KAMALIKA PIERIS
Rev 7.3.20
There
are two opposing sets of views on the matter of the Tamil version. One group
firmly wishes to see the anthem sung only in Sinhala. It is imperative to sing the national anthem
in one voice not two, they said. A national anthem is a symbol of
unity.
When you
talk about a National symbol, be it a flower, animal or flag there can only be
one of them,” said Sandagomi Coperahewa. There can’t be two or three national
symbols. There may be two official languages, but the national anthem is one
symbol. If it is sung in a language other than Sinhala, there has to be a
Constitutional Amendment as well,” he said.
‘The national anthem of Sri Lanka should be
the original song sung in the language it was written in,’ said one commentator.’ That is Namo
namo matha and it was written to be sung in Sinhala. . Every citizen, whether Sinhalese, Tamil, Moor, Malay, Burgher,
or Veddah should sing in one voice in the language the anthem was written in,
in this case Sinhala’, added another
commentator, Stanley Gunaratne. A
reader commented,’’ Yes, one national anthem in Sinhala only’.
This
group dismisses the notion that
Tamils cannot think of themselves as Sri Lankan when the national anthem is in
a language that they cannot understand. Why can’t the
Tamils learn to sing the national anthem in Sinhala, asked one critic. If they
are able to learn other languages in the countries they live in now, why can’t
they learn Sinhala? They do not askthat
the national anthem of the countries they now live in be translated to Tamil so
they can sing it with fervor and loyalty.
There is no
need to sing the national anthem in Tamil as singing it in Sinhala is
sufficient, said Ravi Kumar , President
of Tamil Buddhist Association of Jaffna. There was no
demand from any Tamil in Jaffna to sing the National anthem in Tamils. It was
not an issue, said Rear admiral Sarath Weerasekera, speaking in 2016. When I was the commanding officer of the Karaingar naval
base in 1993 Tamils sang it in Sinhala at various functions. Today the north is all Tamil, and they have
with all impunity sung the national anthem in Tamil, he concluded.
These
critics point to India. India has Hindi and English as official languages but its National
Anthem is highly Sanskritised Bengali. It’s not even Hindi, but all Indians
sing it. In
India the national anthem is sung in only one language. All Indians sing it
regardless of whether they understand it or not. India stipulated that all
schools in India have to start the day with the national anthem.
India’s national
anthem was originally a patriotic song
written in Sanskritised Bengali, by Tagore, later adopted as the
national anthem. Even before independence the Bengalis had sung ‘Jana gana
mana’ at their rallies. The
Bengalis played a significant role in the nationalist struggle, more than any
other ethnic group. The Tamils did not play that kind of role in Sri Lanka.
The
national anthem should be multi lingual
said some. They suggested a single
national anthem with verses in
Sinhala and Tamil. A single
bi-lingual anthem, with verses in both Sinhala and Tamil. Let there be at
least a few lines in Tamil
incorporated into our national anthem, they said.
One suggestion is to sing one verse of the
national anthem in Tamil, whilst the balance is sung in Sinhala. The first two verses can be sung in Sinhala
and the last verse can be sung in Tamil. Then the entire anthem is sung by all
Sri Lankans, where the Sinhala speaking population sing the Tamil verse in
addition to the Sinhala verses, and the Tamil speaking population sing the
Sinhala verses in addition to the Tamil verse.‘Including a Tamil verse in the national anthem
will also help chauvinistic Sinhalese to remember that there are people other
than the Sinhalese living in this country’, said one commentator.
There
is also a request to sing the national anthem in three or four languages.
The anthem should be sung in at least 3
languages , English, Sinhala and Tamil said Mohamad Zaharan .
I personally would prefer that the national anthem be sung in four languages ,
including Arabic he added.
This will be then even understood by the
foreign dignitaries from other countries who will be attending this ceremony.
The other advantage is that it may even kindle the interest of people to learn
these languages. By singing it in three or four languages will give diversity
and ensure that people of other faiths are also given due recognition, ours
being a multi-religious, multi-racial and multi-ethnic country, Zaharan
concluded.
A
whole bouquet of examples have been given to justify singing the anthem in
Tamil. In South Africa, the national anthem of four stanzas is in five
languages, Xhosa, Zulu, Swasotho, Afrikaans, and English. First stanza is in Xhosa and Zulu,
two lines each, next stanza in Sesotho, third in Afrikaner, fourth in ‘English.
Canada
has English, French and a bilingual version. The lyrics in the English and
French versions differ in the Canadian anthem.
In the bilingual version beginning and end is
in English middle verse is in French. Canada has an Inuit version too. The national anthem
in New Zealand, the first verse in Maori and the second in English. In Belgium the national anthem is sung
trilingual in French, Dutch and German.In Suriname, national anthem has
two verses, one in Dutch and the other in Sranan Tongo.
Switzerland’s
anthem has different lyrics in each of the country’s four official languages
(French, German, English, and Romansh). Fiji’ has lyrics in English and Fijian
which are not translations of each other.
There were
other alternatives. Spain has no words at all
in its national anthem. In Spain the
national anthem has been played without words since 1978. In Singapore, there
are Tamil, English, Malay and Chinese people, but their National Anthem is sung
in Malay. National anthem is in Malay, because
Singapore was earlier linked to Malaysia. The Irish national anthem was
written in English. An Irish translation although never formally adopted, is now
almost always sung.
Those supporting a Sinhala only national anthem have dismissed
these examples. None of
these have any relation to Sri Lanka ,they said. Sri Lanka need not take new
nations such as Canada, New Zealand and South Africa as examples. Eight
of the countries with multilingual national anthems are in Africa, where there
is no record of land borders before colonization, they added.
They
also pointed out that the United Nations comprises 193 member
states. Less than 25 of these countries have multilingual national anthems. The
countries with monolingual national anthems
also have minority communities. But the national anthems of such
countries are invariably in the language of the majority community. Lastly, some countries, with bilingual
national anthems, such as Canada ,are about to break up.
Those who support the singing of the national
anthem in Tamil use strong language. It is injudicious and even the wicked
decision to sing the National Anthem only in Sinhala, they said.
In an already fractured society, it is
difficult to understand this suggestion
of departing from such a simple practice which could be so meaningful to substantial
groups. On the contrary, departing from it may convey a message which does not
augur well for our future progress as a united and peaceful society, they said.
But others decided to take a more conciliatory
line. We have only one National Anthem, and that is in Sinhala. What is sung at
the end of the official commemoration is only a Tamil language version of the
Sinhala Anthem. A Tamil version of the
National Anthem has been created for
this very purpose. This version is now
accepted andhas been in use for some time. ‘The Tamil
version has been in use from 1951 or so, and the practice was restored in 2015,’ they said.
This group decided to take an emotional approach, emphasizing music and song.
The content of the national anthem is universally appealing and can create an
emotional response in persons who differ in other respects. It is capable of
being a unifying force, said Friday Forum.
Listening
to the singing of the national anthem in either or both language is indeed a
moving experience. It is most moving when it is sung in our mother tongue or
both languages, said Devanesan Nesiah.
We
must voluntarily learn the national anthem in each other’s language, so we can
all sing it together, said Rev Duleep de Chickera. Far from banning
the singing in one language, we must ensure
that it is sung with dignity, in both languages, on Freedom Day and all
national occasions..
Satyajit Andradi
has looked at the music aspect of the anthem. Music is, in fact, the language
of emotions. It could break through language barriers as far as expression of
emotions are concerned. It builds bridges and binds people together, he said.
A national
anthem, like any other song, is a union of poetry and music. Hence, whilst the
musical element is critically important, the linguistic component should not be
under-rated. It is a widely accepted view that, a person is able to express her
or his innermost emotions through the medium of her or his native language
rather than through a different one. Hence, it is important that everyone be
actively encouraged to use their native language. Needless to say, this applies
in the case of singing one’s national anthem as well. Use of one’s native
language will stimulate creativity, whilst learning other languages would
enrich it further, continued Satyajit.
We celebrate the
fact that Sri Lanka is a bio-diversity hot-spot of the world. Likewise, why
cannot we celebrate its wonderful linguistic diversity? The Sinhala and Tamil
versions of the national anthem of Sri Lanka epitomizes the immense linguistic
diversity of the country. The native Sinhala speaker, who is not very
conversant with the Tamil language, would find it extremely difficult to
understand the Tamil lyrics. However, this is not a cause for disappointment or
alarm. On the contrary, it is a fact to celebrate. It speaks volumes of the
linguistic diversity of the country, continued Satyajit.
Singing our
national anthem in Tamil as well as in Sinhala at the official Independence Day
celebrations is a small but vital step in this journey. Let’s sing it with
devotion and enthusiasm in the two main native languages of our land – Sinhala
and Tamil. Let us also learn to sing it in the language of each other in the
near future, said Satyajit.
Satyajit however, makes doubtful observations
on the two languages. The Sinhala language, like Hindi,
Bengali, Marathi, and Nepali, is considered to be an offspring of Sanskrit, the
sacred language of ancient India. Sinhala is most probably the living eldest
daughter of Sanskrit, said Satyajit. He
does not say anything about the considerable
Sinhala literature.
Tamil , on the other hand, says Satyajit,
belongs to the Dravidian family of languages. Like Sanskrit, Tamil is an
ancient classical language of India. It possesses a great literature. Sinhala and Tamil have been spoken in the
country for more than two millennia,
said Satyajit, ending with a flourish,
this brief sequence of incorrect statements.
All sort of
woolly, sometimes incoherent, emotional
statements, including at least one howler were made by supporters of the Tamil
national anthem. Here is a selection.
**to sing our national anthem in both national
languages, does not undermine or desecrate either of them. To the contrary,
when we venerate Mother Lanka as one people, in both Sinhala and Tamil, we
demonstrate the magnanimity of our cultures in which our respective languages
flourish.
**What will the Sinhalese majority stand to
lose by allowing the Tamil version of the anthem also sung on the Independence
Day celebrations following the Sinhala version? In my view this is a simplest
gesture to show the Tamil brothers and sisters (who had suffered directly for
decades due to the war) that the majority Sinhalese can respect the Tamils’
desire to use their mother tongue to express their sentiments. .
**It is difficult to fathom why it has now
become necessary to deny Tamil citizens the privilege of praising our
motherland in song, in their mother tongue, especially when the convictions,
aspirations, and devotion are identical.
** The
Tamil community have been hurt so much on the language issue. Firstly in 1956
by not recognizing the Tamil language
The idea sown recently to sing the national anthem at Independence Day
celebrations in Sinhala only, is one such sad and recurring wound.
** The constitution provides for singing the
National anthem in Sinhala and Tamil, but this is not followed. The anthem says ‘eka mawakage….’ If we truly
believe that we are the children of one mother we must provide the opportune
for the Tamil speaking people to sing our national anthem in their mother
tongue.’ This is a howler. Children of
one mother will not speak in different languages.
** Other countries having ethnic minorities would
have been over the moon had a minority community expressed the wish to sing the
national anthem in their own mother tongue. It would have been a matter of
national celebration, joy and hope if a minority community once driven to take
up arms to establish a separate state on the country’s soil, attendant with its
own national flag and national anthem as the sole means of redressing their
perceived grievances, should now express their desire to sing with fulsome
heart in their own mother tongue the national anthem of the country from which
they wish to secede ( Don Manu)
**
ex-President Sirisena’s gesture to include the Tamil version also in the day’s
agenda spoke volumes to assure the Tamil populous that they were equal sons and
daughters of this blessed island and enjoyed the right in the same measure to
bask in the self-same rays of the Lankan sun as did the Sinhalese. The
President’s extended hand which was quickly grasped by the Tamil minority was a
long leap forward on the road to reconciliation between the two communities.The
message was sent to all that the sovereign state of Sri Lanka was an undivided
co-owned property.( Don Manu)
**
Furthermore, even as court proceedings are conducted in Tamil and English in
Tamil speaking areas in the north in the same manner Sinhala and English are
used as the medium of language in court proceedings conducted down south and
elsewhere where the majority language is spoken, so too is the national anthem
sung in Tamil in Tamil speaking schools in the north, and sung in Sinhalese in
the rest of the country. ( Don Manu)
** So what’s
the fuss? What’s wrong in singing the national anthem in Sinhalese and in Tamil
by the Tamils at an official function where both communities meet as but one?
Isn’t it far better and more meaningful for the Tamils to sing the nation’s
song in their own mother tongue which they can understand and sing with feeling
rather than merely give lip and sing the national anthem in Sinhalese in parrot
fashion? ( Don Manu) (CONTINUED)