Source :  AI Overview

The Vatican was associated with the Portuguese Inquisition in Goa and Ceylon (Sri Lanka), as it authorized the establishment of the Inquisition in the Portuguese territories and Popes sanctioned Portuguese conquests for the propagation of the Catholic faith. However, the Goa Inquisition was primarily an extension of the Portuguese Inquisition and operated under the authority of the Portuguese Crown, with significant autonomy from direct, day-to-day Vatican control. 

Key points of the association:

• Papal Sanction and the Padroado: The Vatican (Holy See) granted the Portuguese Crown the Padroado (patronage) through a series of Papal Bulls (e.g., Romanus Pontifex in 1454). This gave Portugal a monopoly on trade and the responsibility/right to propagate the Catholic faith in newly discovered territories in Asia and elsewhere.
• Establishment of the Tribunal: The Holy See granted permission for the Inquisition to be established in Portugal itself, which subsequently extended its operations to its colonies, including Goa, in 1560. St. Francis Xavier, a prominent Jesuit missionary, formally requested the establishment of an Inquisition in Goa in a 1545 letter to the King of Portugal to address what he perceived as heretical practices among “New Christians” and the “scandalous” behavior of some Portuguese colonists.
• Doctrinal Oversight: The Inquisition was a church court designed to maintain Catholic orthodoxy and fight heresy, aligning with the broader goals of the Counter-Reformation as defined by the Council of Trent.
• Operational Control: While the Grand Inquisitor in Portugal was appointed by the Pope, they were chosen by the King, giving the Portuguese Crown significant control over the institution’s operations both in Portugal and its colonies. The actual implementation and its often brutal methods in Goa were carried out by Portuguese colonial administrators and clergy.
• Ceylon Connection: The religious jurisdiction in Ceylon fell under the Archbishopric of Goa through the Padroado system. This connection remained until the late 19th century when the Holy See, through the Congregation of Propaganda Fide, began appointing Vicars Apostolic directly, thus ending Goa’s jurisdiction in Ceylon. 

In essence, the Vatican provided the overarching mandate and authorization for the Inquisition and the missionary enterprise in the Portuguese Empire, but the specific, often harsh, implementation in Goa and the broader colonial territories was managed by the Portuguese state and local church officials under the Padroado system. 

Source :  AI Overview

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see also

PORTUGUESE – The Untold Invasion of Sri Lanka | AI Documentary

The Portuguese Inquisition in Sri Lanka

Sinhalese Kings | King Seethawaka Rajasinghe 1 (පළමුුවන රාජසිංහ රජතුමා)

පළමුුවන රාජසිංහ රජතුමාhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uo9kHhTaS_o