මතුපිටට පැමිණේ; මේවා පෑගීමෙන්, ස්පර්ශ කිරීමෙන් බොහෝ රෝගාබාධ ඇතිවේ/පැතිරේ.

බොහෝ දියුණු රටවල ප්‍රධාන නගරවල ද්‍රනේජ් ක්‍රමය ක්‍රියාත්මක වේ. 

Sarath Wijesinghe President’s Counsel (LLM International Law (UCL)), former Ambassador to UAE and Israel, President of the Lanka Ambassador’s Forum – United Kingdom, Former Chairman of The Consumer Affairs Authority, Solicitor in England and Wales.

War on drugs and organized crime
The war on drugs has recommenced once again. On previous occasions, successive leaders of the country started campaigns on drugs, bribery, corruption, and more, including the underworld. However, these efforts have been short-lived with no long-term results. We wish and hope that the same fate will not be the end result of this attempt; however, only a few will disagree. Those against the move would include drug dealers, the underworld, bribe-takers, godfathers of the underworld, and politicos who protect them.
What prompted the Minister and acting IGP to take these drastic steps suddenly is not our concern. It is a good deed that should have been started long ago, as the cancer has set into the entire body, possibly via body politics. It continues freely with blessings from organized wrongdoers in the backseat. How long this would continue is uncertain, as this is not the first occasion such public shows have started on previous occasions. The line minister and the acting IGP have enemies and many issues following them from courts, civil society, and media, which is normal when such a campaign is carried out. Whatever the reason may be, the right-thinking citizen approves whoever takes such steps.
There was a news clip in the media of people on the road requesting Hon. Sagala Ratnayaka as well as the line minister, Hon. Tiran Alles, and the acting IGP not to stop the campaign against the underworld and drug dealers in white collars or white clothes of politicos common man has identified as the godfathers mostly benefited, who are still in hiding. All peaceful and peace-loving citizens are on pins, fearing for their lives and property, with no relief and no hopes in sight. Uncertainties are affecting the life of the citizen, the image of the country, and the economy, already in the lowest ebb with inflation and the rising cost uncontrolled due to weak governance.
Common men or neighbors fear to complain about the culprits out of fear of death, as they show no mercy to informants, and the punishment is quick and severe—certain death and massacre of the family with no hesitation, as human value is so cheap. It is as easy as a contract killing promptly executed by drug addicts pleading for more drugs.
Despite the intentions of the initiative, the project (“Yukthiya”) program justice has given some relief and hope to the citizens in fear of underworld infighting, drug peddling, ransom in all scales, daylight robbery, and killings on the road, victimizing the young and old equally. We are not alone, as many countries go through the same or similar fate in different ways and degrees on various levels. The Philippines is a country that suffers from the same fate, and President Rodrigo Duterte took tough and drastic steps to fight against drugs and crime directly connected to law and order. This has shattered the peace and peaceful living of the citizens, followed by criticism worldwide, yet no solutions are given or proposed.
The USA, Nigeria, many Latin American and Asian countries, including India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and others, go through the same fate, helpless with no solution in sight. The fight against it is not local; it involves a powerful worldwide network with shipping airlines and worldwide organized crime groups and lords. The menace has spread and rooted far and wide with serious consequences in all corners of society, as citizens have now felt through experience that has reached their doorstep.
No one is safe at home or on the road due to theft and robbery committed by criminals, mostly drug addicts seeking drugs. Murders of innocent civilians are frequently reported in the media, often with a note indicating that a drug addict is responsible for the crime, which has become a common feature. Killings occur regularly in broad daylight on the roads, many of which remain untraced and
unresolved. Yet, detailed investigations reveal that drug addiction is often a root cause at a certain stage of the crime.
Among hundreds of tragic stories, one notable case involved an 11-year-old student who stole money from the class teacher to purchase the drug Ice. The police questioned the student until the person who introduced the student to addiction as part of his business was traced, leading to a thorough investigation. These incidents are occurring near schools, targeting long-term soft targets, highlighting the gravity of the dangers faced by society.
Crime, the underworld, and the drug trade are interconnected, demonstrating an elegance and connection to each other. All these activities involve networks and organizations, generally linked to each other in some form or another. The drug trade and the underworld are criminal activities with local and international networks connected to each other, involving substantial sums of money. All these networks are equally powerful.
The drug trade is an internationally powerful enterprise with drug-producing countries and a network of distribution via air, sea, land, and various other means, including links to human smuggling and the transmission of parcels and posts through modern IT developments. Drug lords often find safe havens with the enormous sums accumulated from drug sales, notably in Dubai, where investments of black money and living illegally are possible. Some operate from Dubai, India, and the West due to the inefficiency of Sri Lankan governance and officers, as well as gaps in the legal system, making the governance incompetent or unwilling to introduce and implement necessary measures.
Power and Links Worldwide
The drug trade is a powerful global phenomenon, especially in certain countries and regions where governments seem helplessly resigned to the situation. In Sri Lanka, we presume that the issue has escalated to a point requiring hard, honest, and definitive steps to curb or, at the very least, minimize the spread of this virus. The civil society is of the view that it may already be too late for the fight against drugs, which is directly connected to bribery and corruption, always backed by corrupt politicians without whom the drug trade would not survive.
The news on the fight against drugs is both worrying and horrifying, considering the scale of drugs and properties involved. This is obviously only a small fraction of the
sums possibly collected and continuously received through sea, air, and various other channels, with the leaders remaining elusive and showing no signs or clues of their whereabouts. Certainly, this illegal trade cannot flourish without the direct and indirect involvement of political godfathers playing a safe game with enormous sums in the system, of which only a minute fraction has been uncovered.
Despite the organized suppression initiated by the minister in charge and the acting IGP, the surge in killings, drug trade, and underworld activities continues unabated. Media and social media often report killings on the road by rival groups and the flourishing drug trade, indicating the internalization of the underworld with full cooperation and support from the drug and underworld lords, directly or indirectly through various means. Enormous sums illegally accumulated are showcased in the media, such as the recent finding of 3000 million in property and funds within a span of six days.
Drug and Underworld Lords, Corrupt Politicians, and Government Servants, and Security Forces
These groups, individually and collectively, are responsible for the misery and the plight of the unsafe, uncertain, and pathetic situation endured by citizens in their day-to-day lives. There are no signs of a promising future or a secure future for the country and the children whom they love dearly. The machinery employed in the fight against drugs and crime, allegedly involving corrupt politicians, security forces, and government servants known to be corrupt and inefficient, is a sad but true story that needs improvement and reform.
According to the Minister of Justice, 45% of the confiscated drugs are alleged to be converted into flour while in police custody. This revelation is both worrying and surprising. Additionally, 40,000 samples are awaiting orders for destruction, which may also possibly be turned into flour sooner or later, indicating the extensive reach and prevalence of the issue. This is a classic example of corruption and an inefficient mechanism through which the eradication process should be implemented.
The security forces fall under departments headed by politicians, forming part of the most inefficient government servants—a frustrated and dissatisfied group led by
corrupt politicians, indicating the magnitude of the struggle for justice and “Yukthiya.”
International Network on Air, Sea, Land, Cyber, and Others
The international network dedicated to various types of drugs is strong and organized, representing one of the most lucrative trades led by superpowers. It extends to many other crimes, such as human trafficking, gold and counter-smuggling, trade dealings, and modern high-tech practices like easy cash, commonly used by drug peddlers and ransom-takers. The international network of Sri Lankan governance appears to be weaker than the drug network, akin to the case of the LTTE network being stronger than the UN’s anti-terror campaign.
Detections at airports in various ways serve as proof of the large-scale illegal import of drugs, with culprits varying their strategies by exploiting the power of bribery and corruption, as seen in other parts of the world where the international network is actively operating. Illicit drug trade via the sea is facilitated in an island nation like Sri Lanka, where fishing is a major trade and proximity to India provides opportunities for communication with other sailors. The substantial bribery and corruption in the drug trade are capable of influencing the crews of ships and boats with large sums.
Despite media publicity on combating the drug trade and the underworld, there seems to be a lull in the rate of killings and illicit drug trade. However, it is uncertain how long this stability will last, given the existence of a worldwide network with over 30 culprits stationed in Dubai, India, and many other countries, actively collaborating with the local network. This extends to remand prisons, where easy cash and various other means are employed. It is high time to dismantle both the local and international networks with the assistance of states, international organizations, and like-minded citizens worldwide. Every citizen must be active and vigilant in the fight against drugs and the underworld.
While recent efforts have resulted in a temporary decline in the rate of killings and illicit drug trade, the sustainability of this progress remains uncertain. The presence of a well-established global network, with key players stationed in various countries, continues to exert influence locally, even within the confines of remand prisons.

by A. Abdul Aziz

As the world immerses itself in festive celebrations, a stark and harrowing contrast unfolds in the Holy Land. Here, there are no holidays, no family gatherings, only the relentless reality of conflict — a new year dawning much like the last. This scene of strife is not isolated; as we witness the turmoil in Ukraine, where the echoes of war reverberate, and the protracted suffering in Yemen, it becomes clear that the shadows of conflict are cast wide across our world.

While the West bedecks its streets with lights and nativity scenes, reimagining the ancient town of Bethlehem, the true Bethlehem endures a far different story. It is a narrative not of joy but of survival amidst unyielding strife. The shadow of the Israel-Hamas conflict looms large, with peace remaining an elusive hope.

In these trying times, the words of Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad, Supreme Head (Khalifa) of the World wide Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in Islam ring with profound resonance. He has solemnly warned time and again that the emerging political and economic landscape is pulling us towards another World War, underscoring the urgent need for nations to recognise their Creator and fulfil His rights and the rights of His creation to avert such a calamity. 

More recently, in his Friday sermon of 15 December, he urged Ahmadi Muslims: 

Continue to pray for the Palestinians. The extent of the oppression they are facing is reaching new heights, and it is, in fact, increasing day by day. May Allah Almighty create the means to seize the oppressors and bring relief to the oppressed Palestinians. May Allah Almighty also grant wisdom and understanding to the Muslim countries, so that their voices may unite and they strive to fulfil the rights of their Muslim brethren.” [Amin.]

Then again, in his Friday sermon on 22 December 2023, he said:

As I have been urging prayers for the Palestinians, pray that Allah the Almighty grants the world the ability to take genuine practical steps against oppression. Some voices have started to rise, and people are acknowledging and saying, ‘”This is indeed oppression.’ However, it seems that everyone is intimidated by the Israeli government or perhaps the Western world is inherently opposed to Muslims. Due to this hatred, they wish that the oppression of Muslims does not end, or perhaps the efforts that should be made are not being made in the right manner. They fail to see the innocent children, the oppressed women, and the elderly who are suffering under this tyranny. We cannot place much trust in them, but we should continue our efforts, keep advising them, and persist in our prayers.”

Thus, Ahmadiyya khalifa continues to advocate for Muslim nations to unite and amplify their voice against the Israeli government’s oppression. This path to unity is complex yet crucial, mirroring the struggles in other regions worldwide, where internal and external conflicts, from the Caucasus to the Horn of Africa, from the Great Lakes of Africa to the streets of Haiti, challenge communities and nations alike. A concerted effort from Muslim countries on the global stage could markedly shift the discourse towards justice and peace, in line with Islamic teachings.

In these tumultuous times, Ahmadiyya Head’s continuous guidance serves as a vital beacon for us Ahmadi Muslims, emphasising the necessity of steadfast prayer and a strong commitment to justice, not only for the Palestinians enduring oppression but for all those suffering under the shadow of conflict worldwide. His words are also an impetus for active engagement in raising awareness about the plight in the Holy Land and beyond. Hence, as Ahmadi Muslims, it is our responsibility to continue our fervent prayers as well as educate others through dialogue and outreach.

As the festive season ensnares many in the allure of consumerism, our focus as Ahmadi Muslims turns towards a more reflective path, especially as the New Year approaches. We are on the cusp of a familiar and cherished tradition in our Community (Jama’at), the congregational tahajjud  (a prayer after night prayer till pre-dawn prayer) observed on New Year’s morning across the Ahmadiyya Mosques the world over. As we enter the New Year, amidst these reflections, our hearts also turn towards the Annual Convention  (Jalsa Salana Qadian 2023), a spiritual gathering echoing the same message of peace, unity, and devotion. Let this congregational prayer and our participation in events like Qadian Convention (Jalsa Salana) fortify our resolve to not only raise awareness about the challenges in the Holy Land but also to actively contribute towards creating a world where the names of Allah and His Holy Messenger Muhammad (PBUH) reign supreme in every heart and where justice and tranquillity are not mere aspirations but tangible realities for all.

Source: Al Hakam – London.

Courtesy Adaderana

Minister of Health Ramesh Pathirana has called for a report from the Director of the Colombo National Hospital on the death of a patient, which is linked to the ostensible administration of high levels of carbon dioxide.

Recently, reports were rife that a patient under medical care at the Colombo National Hospital was mistakenly administered carbon dioxide instead of oxygen, leading to his death.

ඔක්සිජන් වෙනුවට කාබන්ඩයොක්සයිඩ් ? රෝගී කාන්තාව ට මරු කැඳවූ ජාතික රෝහලේ සිදුවූ වැරදීම ?

Courtesy Adaderana

Sri Lanka has seen more than 200,000 tourist arrivals in the month of December alone, Tourism Minister Harin Fernando said in a post on the social media platform X.

He noted that this is the highest number of monthly tourist arrivals the country has recorded over the past four years.

Figures in the weekly summary report published earlier by Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority (SLTDA) mentioned that 1,476,951 tourists have visited the island between December 01 and 28.

As such, the total number of tourist arrivals Sri Lanka has registered between January 01 and December 28 currently stands close to 1.5 million, at 1,466,556.

The Tourism Minister said the original target the government had set in January was to reach 1.5 million tourist arrivals by the end of 2023.

Sri Lanka saw only 719,978 tourist arrivals in the year 2022.

By Nishel Fernando Courtesy The Daily Mirror

Colombo, Dec 30 (Daily Mirror) – Central Bank Governor Dr. Nandalal Weerasinghe said yesterday any government could renegotiate the programme with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) but it would be required to follow the path chosen currently to get international support.

Addressing a press conference, he said if the chosen path is broken, no support will be forthcoming internationally.

The IMF programme began on September 1, last year. After disbursing the first tranche, it’s again negotiated what our commitments are before disbursing the next tranche. So, it will be a continuous process of renegotiation to change policies in a timely manner, whatever the government is in power for the next four years. There are no restrictions for that. But, the key element is we need to move forward with the programme in order to obtain international support,” he said.

He said the foreign governments and other commercial entities are extending the debt relief only on the understanding that this programme is moving forward.

We need to go in this direction, during this period of 10 years of debt restructuring. If that changes, they can also change their decision on the debt relief. So if this is broken, they can say we don’t support this any more. We will have to repay $6 billion per year in debt repayments,” he said.

His remarks came in the wake of certain political leaders, including Opposition Leader Sajith Premadasa vowing to renegotiate the IMF agreement in case they get back to power.

උපුටාගැණීම අද දෙරණ

Sarath Wijesinghe President’s Counsel (LLM International Law (UCL)), and Harini Premaratne LLB of West End Law Centre, Hulftsdorp, Colombo, Sri Lanka

Necessity for Any Nation, Regardless of Magnitude and Size
Small and medium enterprises are a necessity for any nation, developed or developing, serving as the cradle of economic activity in motion. Economic activity is managed by private and state sectors, with the private sector generally being the engine of any economy across most sectors. It plays a crucial part in the development and prosperity of the country, contributing to the global economic movement and serving as an incubator for upcoming emerging economies. SMEs are enterprises managed by small or big entrepreneurs or groups in various sectors, generally starting as village-based but later emerging as leading entrepreneurs. The definition is more complicated and comprehensive, depending on the country, size, the nature of enterprise investment capacity, and the number engaged.
The success of SMEs is proof of the necessity and usefulness of the economy, especially in emerging economies with an educated and enterprising labor force, such as Sri Lanka, which has internationally proven its capabilities by employing 10% of its population overseas, indeed a great achievement. SMEs play a pivotal role, constituting 75% of businesses and contributing to 52% of the GDP, with a significant presence in the employment sector in SME establishments. In the USA, 40% of GDP comes from SMEs.
Definitions and Guidelines
Each country and institution provide varied interpretations and guidelines for defining SMEs, yet the principle of the concept and applicability may be similar. This ranges from a village agricultural enterprise, a dental practice, a small bar, to a huge setup like Hayley’s and leading banks that started as small enterprises, such as George Steuart’s business in the 1800s, now a leading business leader in Sri Lanka.
The role of SMEs is varied and versatile, with the potential to be converted into large firms of innovative enterprise, initially with few employees and small capital but with a large vision. The role of human capital is crucial so that initial losses and difficulties can be absorbed, playing a vital role in any economy at any given time. The Export Development Board (EDB) requires SMEs to have a capital of 4 million and 50 employees, a very moderate, loose, and flexible requirement. The World Bank suggests the number of employees to be 49, and some banks expect fewer than 300 employees, which is reasonable and affordable for any SME engaged in innovations and productions in specific areas, promoting production, development, and the economy of a nation, contributing to the GDP.
SMEs are easy to initiate and manage, flexible with fewer complications and a limited staff aiming for achievements primarily based on human capital, as seen in SMEs in Israel, which can be used as a model to be studied and an example to be followed as successful ventures. Israel had 625,267 businesses, with 97.5% being with 60,000 created each year, as sole partnerships converted to limited enterprises with the help of the state, ever prepared to assist and promote.
Israel as a Role Model
Israel has direct links with the USA for exposure, especially in innovations and the hi-tech sector. The new innovators in Israel are generally backed by ‘ISMEA,’ the SME authority in Israel, showcasing the state’s active and supportive role toward innovators and entrepreneurs. Despite ongoing wars with neighbors, Israel continues to progress with developments and innovations, considering them essential for safety, protection, and overall development. With no natural resources, the country relies on scientifically based innovative human resources, transforming a barren land into a leader in agriculture and innovations. Israel guides world powers on technology, applying 95% technology in agriculture and utilizing ‘Kibutths’ (communes adopted by Israel since its creation in 1948 through dedication, innovations, and visions by visionary leaders) as incubators and mini SMEs.
SMEs are employed by nearly every nation in the development of their economies, serving as a medium and cradle for the development process led by innovators and entrepreneurs with a vision for both business and the nation. Indonesia boasts 295,270 SMEs per 1,000, spread countrywide, contributing to developments across various sectors as an emerging economy that utilizes SMEs as a vehicle. In Australia, 47 million enterprises exist, with 98% of businesses in the hands of SMEs during their initial stages. Meanwhile, 40% of the GDP in the USA is attributed to well-organized SMEs backed by the state. Across Asia, 90% of businesses are products of SMEs, contributing to the region’s economic growth and flourishing economy in the journey of the tiger.
Developments in Other countries
This is common in the EU, with 99.8% of businesses being SMEs, and many other countries exhibit a similar trend. London alone boasts one million SMEs, while Northern Ireland has around 121,800. Asia collectively has 71 million, and the UK has 5.6 million SMEs, contributing to the 90% worldwide businesses that fall under the SME category of 400 million worldwide. This indicates the widespread integration and utilization of the SME concept across the globe.
The critical question lies in whether and to what extent Sri Lanka is capitalizing on this successful opportunity for its benefit. Are there innovative and productive ways to apply this concept for the nation’s success? Sri Lanka can learn valuable lessons from countries like Thailand and Vietnam, where SMEs act as a vehicle for breaking cultural barriers and village backwardness, fostering entrepreneurship throughout the country. Collaboration with media, educational institutions, government outlets, chambers of commerce, and other groups is essential, all aiming at common goals for development and prosperity.
Way Forward
It’s time for Sri Lanka to emulate the achievements of other nations by leveraging the concept and application of SMEs for societal benefit. This involves fostering innovations, hard work, vision, and strategies based on a network of easily set up and maintainable SMEs. These businesses prove productive with a small capital, a limited number of employees, and less complicated infrastructure, thanks to their flexible mechanisms. State supervision, guidance, and organization can create a network linking to the worldwide SME network, enhancing the current structure to be more comprehensive and workable with aims and strategies developed by both state and private establishments.
However, SMEs face financial difficulties of a volatile and uncertain nature, particularly in unexpected circumstances on the financial and economic front. The issue of “Perata Executions” – the execution of the recovery process without going to court based on agreements entered into with establishments – has raised concerns. The recent judgment on a shortcut to loan recovery has resulted in the loss of existence for 1,188 SMEs, while 89% of micro and small SMEs are victimized in the recovery process under the Banking Act No. 430 of 1988 and the Recovery Loans Act No. 4 of 1990 to 1900 special provisions in force.
It’s crucial to note that 1.3 million SMEs, employing 2.2 million employees and contributing 50% to the GDP, need improvement in organization and protection for the sake of economic progress. The 1,200 “parate executions” have dealt a blow to SMEs in the recovery process from Covid-19 and the financial crisis. It is timely for the state to formulate a new vision, strategy, and plan of action for the urgent promotion of this concept as an essential need.
There should be a concerted effort by all state and private sectors, led by chambers of commerce and bodies like the EDB promoting exports and agriculture using SMEs as a medium. It’s time for Sri Lanka to actively participate in the worldwide SME chain, contributing to the process of global development and prosperity with joint strategies.

Sarath Wijesinghe President’s Counsel (LLM International Law (UCL)), former Ambassador to UAE and Israel, President Lanka Ambassador’s Forum – United Kingdom, Former Chairman of The Consumer Affairs Authority, Solicitor in England and Wales, and Harini Premaratne LLB of West End Law Centre, Hulftsdorp, Colombo, Sri LankaThe author can be reached at sarathdw7@gmail.com.

Ministry of Defence  – Media Centre

The relics unearthed from the Deegawapiya site during excavations and the Crest-Gem, which are in exposition around the island to provide devotees the opportunity to pay homage, are expected to be placed at Sri Sumanaramaya, Deraniyagala on December 31, ushering blessings on the Sabaragamuwa Province.

The Sacred Relics and the Crest Gem will remain at Sri Sumanaramaya, Deraniyagala on December 31 and January 01 for public veneration providing opportunity for devotees to obtain blessings of these revered articles during the dawn of New Year.

Later, the exposition will be moved to ‘Sri Swarnawalukaramaya’, Ruwanwella on January 2 and 3, and then to ‘Kabulumulla Rajamaha Paththini Dewalaya’, Karawanella on 4 and 5 and thereon to ‘Sri Susilodaya Maha Piriwen Viharaya, Dehiowita on 6 and 7.

Devotees have the opportunity to support the restoration work of the Deegawapiya Stupa by making financial contributions while worshiping the Sacred Omniscient Relics and Crest Gem of the Deegawapiya Stupa.

Prime Minister’s Media 

New Indian High Commissioner Santosh Jha called on Prime Minister Dinesh Gunawardena at the Temple Trees today (December 29). They held a detailed discussion on economic ties and cooperation between the two countries and examined ways and means of expediting the proposed joint projects.
They discussed the possibility of more Indian investments in the energy sector including solar and wind power, joint projects on Trincomalee oil storage tanks, ports, railways and other sectors.
The Prime Minister thanked India for the assistance provided to Sri Lanka to face the current economic crisis by extending debt restructuring facilities and providing relief material, food and medicine and also for the support given to obtain the IMF package to solve liquidity issues.
New High Commissioner Jha, recalling his tenure in Sri Lanka from 2007 to 2010 and said he consider it a great privilege to be in Colombo once again to work for further strengthening bilateral friendship and cooperation. He stressed the need for early steps to implement India-Sri Lanka Economic Partnership Vision and the 14-point program agreed by the leaders of the two countries.
My mission is to work with the people of Sri Lanka, for the benefit of Sri Lanka, under the guidance of Sri Lankan leadership,” he declared. He assured that Indian expertise will be extended to Sri Lanka for its plans for digital infrastructure development including introducing digital IDs for every citizen and for development of IT education.
MP Yadamini Gunawardena, Secretary to the Prime Minister, Anura Dissanayake and Deputy High Commissioner Satyanjal Pandey, Counsellor of Indian High Commission, Eldoss Mathews were also present during the meeting.

by Ramona Wadi Courtesy Middle East Monitor

Palestinians, living in the Bureij Refugee Camp, leave their homes with their belongings to proceed towards the city of Deir al-Balah following Israeli Forces’ asking them to leave the camp in Bureij, Gaza, on December 22, 2023. [Ashraf Amra – Anadolu Agency]

We cannot let the idea take root that an efficient fight against terrorism implies to flatten Gaza or attack civilian populations indiscriminately,” French President Emmanuel Macron stated a week ago. Israel, he said, should: Stop this response because it is not appropriate because all lives are worth the same and we defend them.”

Macron should be stumbling over his words. Early on, he was one of the first leaders to express complete support for Israel’s security narrative and was completely cognisant of the fact that the Israeli prime minister intended to flatten Gaza and attack civilian populations. This means that for Israel, France and the international community, all lives are not the same and not all lives are equally defended.

As Israel plans to forcibly transfer Palestinians to the Sinai and expects the international community to collaborate by taking in Palestinian refugees for resettlement in host countries, the lack of action over Israel’s ethnic cleansing plans mirrors the path taken during the 1948 Nakba, when Israel was rewarded with recognition as a state after it forcibly displaced 750,000 Palestinians to replace them with settler-colonists. In real-time, and as more details of Israel’s atrocities come to light, the United Nations (UN) is merely using Gaza as a talking point from a distance, repetitively stating that the forced transfer of a civilian population constitutes an international law violation. That much is obvious – does the UN require a round of applause for stating basic facts?

Read: Israel’s butcher’s bill is growing as never-ending conflict beckons

The 51st state? The US continues to shield Israel at the UN – Cartoon [Sabaaneh/Middle East Monitor]

Euro-Med Monitor has published a report that calls for the investigation of organ theft from killed Palestinians after medical professionals found several corpses were missing vital organs. Israel has been suspected in the past of organ theft due to its policy of holding the bodies of killed Palestinians in the Cemetery of Numbers in subfreezing temperatures, thus preserving the corpses. A CNN report dating back to 2009 states that organs were: Harvested from Palestinians and foreign workers.”

Among the more visible atrocities was the rounding up of Palestinian civilians on a football field in Gaza, which even mainstream media picked up. However, Sky News, for example, included a disclaimer beneath the video: The IDF has told Sky News the individuals detained are treated in accordance with international law.” Where is it inscribed in international law that stripping detainees naked, torturing them and summarily executing them is permissible? At this point, who is still taking the IDF’s rhetoric seriously? Either idiots or willing collaborators.

Take this video, where an Israeli soldier brags about killing a twelve-year-old girl and jokingly laments that there are no babies left to kill in Gaza. Are there any forthcoming excuses from entities and individuals supporting Israel’s ethnic cleansing? The IDF’s standard statements can no longer pose as a veneer for Israeli colonial violence, whether this is committed by the state’s institutions or individual acts. And international silence has been so consistent that the parameters for what constitutes a human rights violation or, indeed, a war crime have been expanded beyond recognition.

What we are witnessing in Gaza must not be separated from the UN’s deafening silence since 1948.

Courtesy NewsIn.Asia

Dec 29 (AdaDerana) – The economic crisis has left a profound impact on household finances, influencing both income and expenditure significantly, a survey conducted by the Department of Census and Statistics (DCS) has found.

The study titled Household Survey on Impact of Economic Crisis – 2023, also found challenges have prompted households to make strategic adjustments and implement coping mechanisms to navigate these trying times. 

Accordingly, a majority, comprising 60.5% of households, have reported a decrease in their total income, while 5.6% experienced an increase, and 33.9% saw no change despite the crisis.

During the income decline, households have employed various coping strategies, with 6.6% turning to secondary jobs or additional income sources. Notably, 73.6% did not adopt specific coping strategies. The economic crisis also led to changes in household expenditure, with 3.6% reporting a decrease, 91.1% indicating an increase, and 5.3% noting no change.

The survey report mentioned that the reasons contributing to decreased monthly expenditure were diverse, with 77.0% aligning expenses with reduced income. Among those reporting increased monthly expenditure, 99.1% cited rising food expenses as a significant factor. A substantial 97.2% of households employed at least one coping strategy to manage their expenditure, showcasing the diverse approaches taken to address financial challenges.

Amid one of the most challenging economic crises in Sri Lanka since gaining independence in 1948, the nation’s struggles began with the Easter Sunday attacks in 2019 and were compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic. 

The government responded with various measures to stabilize the situation. However, the economic downturn had a tangible impact on households, revealing the true extent of the crisis. Sri Lankan families faced numerous challenges in managing daily activities, including income constraints, meeting commitments, and ensuring the well-being of family members. 

Recognizing the importance of understanding household coping mechanisms, the Department of Census and Statistics initiated a comprehensive survey which aims to offer a detailed account of the strategies households employ to navigate economic challenges.

Attached below is the full report:

https://www.scribd.com/embeds/695270051/content

Courtesy ifad.org

©IFAD/Ruvin de Silva

Around the world, young people are bringing their ambition for success to rural communities. Meet two young rural entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka who are making a difference. 

Magical mushrooms 

When Nadeeshani was a child, she was fascinated by her parents’ mushroom farm, housed in a tiny mud hut. She dreamed of taking over from them and, after completing her schooling, she did. 

I became an entrepreneur because I didn’t want to work for anyone else,” says Nadeeshani. Thanks to a boost from the IFAD-funded STaRR project, she has kept the independence she dearly values. 

STaRR links rural entrepreneurs to training and finance. For example, Nadeeshani obtained loans from the state-owned Regional Development Bank, enabling her to double or sometimes even triple her production. She tapped into distribution chains and expanded her sales from small retail stores to national supermarkets. 

She also grew her range of products. Before, she sold four types of mushrooms, but now she prepares mushroom pickles, crisps and koki, a mushroom-flavoured biscuit. By adding value, she is bringing in higher returns and hopes to buy equipment to produce koki in larger quantities. 

Heavier rains caused by climate change have increased mushroom production, sometimes leaving Nadeeshani with more than she can sell. To prevent wastage, she has invested in a dryer to preserve the mushrooms. 

For Nadeeshani, the lesson is clear. Young women should get more involved in the agriculture business,” she says. There are always people like me around to help them become successful.” 

Her parents and sisters are helping her manage her growing business, and although their life revolves around mushrooms, they still look forward to a plate of delicious fungi, each done a different way.

Drive to succeed 

Twenty-five-year-old Supun Gamlath lives with his parents, sisters and a grandmother on their small family farm in southern Sri Lanka. His family has long been involved in agriculture, but the young college graduate wanted to take his career in a different direction, without having to leave his rural home. 

Supun found work painting cars, but it wasn’t until he applied for a loan through STaRR that he became the proud owner of his own garage, where he paints cars and motorcycles, making them good as new.  

Thanks to the loan, he invested in equipment, like a compressor and a polishing machine, which help him provide quality services to his clients and grow his business. 

But it’s the simple things that have enabled Supun’s business to flourish. Nobody likes their vehicle getting wet in the rain,” he says. Now that I have a bigger roof, that doesn’t happen anymore! I get more work and therefore more income.” 

These days, Supun earns up to triple the amount he used to before STaRR – and he has plans to do more. Instead of outsourcing small vehicle repairs, he wants to invest in equipment to do these himself.  

He’s also busy training other young people in his garage, managing his business profile on Facebook and spending his leisure time swimming off Sri Lanka’s famous beaches. And whenever he’s needed, he’s always ready to lend a hand on his parents’ farm. 

* 

Dynamic young people, like Nadeeshani and Supun, are crucial contributors to prosperous rural communities that can sustainably feed the world and keep their families resilient to shocks.

Courtesy The Hindu

The stamp is meant to recognise their contribution in establishing the island nation’s plantation industry and other infrastructure.

In possibly a first-of-its-kind initiative, BJP president J.P. Nadda will be releasing a commemorative stamp in recognition of the toil” of the Indian-origin Tamil community in Sri Lanka in establishing the plantation industry and other infrastructure in that country, 200 years after they first arrived there. The event will be held at the BJP’s headquarters in New Delhi on Saturday with the commemorative stamp to be received by Senthil Thondaman, governor of the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka.

Putting out a statement giving details of the event, BJP Tamil Nadu president K. Annamalai said that Prime Minister Narendra Modi considered Sri Lanka as a civilizational twin for India”. The commemorative postal stamp marking 200 years since the Tamil community of Indian origin arrived in Sri Lanka is a recognition of their toil in establishing the plantation industry and other infrastructure in Sri Lanka after being despatched to Sri Lanka by the British”.

He further said that Mr. Modi has earnestly undertaken several initiatives to ensure the welfare and development of the Indian Origin Tamil community in Sri Lanka” ever since he assumed office in 2014.

He added that the Modi government had sanctioned 14,000 houses in addition to setting up other facilities in areas where the Tamil population resides.

Furthermore, owing to India’s neighbour-first policy, about $4 billion worth of financial aid was extended to Sri Lanka when the country reeled from an unprecedented economic crisis,” he said.

Prime Minister Modi is untiringly delivering support to aid the wellbeing of lakhs of Indian-origin Tamils in the island country and the BJP has been striving to ensure their prosperity,” he said in his statement.

The event also assumes importance in the backdrop of the start of the second Kashi-Tamil Sangamam being held in Varanasi and Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s own trip to Tamil Nadu and Lakshadweep in the new year.

Ada Derana

Courtesy Adaderana

Sri Lanka’s overall rate of inflation measured by Colombo Consumer Price Index (CCPI) on year-on-year basis has increased to 4.0% in December from 3.4% in November.

Meanwhile, food inflation increased to 0.3% in December 2023 from -3.6% in November 2023, the Census & Statistics Department (DCS) said in its latest release.

Meanwhile, the year-on-year inflation of the non-food group dropped to 5.8% in December from 6.8% in November.

For the month of December, the contribution to inflation by food commodities was 0.10%, while the contribution of non-food items was 3.90%. The DCS said this was mainly due to the increases in value change in groups of housing, water, electricity, gas & other fuels, education, clothing & footwear, alcoholic beverages, tobacco & narcotic, recreation & culture, health and miscellaneous goods & services. 

A decrease in value change was reported for the groups of transport, furnishing household equipment and routine household maintenance, restaurants and hotels and health. Further, a very slight price increase was reported in group communication during the month.

The CCPI is an economic indicator constructed to measure inflation which is defined in percentage change in the CCPI over the year. There are two measures of inflation in general use. One measure is the year-on-year base or point-to-point inflation (the percentage change in the CPI during the last 12 months). The other measure is ‘moving average inflation’ (the percentage difference between the average price index of the last 12 months and the average price index of previous 12 months).

Colombo Consumer Price Index – December 2023 by Adaderana Online on Scribdhttps://www.scribd.com/embeds/695526158/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-yNenhGvqTGfKpiFBysQt

Courtesy Adaderana

Governor of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL) Dr. Nandala Weerasinghe has emphasised the importance of the continuity of the Extended Fund Facility (EFF) agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Speaking at a special briefing held this afternoon (29 Dec.), Dr. Weerasinghe explained that the EFF programme should continue for the next four years, under any government, in order to get the debt relief and international financial support required.

He warned that unilateral withdrawal from the IMF-EFF agreement will result in severe implications.

Dr. Weerasinghe was addressing a press briefing convened at the Central Bank premises on the Financial Stability Review (FSR) of 2023.

The CBSL recently released its report on FSR for 2023 which highlighted that although it is expected that the existing macro-financial vulnerabilities would dissipate in the period ahead, with the envisaged improvements in the macroeconomic front, continued advancement along the policy reforms agenda envisaged in the IMF-EFF agreement is essential to direct the economy and the financial system into stable grounds. 

In this vein, the report read: 

Any deviation from this path would bring detrimental and irreversible consequences to the financial system and the economy, though moving along this arduous and narrow path is challenging. The instigation and operationalisation of strong and appropriate frameworks that proactively address vulnerabilities and implementation of timely, well sequenced, and consistent policies is also crucial to ensure the stability of the Sri Lankan financial system.

As the economy undergoes a monetary policy easing cycle, the credit cycle is expected to enter an expansionary phase, in which macroprudential concerns could build-up. The Central Bank commits to monitoring these developments closely and implementing necessary policy actions to mitigate systemic risks and ensure financial stability through macroprudential interventions”

Courtesy Adaderana

Thailand’s Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin is scheduled to travel to Sri Lanka to sign a free trade agreement (FTA) in February 2024 after the successful conclusion of the latest round of negotiations between the two countries, Bangkok Post reported.

Chotima Iemsawasdikul, the Director General of Thai Commerce Department’s Department of Trade Negotiations, has told the media on Thursday (Dec.28) that Sri Lanka hosted the 9th round of trade negotiations from December 18-20. It was attended by Auramon Supthaweethum, the Director General of Thailand’s Department of Business Development and advisor to FTA negotiation team.

Negotiations for the free trade agreement between Sri Lanka and Thailand resumed in November after being put on hold for 4 years consequent to the Covid-19 pandemic and ongoing restructuring of Sri Lanka’s state-owned entities.

Iemsawasdikul stated that the latest round of talks have agreed on the rules on trade, services, investments and economic cooperation.

Citing Iemsawasdikul, Bangkok Post said the Commerce Ministry would submit the results of the negotiations to the Thai Cabinet for approval before PM Thavisin travels to Sri Lanka to ink the agreement in February, on the invitation of President Ranil Wickremesinghe.

Iemsawasdikul told media that Sri Lanka plays a significant role in maritime freight in the Indian Ocean, and it is home to abundant natural resources such as gemstones, graphite, and aquatic animals, adding that many industries in Thailand would benefit from the FTA, including those in the automotive, fashion, gems, metal, electronic items, machinery, rubber gloves, pet food, and corn.

The FTA will also benefit from service firms, including those in finance, insurance, tourism, and research and development.

From January to October 2023, the value of bilateral trade between Thailand and Sri Lanka was worth USD 320.37 million.

Thailand exported goods worth USD 213.49 million, while it imported goods worth USD 106.88 million from Sri Lanka.

Courtesy Adaderana

During the ongoing ‘Yukthiya’ operation, the security forces personnel have arrested over 1,400 more suspects on suspicion of drug peddling.

As such, a total of 1,467 more drug suspects have been placed under arrest within a 24-hour window ending at 12:30 a.m. today (Dec.29).

According to the Public Security Ministry, detention orders were secured for 56 suspects for further interrogations. Another 51 were sent to rehabilitation centres.

Meanwhile, 164 individuals who were on the list of Island Re-convicted Criminals are also among the recent arrestees.

Further, 460g of heroin, 653g of methamphetamine (‘Ice’), 3.63kg of cannabis, 562 narcotic pills and 103,793 cannabis plants were seized in the anti-drug operation.

Courtesy Adaderana

Over 10,000 cases of dengue infections have been recorded in the month of December alone, bringing the total number of infections reported in 2023 to 87,078.

Accordingly, 10,600 novel dengue cases were witnessed within this month alone, with the highest number of infections being recorded from the Colombo, Gampaha and Kalutara districts, as per health officials.

From the 87,078 dengue cases, 39,543 cases were registered in the Western Province.

Accordingly, Gampaha District saw 18,401 dengue cases, while Colombo District was not too far behind, with a total of 16,020 cases. The Kalutara District followed with 5,122 cases in total. Meanwhile, several cases were also observed from the Puttalam and Kandy districts.

It was also reported that three persons, including a university student and a 11-month-old infant died of dengue fever over the past few days.

Meanwhile, a total of 62 MOH areas have been categorized as ‘high-risk’ zones.