Senaka Weeraratna

The German Dharmaduta Society (GDS) recently held a book donation event for the children of Udaragama Primary School, a remote school located in the Medirigiriya District of Polonnaruwa. The donation included exercise books and CR books, essential for the students’ education.

The event was spearheaded by Ven. Pelane Dhamma Kusala Thera, the Chief Monk of Das Buddhistische Haus (Berlin Maha Viharaya) in Germany, with funding collected from his international donors, known as dayakayas. This marks the second annual book distribution event initiated by Ven. Dhamma Kusala Thera, with the first taking place at a different school in Polonnaruwa in December 2023.

The distribution event was coordinated by Keminda Silva, the long-serving Administration Secretary of the GDS. The guests at the ceremony included Senaka Weeraratna (Secretary, GDS), Priyanka Denukedeniya (Principal, Udaragama Primary School), WAS Wejarthna (Principal, Mahinda Maha Vidyalaya, Medirigiriya), Peggy Moeller (German National and Buddhist Social Worker), Wickrama Jayawickrema (TV and YouTube Programme Producer), S Dhammika Silva (wife of Keminda Silva), and the Members of the Udaragama Primary School teaching staff.

As part of the welcoming ceremony, the school children performed several musical items. Refreshments, including a traditional plant-based vegetarian lunch, were served to all attendees.

During the event, Senaka Weeraratna delivered a speech and donated copies of the recently published book 100 Years Das Buddhistische Haus,” which commemorates the centenary of the founding of Das Buddhistische Haus (1924–2024), to the Principals of Udaragama Primary School and Mahinda Maha Vidyalaya, Medirigiriya.

A large number of students and parents were present to witness the occasion. A group photograph captured the officials of the German Dharmaduta Society alongside the staff of Udaragama Primary School.

Courtesy Hiru News

The Ministry of Industries and Enterprise Development has announced that a total of 13,698 businesses across the country have been affected by the recent emergency disaster situation.

Information regarding these affected enterprises has been received by the Industry Disaster Support Centre (IDSC).

Of the 13,698 businesses impacted, 5,639 are micro-scale, 4,636 are small-scale, 2,986 are medium-scale, and 437 are large-scale enterprises.

The Ministry is urging all affected industrialists to submit their details to the data system as quickly as possible. The deadline for submitting this information is 2:00 p.m. on December 16.

Information can be entered via the Ministry’s website at www.industry.gov.lk.

To facilitate the process, the Ministry has introduced the telephone number 0712666660 for industrialists to provide information regarding their affected industries.

Support can also be obtained from the relevant Ministry officials at the Divisional Secretariat and District Secretariat levels where the business is located.

By Dr Kalinga Seneviratne

The World Fellowship of Buddhists (WFB), which was founded by Dr G.P Malalasekare and was originally headquartered in Colombo, celebrated its 75^th anniversary with a general conference in Bangkok earlier this month, attended by about 500 Buddhists from across Asia and some from the West. But, disturbingly, the memory of Dr Malalasekare and even that of Sri Lanka, is being systematically wiped out, projecting the WFB as a Thai organization led by Thais.

This has happened because of inactivity by Sri Lankans within the WFB for over a decade, and also a desire by the Thais to project the organization as a Thai-led global Buddhist fellowship project. At the opening session of the conference an AI-generated glossy video presented the history of the WFB that only had a passing reference to Sri Lanka as where it originated, but no mention of its founder Dr Malalasekare. The video gave focus to the adoption of the 6-colour Buddhist flag as a global icon of Buddhism. It would have been a decent thing to do to pay some homage to Dr Malalasekare for his untiring efforts to make it so.

At a formal session of the general conference, when the Vice Presidents of WFB were given the floor to speak, Japanese, Korean and Chinese spoke, but Sri Lanka was missing. This reflects a monumental failure of Sri Lanka, in the past decade, to give itself a voice within WFB, and assertively resist attempts to marginalize its role within the organization. Just getting your name into a standing committee and taking a trophy” picture with the president at the end of the conference is not the way to go.

An article transmitted by the Malaysia-based Buddhist Channel[1], a few days before the WFB conference, gave a scathing account of the rot that has set in at the WFB. A shadow has fallen over our shared ‘World Buddhist’ spiritual home’, the article noted. For some time now, whispers and then shouts have echoed through our global community, pointing to a deep-seated malaise within the very organization entrusted with nurturing the Buddha’s teachings.”

Allegations of corruption, financial opacity, favouritism, and a profound inactivity in the face of our mission are no longer deniable,” the article went on to explain the malaise, pointing out that the organization is now shunned by both the Thai Royalty and the Government. They asked: How do we, as followers of the Buddha, address such profound failure?”

After failing to secure the presence of a member of the Royal family to grace the opening of the 75^th anniversary conference, an official of the cultural ministry delivered a short message from the Palace. This year, there was no message from the President of Sri Lanka, as traditionally done to acknowledge WFB’s origins.

Dissatisfied with the organization and its lack of transparency, many long-time members of the WFB did not turn up at the anniversary meeting. But, many others within the organization, who are concerned, including some members of the executive committee, have formed a transformational committee” led by a Nepali, Mr Padma Jyoti in March. He presented to the conference a strategic framework for transforming WFB”.

The framework advocates engaging the existing members more actively and attracting young members to WFB by leveraging digital platforms for content generation, outreach, and building a closely-knit fellowship. It has also called for a more professional secretariat, and setting up information dissemination networks among members via the secretariat. These are some of the main recommendations among many that addressed the lack of transparency, financial accountability, and space for members to discuss issues.

 As pressures grow across South and Southeast Asia, Buddhist communities face increasingly political challenges, while climate change is becoming an existential threat, especially for largely agrarian populations now exposed to deeper poverty, predatory micro-credit, and aid-driven evangelical conversion. In its current state, the WFB is not equipped to respond,” argues Mr Thusitha Perera, ACBC (All Ceylon Buddhist Congress) representative to the WFB conference.

The World Buddhist University (WBU) is the affiliate body of the WFB that should tackle these issues as a Buddhist think tank. But, it is defunct at the moment, since the departure of its rector about a year ago over a dispute with the President about financial accountability issues.

I was involved with its former director of research Dr Tavivat Puntarigvivat in 2018 where I researched the issue (Mr Perera pinpointed) in Sri Lanka and published a book title The Scourge of Poverty and Proselytism”. We had planned to do follow up reports on Laos, Cambodia and Myanmar. But, after Dr Tavivat left WBU over a dispute with the President, the research unit collapsed and no funds were available for such research.

The WFB secretariat, located in a prime real estate in the center of the city in Bangkok, is a White Elephant. It has two good auditoriums, a meeting room, a museum and a library, all gathering dust. They hardly organize activities there. The WFB constitution doesn’t have proper guidelines on how to manage and protect this asset.

At the general conferences, members hardly get an opportunity to speak and air their views. But, this time, space was given, but at the very last session of the conference. That was after both the Malalasekare Foundation (MF) and ACBC wrote to the secretary general before the conference, pointing out a constitutional clause, we demanded the five-minute speaking slots allocated there as a right and not a privilege. I spoke on behalf of MF and Dr Palitha Kohona spoke from ACBC. Such voices of Sri Lankans from the podium were lacking in recent WFB meetings.

In my presentation, I emphasized that the WFB is an international NGO and does not belong to any one country, and that the President and the Secretary General need not be Thai. I also pointed out, that there is no need for a physical headquarters building these days for an international body like this in the Cyberspace age, where meetings could be conducted via platforms like Zoom. But, periodical physical conferences like this are important for fellowship.

ACBC nominated Dr Khona to a Vice President post to liaise with the UN system, and MF supported the nomination. The secretary general informed us before the conference that 6 vice presidents’ posts will be up for election, but at the conference they said the current VP’s term will end only at the next general conference in 2 years. Instead, elections were held for 8 positions for the executive council, but it lacked transparency, and no independent scrutineers were present at the counting. Thus, no Sri Lankan was able to get elected. It is doubtful if all the Sri Lankan delegates voted for their own.

There are a number of Standing Committees (SC) at WFB where there are some Sri Lankan representations. But, these SCs are a joke. They appear and disappear between general conferences after the photo opportunities are over. Hardly anything worthwhile is done in between. The transformational committee has recommended a streamlined system to bring them into the mainstream of WFB work.

There are serious issues regarding transparency, with the WFB being run like someone’s private company. The budget presented was not available for detailed discussion. It needs to be circulated in advance, so that it can be carefully studied by members,” notes Dr Kohona.

The budget was presented as a slide projected to the screen during a plenary session, and it was for 2022-2023. The ACBC questioned an allocation of 1 million baht for Sri Lanka in the budget, and no clear explanation was given.

Management needs to be more transparent,” argues Dr Kohona. Too many things are decided and done privately without the involvement of the members”.

This is exactly the concern of many dissatisfied members, and  even a number of office bearers of WFB, I privately spoke to. But, many feel that it is not Buddhist to confront. However, the Buddha has encouraged questioning, if you are not sure, as he prescribed in the Kalama Sutra. So, when transparency issues are there, should Buddhists be quiet?

 *  Dr Kalinga Seneviratne is the international affairs consultant to the Malalasekare Foundation and a Research Fellow at Shinawatra University in Bangkok. He has monitored the activities of the WFB closely over the past decade, and has visited the secretariat often for discussions with the President and Secretary General as an independent Asian Buddhist. 

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[1] https://buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=8,13659,0,0,1,0

Palitha Ariyarathna

The television documentary Udumbaragiri – Dumarakka Pabbatha, Dimbulagala, Palatiyawa unfolds as a cinematic journey into one of Sri Lanka’s most sacred landscapes. Directed and produced by Sri Lanka National Artiste Athula Srilal, the film is both a historical retelling and a cultural awakening, weaving together royal chronicles, Buddhist monastic traditions, and indigenous voices.

The story opens with the dream of Queen Mahasundara Devi, who envisions the Waduga Nayakkar royalty of Senkadagala in regal attire. Her devotion is remembered in chronicles that describe her offering of five hundred stone cells and images to the Sangha at Dimbulagala, a gesture that ensured the continuity of Buddhist practice. The film also recalls King Pandukabhaya, the first monarch to unify Anuradhapura, who recognized the Vedda people as part of the kingdom’s social fabric. His reign established shrines and settlements that honored indigenous traditions, bridging myth and nationhood.

A powerful scene from Udumbaragiri – Dimbulagala Legacy, with Athula Srilal embodying the king, standing beside the queen in regal attire.- © 2025 Udumbaragiri – Dimbulagala Legacy. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction, distribution, or exhibition of this film or any part thereof is strictly prohibited.

At the heart of the narrative lies Dimbulagala, historically known as Udumbaragiri, a ridge that has served as a monastic citadel for centuries. Here once stood the Kassapa Pirivena, a great university of Buddhist learning. Historical records suggest that monks and even princes from abroad, including Thailand, studied at this site, where eighteen languages were taught. Today, the Pirivena lies in ruins, but its stones still whisper of a time when Sri Lanka was a hub of international scholarship.

The film also traces the eighteenth‑century revival of the Upasampadā ordination, when Sri Lanka’s monastic order had declined. With the guidance of Weliwita Sri Saranankara Thero, King Kirti Sri Rajasinghe invited monks from Thailand. The arrival of Upali Maha Thera re‑established the higher ordination, giving birth to the Siam Nikaya and securing the survival of the Sangha.

Polbadda Wadda is one of the indigenous Vedda communities of Sri Lanka, closely tied to the heritage of Dimbulagala.© 2025 Udumbaragiri – Dimbulagala Legacy. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction, distribution, or exhibition of this film or any part thereof is strictly prohibited.

© 2025 උදුම්බරාගිරි – දිඹුලාගල උරුමය. සියලු හිමිකම් ඇවිරිණි. මෙම චිත්‍රපටය හෝ එහි කොටස් කිසිවක් නීතිවිරෝධීව පිටපත් කිරීම, බෙදාහැරීම හෝ ප්‍රදර්ශනය කිරීම තහනම්ය.

Filmed across Dimbulagala and Polbadda Wadda, the documentary honors the Wanniyala‑aetto, Sri Lanka’s first people. Their presence in caves, rituals, and oral traditions is woven into the narrative, reminding audiences that the island’s heritage is not only royal and monastic, but also indigenous and ancestral.

The production brings together a distinguished team. Photography was led by Ananda Deegala, Jayakody, Rajanayake, and Pasindu Navaratna. The cast includes Athula Srilal, Sheren Malsha, Kalhari Savandi Malsha, Thakshila Dilrukshi, Siriyawathie, Ratina, Alexander, Sudeshani Karunaratna, and Desapriya. Religious authority is provided by Venerable Dibulagala Mahanayaka Vijithalankara Thero, Chief Incumbent Siriyalanka Thero, and Honour Ariyawansa Thero. My own contribution as film editor and post‑production editor included archival recovery, audio and video remastering, final arrangement, and creative advice, alongside music and flute composition for the song Gi Tharuwa Oba.

© 2025 Udumbaragiri – Dimbulagala Legacy. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction, distribution, or exhibition of this film or any part thereof is strictly prohibited.

Udumbaragiri – Dimbulagala Legacy preserves the sacred history of Sri Lanka’s kings and queens while honoring the Vedda natives, including the first native Buddhist monk, son of Appuhami Uruwalge. It is both a documentary and a cultural act of remembrance. Looking ahead, we are preparing to film Gabina, a new heritage project with a larger budget and expanded production scale, which will deepen the exploration of indigenous voices and historical memory, positioning Sri Lanka’s heritage on the global stage.

Special thanks are extended to the indigenous community of Polbadda Wadda, to Siriyawathie as the first representative actress, and to all members of the community who contributed to this cultural legacy.

By Palitha Ariyarathna

Watch Film:

https://youtu.be/Ji7gmdGFpp0?si=MgWvCsUGfM1SW5Oz

Professor Nishan C Wijesinha 

Janaka Perera saw action against JVP communist insurgents in 1971 and steadily rose through the ranks being promoted Lt Col in 1986 and later, as a Colonel was the chief instructor at the Sri Lanka Military Academy. During the second JVP insurgency of 1987-89 he headed an operation which resulted in the capture of the JVP leader and he was promoted to Brigadier in 1989. 

On 28 June 1995 Tamil Tiger forces launched an attack on four army camps near Weli Oya using female suicide bombers as the spearhead. Perera, the local commander, led a disparate group of reservists, national guardsmen and support troops and routed the insurgents killing over 300 for the loss of only two Government troops. The control of the battle was a masterpiece of combined operations with the rebels attacked by both strike aircraft and fast patrol boats.

Soon afterwards, Perera took command of the elite Reserve Strike Force and later 53rd Division which was responsible for the recapture of the Jaffna Peninsular from Tamil Tigers. Initially advancing on a narrow front to minimise civilian casualties, as the battle developed, he committed three brigades to attack the enemy from different directions leaving them unable to coordinate a defence.

Promoted to Major General in 1996 a series of high-level appointments followed culminating in Chief of Staff of the Army in 2000. Overlooked for promotion to Army Commander, Perera retired the following year and was made High Commissioner to Australia while Several hundred Tamils protested outside the Parliament building in Canberra protesting against the appointment of a man they regarded as a war criminal. Four years later, he was appointed High Commissioner to Indonesia. 

On retirement from the Diplomatic Service, he turned to politics with the United National Party.  On the 6th of October 2008 a suicide bomber targeted the UNP office in Anuradhapura where Major General Janaka Perera  and his wife were killed in the blast. 

The government put the entire blame on the LTTE but the truth remains that it was a plot within the Army to oust him being becoming more popular and powerful than many within the higher ranks.

(“Voice for Truth” by  Professor Nishan C Wijesinha.)

Dr. Abhishek Gandhi Advocate, Delhi High Court Home Our Team Contact

 The environment is not collateral damage. It is a new front line of hybrid warfare, and defending it is quite literally defending life itself,” — Ruslan Spirin, a Ukrainian diplomat based in Kyiv.[i]

US Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Allison Hooker arrived in Sri Lanka December 11, on an official visit.  US C-301 Hercules Planes also used in cloud seeding were on the ground in a Sri Lanka Air force base—unprecedented and concerning developments in the historically Non-Aligned geostrategic Indian Ocean Island nation.

The Environmental Modification Convention (ENMOD), formally the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques, is an international treaty prohibiting the military or other hostile use of Geoengineering and environmental modification techniques.

ENMOD opened for signature on 18 May 1977 in Geneva and entered into force on 5 October 1978.

ENMOD emerged from concerns raised in the international community over US weather warfare, specifically Operation Popeye, a Cloud Seeding Operation to flood Vietnam and the Ho Chi Minh trail during the Vietnam War. Cloud seeding was used to extend the monsoons in the hope of drowning in Mud the Vietnamese troops fighting American military in South Vietnam in the 1970s, and impeding their supply chains.

Recently, the Indian Ocean region with South and Southeast Asia being the Growth Centers of the world in the Asian Century has again become the epicenter of hybrid warfare including Monsoon geoengineering with weather modification technologies greatly enhanced by the use of Drones. 

The last week of November 2025 saw monsoon related weather warfare in Sri Lanka just as the geostrategic Indian Ocean country was hosting Indian, Russian and other Indian Ocean Navies for a Fleet Review celebration of the Sri Lanka Navy’s 75^th anniversary.  Ships from Malaysia, Maldives, Pakistan and Bangladesh were also participating.

 The ‘cyclone’ named Ditwah hit two days before the Fleet Review on November 30, and effectively aborted the event.

Ditwah had a very mysterious pincer trajectory across the geostrategic island, already caught in an IMF Eurobond debt trap. Ditwah inflicted maximum damage to strategic transport and energy infrastructure and cities deepening the economic crisis.

Ditwah originated in Arugam Bay, where the US Ambassador had the previous year predicted terror attacks perhaps also given the settlement of Israeli tourist on the southeast coast, and then headed West across the central hill country to Kandy and then mysteriously turned around and went northeast to Trincomallee only to dissipate before landfall in South Indian, It’s impacts were even more mysterious than its trajectory–designed to destroy the country’s resilience.

Plausible Deniability: Hybrid War or Climate Change in the Faux Anthropocene

Ditmar’s ferocity was blamed on climate change” rather than on Geoengineering, hybrid and weather warfare in the Indian Ocean World, and masked by the faux Anthropocene narrative which has become a front for many distortions and Climate Disaster Capitalism including Green, Blue bonds and scams based on spurious Carbon credit calculations. Meanwhile, climate disaster insurance has become a financial growth sector the world over at this time.

The UN’s faux Anthropocene which was debunked in 2024 after 15 years of debate by the International Union of Geologists experts panel which rejected the official proposal to formalize the Anthropocene as Earth’s new geological epoch bringing an end to the current Holocene, has been effectively buried.  This has enable the weaponization and financialization of Mother Nature for Green and Blue Sustainability Bond Scams via the Climate Boiling narrative and the UN’s permanent ‘polycrisis’.

Hybrid warfare is designed to enable Plausible Deniability, but Geopolitical Developments in India and the Indian Ocean region provide context to the timing of the monsoon related weather disasters in South and Southeast Asia at this time.

Two days before Ditmar arrived in Sri Lanka a mysterious Ash cloud blew over New Delhi from a Volcanic Explosion in Ethiopia Nov 25, 2025. The Hayli Gubbi volcano blew in the Afar region, after 12,000 years sending an Ash Cloud to India. This was just as India was pivoting once more to Russia’s orbit with preparations ongoing for the December 4 State visit of Russian President Putin due to land in New Delhi to expand and widen trade and defense corporation. The Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Agreement (RELOS) providing access each other’s ports and airports was also signed.

No Mention of Geoengineering Weather Warfare at UN Cop Summits

Remarkably, few in the UN’s climate crisis Conference of the Parties (Cop) Summits ever mention the grave threat of geoengineering and weather warfare, distracted with targeting and blaming the fossil fuel lobby.  

While state parties may avoid mention of the military business industrial complex it is puzzling that the gravy train of NGOs and civil society climate activists ever refer to ENMOD or the environmental pollution caused by the war machine – the tanks, bombs, mines, submarines, aircrafts, missiles, drones, aircraft carriers.

Indeed it appears that the United Nations under the current Secretary General Antonio Guterrez has abdicated the UN’s primary responsibility of maintaining World Peace. Rather, the UN seems to be drawing it its own rhetoric of Permanent Global Polycrisis” and Climate Crisis Gaslighting, enabling Humanitarian Disaster Capitalism and the UNDP to market Green and Blue Bonds scams with, Debt for Nature Swaps or sustainability bonds, while the Electric Car companies and solar panel manufactures benefit from the Climate crisis narrative, while mining rare earth to cause more climate crisis!

Indeed, few of the UN’s CoP regulars seem to have ever heard of ENMOD at a time when the damage cause by wars and the Military Industrial Complex to the earth far exceeds any other industrial source of pollution to the planet. The recent UN CoP Summit in Belem was silent on the threat of weather warfare and the environmental impacts of the US military business industrial complex/ war machine which hit a trillion-dollar budget this year. The US is the largest military business industrial research and development complex by far. 

While technologies such as cloud seeding date to the 1970s, generating earthquakes and tsunamis with nuclear and hydrogen bomb explosions was done by the United States in the Bikini Atol of the Marshall Islands in the early 1950s. The Bikini Atoll remains contaminated and is uninhabitable.[ii]

In 2004 The Indian Ocean was hit by a n earthquake and tsunami off the coast of Sumatra, particularly Ache Province, Thailand, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. Curiously, the monsoons of 2025 also hit the same countries and inland rather than coastal communities and there was simultaneously a Tsunami warning issued! Remarkably, after the 2004 Asia tsunami the QUAD targeting China and the CIA’s String of Pearls” came into existence.

Now in Sri Lanka with 60 US air force officers purportedly for humanitarian aid, the C-130 Hercules aircraft that flies into storms, including the specialized WC-130 weather reconnaissance variant, have been used for cloud seeding operations. The aircraft is valued for its durability, large cargo capacity, and ability to operate in diverse conditions. [iii]

At this time, questions remain about how long the two giant C-130 Hercules Planes and US troops would be in the geostrategic Indian Ocean island nation?

The current faux-Leftist National Peoples’ Power (NPP) regime’s recent agreements with the United States which has enabled the US to land in Sri Lanka military bases and bring troops in an unprecedented manner into the geostrategic Indian Ocean Island nation.

History may be repeating itself as India returns to Russia’s orbit as during the Cold War, while Sri Lanka is drawn into the US orbit. Back in 1977 this led to an internal Cold War proxy war ‘ethnic conflict’ between the Sinahla and Tamil linguistic communities that had oexisted for centuries and inter-married for generations.

ENMOD Convention

The Convention bans weather warfare, which is the use of weather modification techniques for the purposes of inducing damage or destruction. The Convention on Biological Diversity of 2010 would also ban some forms of weather modification or geoengineering.^[3]

Is it an accident that in an era of Unnatural Natural Disaster such as so-called Cyclone Ditwah that recently hit US dollar Eurobond-debt trapped in Sri Lanka, few environmental activists and NGOs on the green gravy train I know of the history of Geoengineering and weather warfare by the United States in Vietanam and the Pacific Ocean?

and other flashfloods that hit the same countries that were struck by the Asia Earthquake and Tsunami disaster The Convention bans weather warfare, which is the use of weather modification techniques for the purposes of inducing damage or destruction. An analysis of the

Dr. Abhishek Gandhi Advocate, Delhi High Court Home Our Team Contact

July 23, 2025 9:34 AM

A Treaty Worth Strengthening Introduction: War, Weather, and the ENMOD Convention

In the modern world, where technology has advanced to unprecedented levels, humanity now faces an eerie question: Can nature itself be turned into a weapon? The answer came into alarming focus during the Cold War era, prompting the international community to act. Thus was born the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques, commonly known as the ENMOD Convention (1977).

Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1976, and opened for signature in Geneva on May 18, 1977, the ENMOD Convention came into force on October 5, 1978. This landmark treaty is a cornerstone of international humanitarian law, uniquely designed to address a very modern threat — the militarization of natural processes like weather, oceans, and the earth’s ecosystems. In this article, we will delve into the history, significance, structure, criticisms, and continuing relevance of the ENMOD Convention, while answering frequently asked questions for legal and academic clarity.

Historical Background of the ENMOD Convention

The seeds of ENMOD were sown during the Vietnam War, where allegations surfaced about the United States’ use of cloud-seeding operations (Project Popeye) to prolong the monsoon season over enemy supply routes. This use of environmental modification for military objectives raised serious ethical, legal, and environmental concerns. With growing public outcry and a rising awareness of the destructive potential of manipulating nature, the United Nations began considering legal instruments to restrict such activities. The Cold War’s geopolitical tension, paired with the potential for climate modification to escalate conflicts, pushed nations to agree on a preventive legal mechanism — thus giving rise to the ENMOD Convention. What is the ENMOD Convention?

The ENMOD Convention (1977) is an international treaty prohibiting the use of environmental modification techniques for military or hostile purposes. It obligates state parties not to engage in any environmental manipulation — such as changing weather patterns, ocean currents, or geological structures — to cause destruction, damage, or injury to another State Party. The Convention acknowledges the peaceful use of environmental techniques, such as for agriculture or climate adaptation, but draws a clear line when such use turns hostile or poses risks to human or environmental safety.

Core Objectives of the ENMOD Convention To Prevent the Weaponization of Nature: By banning hostile uses of weather modification or environmental engineering. To Promote International Peace and Security: Through the limitation of emerging environmental warfare techniques. To Establish Legal Norms: Around the definition and use of environmental modification in armed conflict. To Create Accountability: Among nations for actions that could result in large-scale environmental destruction.

Key Definitions and Provisions

Environmental Modification Techniques (Article II) Defined as: Any technique for changing — through the deliberate manipulation of natural processes — the dynamics, composition or structure of the Earth, including its biota, lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, or of outer space.” Examples may include: Induced earthquakes or tsunamis Artificial weather control (e.g., excessive rainfall or drought) Altering ocean currents Triggering volcanic eruptions Changes in ionospheric conditions 2. Prohibition Clause (Article I) The heart of the Convention, this article prohibits the military or hostile use of such techniques that have: Widespread Long-lasting, or Severe effects on the environment or populations. 3. Permissibility of Peaceful Use (Preamble & Article III) The Convention allows for peaceful applications of environmental modification — such as combating desertification or controlling pests — so long as these do not result in harmful consequences to other states. 4. Consultations and Complaints (Article V & VI) States can consult each other on issues arising from the Convention. Complaints can be lodged with the United Nations Security Council, which is empowered to investigate violations. ENMOD vs. Other Environmental & Warfare Treaties

The ENMOD Convention stands at a unique intersection between environmental protection and international humanitarian law (IHL). Treaty Purpose Difference from ENMOD Geneva Conventions Regulate conduct of war Does not specifically cover environmental modification Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) Bans chemical weapons

ENMOD targets techniques rather than substances. Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) Prohibits biological weapons ENMOD is broader in scope, including geophysical tools.ENMOD deals with deliberate manipulation for harm Compliance and Monitoring Challenges While the ENMOD Convention sets forth a moral and legal framework, its enforcement mechanisms are limited. There is no dedicated body to verify or monitor compliance, unlike the Chemical Weapons Convention which has the OPCW (Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons).

Dual Use Technologies

Furthermore: Verification is difficult, especially with dual-use technologies (e.g., cloud seeding can be both peaceful and hostile). Evidence gathering is complex, as attribution for natural disasters remains scientifically and politically challenging.

States Parties and Global Participation

As of now, 78 countries are parties to the ENMOD Convention, including major powers like the United States, Russia, China, and India. However, some countries have neither signed nor ratified the treaty, limiting its universal applicability. It remains one of the lesser-known but crucial disarmament instruments in the international legal framework. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Q1.

Is the ENMOD Convention still relevant in 2025? Absolutely. With growing capabilities in geoengineering and climate intervention, the line between peaceful and hostile use of environmental modification is becoming increasingly thin. ENMOD provides a legal and ethical framework for countries to restrain weaponized climate action. Q2. Does ENMOD apply to non-state actors like terrorist organizations? The Convention is a state-level treaty, so it does not directly bind non-state actors. However, states are expected to prevent their territory or resources from being used by such actors in violation of ENMOD norms. Q3. Can ENMOD be invoked in climate change litigation? Not directly. The ENMOD Convention deals with deliberate hostile actions, whereas climate change is a result of industrial emissions and negligence but has relevance for new patterns of Hybrid Warfare. However, the ethical principles may be cited to highlight state responsibility in international environmental discourse. Q4. Are there any real-life cases where ENMOD has been violated? There is no officially confirmed violation, although the historical example of Project Popeye is widely seen as the trigger for ENMOD’s creation.

Modern technologies are kept in check more by deterrence and political consequences than by formal ENMOD sanctions. Q5. How does ENMOD relate to space and extraterrestrial domains? Interestingly, ENMOD covers modifications of the outer space environment as well. This anticipates futuristic threats involving space-based weapons that could influence earth systems. Q6. What is the punishment for violating the ENMOD Convention? There is no specified punitive mechanism in the Convention itself. Violations can be referred to the United Nations Security Council, which may impose sanctions or take other measures under international law. Q7. Can climate engineering or solar geoengineering violate ENMOD? If such techniques are used with hostile intent or cause widespread, long-lasting, or severe damage, then yes — they could potentially violate ENMOD provisions. Q8. Who monitors global compliance with ENMOD? There is no dedicated treaty body. However, state parties can hold consultations, and complaints can be brought before the UN Security Council. In practice, compliance is largely voluntary and diplomatic. Modern Challenges and the Future of ENMOD With the rise of: Geoengineering proposals to combat climate change, Military interest in weather-control research, and Unpredictable natural disasters where attribution is difficult, …

ENMOD Convention faces new interpretive challenges.

Artificial rain induction, carbon capture, or stratospheric aerosol injection could be considered double-edged swords. If used with peaceful intent, they are permissible. However, if misused in war or cross-border disputes, they could come under ENMOD scrutiny. Updating ENMOD to include clearer mechanisms for: Verification Transparency Accountability …is the need of the hour, especially as climate security becomes a pillar of international peace.

Conclusion: A Treaty Worth Strengthening

The ENMOD Convention (1977) may not be the most famous international treaty, but its purpose is profoundly relevant in today’s world. It reminds us that even the clouds and the oceans must not be weaponized, and that science, for all its power, must remain within the bounds of ethics and legality. For advocates, environmentalists, policymakers, and the global citizenry, ENMOD stands as a cautionary shield, warning against the misuse of our planet’s very fabric. In an age where environmental security is national security, this often-overlooked treaty is not just a relic of Cold War anxiety — it is a living document of global responsibility.

https://advocategandhi.com/the-enmod-convention-1977-safeguarding-the-planet-from-environmental-warfare/

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[i] https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2025/nov/28/weaponized-weather-emerges-new-hybrid-warfare-tool/

[ii] https://www.history.com/articles/nuclear-bomb-tests-bikini-atoll-facts

[iii] Cloud seeding over Kuching skies in a C-130 Hercules

https://www.google.com/search?q=c+103+hercules+cloud+seeding&client=firefox-b-d&hs=Isxo&sca_esv=f0158aba78c19323&sxsrf=AE3TifN8zuuAnDlt_ZhYKgaVcBCXMH5mHA%3A1765558970785&ei=uko8acTTL5bE1e8PovP7yAs&ved=0ahUKEwjEmKLaw7iRAxUWYvUHHaL5HrkQ4dUDCBE&uact=5&oq=c+103+hercules+cloud+seeding&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiHGMgMTAzIGhlcmN1bGVzIGNsb3VkIHNlZWRpbmcyBRAhGKABSIYmUL8CWJojcAF4AZABAJgBpwKgAdUYqgEGMC40LjEwuAEDyAEA-AEBmAIPoAKwGsICChAAGLADGNYEGEfCAgYQABgWGB7CAgsQABiABBiGAxiKBcICCBAAGIAEGKIEwgIFEAAY7wXCAgUQIRifBcICBxAhGKABGAqYAwCIBgGQBgiSBwgxLjIuMTAuMqAHiTKyBwgwLjIuMTAuMrgHmBrCBwkwLjEuOS40LjHIB3uACAA&sclient=gws-wiz-serp#fpstate=ive&vld=cid:8f8464a7,vid:XIM4Rn75RP8,st:0

Senaka Weeraratna

·  The primodial Sinhalese identity is rooted in the Sinhalese ethnic group which has a long history of existence for over 2500 years, unique and distinct language (Sinhala), and a strong connection to Buddhism and the historical kingdoms of the island. The Sinhalese are world renown as the custodians of Buddhism and Sri Lanka has the proud record of having the longest unbroken period of association with Buddhism than any other country. Every Sri Lankan, not only the Sinhalese, must be proud of this unflinching stubborn fact.  

·  The Sri Lankan identity, in contrast, is a latter-day creation which encompasses all citizens of the country, including major ethnic groups such as the Sinhalese, Tamils, Muslims, and Burghers. Both these nomenclatures have validity and strong claims to prevail in the multi – culturally fertile landscape of Sri Lanka. But not to jettison one for the other.Sri Lankans are basically people with a dual identity. National and Ethnic cum Religious identity. For example, the Sinhala Buddhist identity. It is a birthright.  In the pre – colonial era the Sinhalese had only one religion, namely Buddhism. 

·  The State should respect this inheritance of the Sinhalese. It causes no violence to any one else. National Unity cannot be forged by destroying the identity and 

·  heritage of the primordial race purely in order to appease ethnic and religious minorities who are all latter day entrants.

·  Everyone’s contribution to the social fabric of Sri Lanka must be acknowledged and valued, irrespective of ethnic and religious backgrounds. Individually every citizen of Sri Lanka is equal and has the right to equal treatment by the State under the Constitution (Article 12). No one with a sane mind can begrudge that right. But there is a limit to the extension of  the notion of ‘ Equality’. It cannot be used as a weapon to deny the cultural rights of the majority Sinhalese and to due recognition for building the wonderful Buddhist Civilization of Sri Lanka. ( Read ‘ Revolt in the Temple ‘ by D.C. Wijewardene, 1953). Individual Rights and Group Rights are not the same. 

Treating unequals as equals given the huge disparity of their contributions over a long period in a country’s history is morally wrong. Justice requires that outcomes or recognition should be proportional to inputs or contributions. If one group contributed significantly more (economically, culturally, or in nation-building) over a long period, they arguably deserve a different, often greater, share of recognition, resources, or political power today. Equity favours this approach.

 The foremost place given to Buddhism in Article 9 of the Constitution is based on this fact of proportionality and validation of Sri Lanka’s History. 

Senaka Weeraratna

Senaka Weeraratna

The Mind of King Parakramabahu I (1153–1186 CE) was that of a visionary and pragmatic ruler, characterized by a relentless drive for the unification of Sri Lanka, a deep commitment to the welfare of his people through massive engineering projects, and a strategic, sometimes ruthless, approach to governance and military affairs. 

Visionary and Pragmatic Governance

King Parakramabahu I was a highly organized and determined ruler. When faced with the seemingly impossible task of restoring an ancient causeway, he famously stated, “What is there in the world that cannot be carried out by people of energy?” This reflects a mindset focused on overcoming obstacles through sheer will and efficient administration. 

• Unification He spent years in civil war to unify the island’s three fragmented kingdoms (Rajarata, Dakkhinadesa, and Ruhuna), a goal he achieved around 1153.
• Administration His governance was influenced by Kautilyan statecraft, involving centralized control over trade and the establishment of an efficient administration to manage the kingdom’s resources and finance his ambitious projects.
• Social Welfare He prioritized the welfare of his subjects, establishing hospitals and social welfare units and managing trade to ensure the quality of local produce and reduce social issues like alcoholism. 

Master Engineer and Agriculturist

His philosophy regarding water management is captured in his most famous adage: “Not even a drop of water that comes from the rain must flow into the ocean without being made useful to man“. This highlights a mindset that valued resource optimization and self-sufficiency above all else. 

• Irrigation Marvels He initiated massive irrigation projects, including the construction of the colossal Parakrama Samudra (Sea of Parakrama) reservoir, which transformed the region into an agricultural hub and ensured food security.
• Infrastructure Development He constructed or renovated over 165 large tanks and thousands of canals and dams, demonstrating advanced hydraulic knowledge still evident in systems used today. 

Warrior and Expansionist

Parakramabahu was a skilled military strategist who reorganized the army into a professional force. 

• Internal Security He was decisive and brutal in suppressing internal rebellions, such as the major revolt by Queen Sugala in Ruhuna, to ensure stability within his unified kingdom.
• Foreign Campaigns He projected Sinhalese power abroad through naval expeditions to South India (against the Cholas) and Burma (Myanmar) to secure trade interests and regional influence. 

Devout Patron of Buddhism 

He was a devout Theravada Buddhist who sought to purify and unify the Buddhist Sangha (monastic community) into one orthodox order, purging corrupt elements and building numerous religious monuments, including the Gal Vihara rock temple and the Temple of the Tooth Relic shrine in Polonnaruwa. This shows a mind dedicated to preserving and promoting a single, pure form of the state religion. 

In essence, the mind of King Parakramabahu I was a blend of grand vision, meticulous planning, unyielding determination, and a utilitarian approach to governance that, while achieving a golden age of prosperity and cultural revival, also placed immense fiscal and human strain on the kingdom that contributed to its later instability. 

Source:  AI Overview

https://share.google/aimode/PxnZkOITjPNs9MZq6

………………………………………………………..

See also

• Parakramabahu I – Grokipedia
• https://grokipedia.com/page/Parakramabahu_I
• * Parakramabahu I. * Early Life. * Birth and Ancestry. * Upbringing in Ruhuna and Dakkhinadesa. * Rise to Power. * Youthful Exiles…

Grokipedia

• 

Parakramabahu I – Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parakramabahu_I

·  He oversaw the expansion and beautification of his capital, constructed extensive irrigation systems, reorganised the country’s ar…

Wikipedia

· 

·  King Parakramabahu The Great Warrior and Engineer

·  https://journalofsrilanka.com/post-details/king-parakramabahu-the-great-warrior-and-engineer/13

Feb 11, 2025 — * Introduction. Sri Lanka has a rich history shaped by legendary rulers, but few have left a legacy as profound as Kin…

journalofsrilanka.com

By Huzefa Aliasger Courtesy The Daily Mirror

Colombo, Dec 12 (Daily Mirror) – As of 2025, Sri Lankans have the highest average IQ levels in South Asia with an average IQ level of 102, which has also been ranked in the top 12 countries with the highest average IQ level in the world, according to the data from International IQ Test (IIT).

The research done was based on data from 1,352,763 participants worldwide who took the same IQ test on the website, and substantial research on the subject of national IQs was conducted by psychologist Richard Lynn, working alongside Tatu Vanhanen. IQ scores typically reflect the quality of education and resources available to people in their local geographic regions.

According to IIT the global average IQ level is 100 which is surpassed by the average IQ level of Sri Lanka.

A total of 2840 participants from Sri Lanka were evaluated based on a standard IQ test. China ranked first in the world for highest average IQ level with an average of 107.

Several factors can influence a country’s average IQ, Infectious Diseases, dietary habits: A 2024 study showed that children with good dietary habits have higher IQs than other children. Therefore, countries with good dietary habits tend to have higher average IQs. Intellectual Activities: A 2022 study found that regularly playing chess can increase children’s IQs. Another 1962 study showed that bilingual children score higher on intelligence tests than children who speak only one language. Thus, regular intellectually stimulating activities within a country’s culture tend to raise its average IQ. Genetics: A 2013 study on over a thousand twins demonstrated that IQ is influenced between 50 percent and 80 percent by genetics.

Countries with good healthcare systems, that promote healthy dietary habits, and encourage their citizens to engage in intellectually stimulating activities, tend to have populations with higher average IQs,” the website stated.

Courtesy Adaderana

Former Speaker and NPP Parliamentarian Asoka Ranwala, who was arrested over the vehicular collision at Sapugaskanda last night (11), has been granted bail, according to the Police Spokesman.

He has been ordered release on cash bail of Rs. 200,000 by the Maligakanda Magistrate’s Court this evening.

The MP, who is currently receiving treatment at the Colombo National Hospital, was taken into police custody earlier today on charges of dangerous driving and failing to prevent an accident.

However, he had remained in hospital under police custody before being granted bail. 

The accident occurred yesterday (11) when the jeep in which the former Speaker was travelling collided with a car in the Denimulla area of Sapugaskanda.

A 25-year-old woman, her 6-month-old infant, and 55-year-old mother, who were travelling in the car, sustained injuries and were hospitalised. 

Police added that the infant has been transferred to the Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children for further treatment.

Courtesy Adaderana

Former Member of Parliament, President’s Counsel Wijeyadasa Rajapakshe, is slated to be appointed as a Senior Vice President of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP).

SLFP Chairman Nimal Siripala de Silva stated that the appointment is expected to be made during the party’s upcoming Executive Committee meeting.

Former MP Rajapakshe currently serves as the SLFP District Leader for Colombo and the Maharagama Electorate Organiser.

AI Overview

Indian cricket fans, along with the broader cricket world, are increasingly acknowledging that the core concept of the Decision Review System (DRS), the Player-Referral idea, originated with Sri Lankan lawyer Senaka Weeraratna in 1997, a significant innovation that revolutionized umpiring accuracy, although formal global credit from the ICC remains pending. 

Key Points of Recognition:

• Senaka Weeraratna‘s Concept: Weeraratna conceived the “Player-Referral” system, allowing players to challenge umpire decisions, forming the foundation of modern DRS.
• Global Acknowledgment: While initially met with resistance, especially from India, the effectiveness and fairness brought by DRS are now widely recognized, leading to greater awareness of its Sri Lankan origins.
• Call for ICC Recognition: There’s a growing movement, particularly in Sri Lanka, for the International Cricket Council (ICC) to formally credit Weeraratna, similar to how Duckworth-Lewis got recognition.
• “DRS” vs. “WDRS”: Some advocate renaming it the “Weeraratna Decision Review System” (WDRS) to acknowledge its true inventor, seeing it as Sri Lanka’s biggest gift to cricket.
• India’s Evolving Stance: After initial skepticism and resistance, India’s eventual adoption of DRS highlighted its importance, and fans are now more open to recognizing its true origins. 

In essence, the narrative is shifting from questioning DRS to acknowledging its revolutionary nature and the Sri Lankan mind behind it, even as formal recognition from cricket’s governing bodies lags. 

Source : AI Overview

see also

All about DRS – Cricket Fever by Yatin (from India)

https://www.instagram.com/reel/DOKrHeDDMSR

Senaka Weeraratna is the Dharmaraja of cricket and the father of DRS

Senaka Weeraratna is the Dharmaraja of cricket and the father of DRS

Watch “DRS, Snicko, Hot Spot, Hawkeye & Umpire’s call Explained” on YouTube

https://youtu.be/5tuTDJaS2ik?si=t4FRU4vvM7A43_NL  Please visit  https://youtu.be/5tuTDJaS2ik?si=j3lKkUcWkUw   The reference to Senàka Weeraratna is found at 2.40 minute in this video playback program.    Senaka Weeraratna’s opinion has been published as a comment No.5    Both the International Cricket Council (ICC ) and Sri Lanka Cricket (SLC) must respond to the points made in his comment, if they are to remain credible.

C. Wijeyawickrema LL.B., Ph.D.

හැඳින්වීම

මිනිසාගේ ඉතිහාස කතාව යනු වතුරේ ඉතිහාස කතාව  යයි කියැවේ (story of water is history of man/woman). ජලයට හා ගින්දරට කීකරු සේවකයෙකු මෙන්ම නපුරු ස්වාමියෙකුද විය හැකිය. හිතට එකඟව ක්‍රියා නොකරණ, අධ්‍යාත්මයක් නැති ගේම්කාරයින්ට බරපතල පාඩම් ඉගැන්වීමට ස්වභාව ධර්මය දෙවරක් හිතන්නේ නැත.

ජය මංගල ගාථා, පිරිත් නූල් අරහං, දළදා මාළිගාව  රැවටීමට තැත්කල ආණ්ඩුවක් විසින් ප්ලෑන් කල ශ්‍රී ලංකා දින ජරමරය කොට උඩ යාමට පෙර ලියූ මෙම ලිපියෙන් යෝජනා කලේ දෙසැම්බර් 12 දාට ගෙවල් වල සුදු කොඩි දමා [තමන් රැවටී කරගත් මෝඩ කම ගැන] සිංහල බෞද්ධ ජනයා රටෙන් සමාව ගන්නා ලෙසටය.

පසු ගියදා සිදුවු විපත්තිය (නැස්පත්තිය) විසින්,  JRJ-RP ලාගේ අධර්මිෂ්ට පාලන කාලයේදී (1978-94) මෙන් වර්තමාන අධර්මිෂ්ට පාලක නඩය, පාපිසිද, එසේ නැත්නම් කදිරගමාර්ලා 159 ක් ද, යන්න විසඳුවේ සාපයක් හරහාය. මේ නිසා මෙම ලිපිය කාලය කා දැමීමක් නොවන්නේ සමනලී ෆොන්සේකාට හෝ වෙන කවර හෝ පංචස්කන්ධයකට නැවත කවදාවත් මෙම ශ්‍රී ලංකා දින රැවටිල්ලට අත ගැසීමට ඉඩ නොදිය යුත්තේ කුමක්  යන්න පෙන්වා දෙන නිසාය.

If the Tamils’ cry for separatism is given up, the two communities could solve their problems and continue to live in amity and dignity. – M.C. Sansoni, CJ-(Sessional Paper No. 7 of 1980). 

-Sinhala people have no other land [place to go] –  Wigenswaran-CM, NP

Where Tamils live (Source map: Tamilnation.org website 1/25/2010

Source: What and which zone of agreement?  Lankaweb – October 29th, 2013 

*1. “You can fool some of the people all of the time, and all of the people some of the time, but you can’t fool all of the people all of the time.”

 Abraham Lincoln (?)                                                                

*2. අනුර කුමාර: අපිටත් අවුරුදු පහකට දීලා බලන්න… පහේ පන්තිය දක්වා ලමයින්ට පයින් යා හැකි දුරකින් පාසැලක් අපි දෙනවා..

නිවේදිකාව: ඕක ඇත්තටම ක්‍රියාත්මක කරනවා??

අනුර කුමාර: ඔව් ඔව් මම සහතික වෙනවා!!

නිවේදිකාව: අනිත් අතට ඔබ තුමන්ලාව ටෙස්ට් කරලා බලන එකත් අපි කර ගන්න මෝඩ කමක් වෙන්න බැරිද?

ඉහතින් දැක්වෙන්නේ දනට අවුරුදු 10-15 ට පෙර  ස්වර්ණවාහිනියේ නිවේදිකාවක් හා JVP අනුර කුමාර අතර සිදුවූ වීඩියෝ සංවාදයක් සේපාල් අමරසිංහ විසින් සිය ඉරිදා මසාලාවේ (23/11/1025)  කල උපුටා දැක්වීමක කොපියකි.

*3. 1967 දී පේරාදෙණියෙන් පිටවීමට පෙර සිටම හා 1978 දී ලංකාවෙන් පැන ගැනීම  අතරතුර, අල්ලාගත් හා යටත්වූ JVP කැරළිකරුවන්ගේ ශාක්ෂි 1971 දෙසැම්බර් මාසයේ සටහන් කර ගත් සිවිල් නිලධාරීන් 200 දෙනාගෙන් තාමත් ජීවත්ව සිටිනා අයෙක් වශයෙන් මගේ නිගමනය වූයේ එහි නායකයින් අහිංසක තරුණ-තරුණියන් 1971 අප්‍රේල් මාසයේදී යුදමුදාවට/පොලිසියට බිලිදුන්නාය යන්නය.

*4. 2022 ගෝල්පේස් අරගලයේදී ඉල්ලා  සිටි සිස්ටම් චේන්ජ් එක මා 1971/1977 දී සිතුවා වැනිම සිස්ටම් චේන්ජ් එකකි. එහෙත් එය හුදෙක් බොරුකාරයින්ගේ කුමන්ත්‍රණයක් බව  පෙන්වා දෙමින් එය ඇරඹී සතියක් ඇතුලත මා විසින් ලංකාවෙබ් වෙබ් අඩවියට ලියුවේය. අන්තිමේදී JVP විසින් එය හයිජැක් කර පාර්ලිමේන්තුවට ගිනි තියන්නට සුදානම් විය. (ලංකාව: කළු සුද්දන්ගේ පාලන සමය, දෙවන භාගය : 1948-2024, පිටු 274-310).

*5. ලංකාවට සිදුවූ මුල්ම ආක්‍රමණය මිහිඳු හාමුදුරුවන්ගේ ආගමනයයි. ඒ වෙනකම් කාලා බීලා , දඩයම් කරලා, අහවල් එක කරමින් සිටි ජනයාට මිහිඳු හාමුදුරුවෝ දුක කියල එකක් ගෙනාවා.!!

(එක් පොසොන් දිනයකට පසු දා මධ්‍යම රත්‍රියේදී රනිල් වික්‍රමසිංහ විසින් UNP එකෙන් රත්මලානට චන්දය ඉල්ලා පැරදුන උපුල් ශාන්ත සන්නස්ගලව සිය නිවසට ඇතුල් කර ගනිද්දී කිව්ව කතාව), [Forum # 1 with Vimal]

*6. *…දේවෝ වස්සතු කාලේන

සස්ස සම්පත්ති හෝතුච

පීතෝ භවතු ලෝකෝච

රාජා භවතු ධම්මිකෝ…*

…නිසි කලට වැසී වසීවා

කෙත් වතු සාර වේවා

ලොව දන සතුටු වේවා

නිරිඳු සැම කල් දැහැමි වේවා…*

මෙම රාජා භවතු ධම්මිකෝ යන රටේ සිංහල බෞද්ධ සංස්කෘතිය හා බද්ධවූ ශ්ලෝකය අන්තිමටම සඳහන් කරන්නට හේතුව නම්,  ගෝනි බිල්ලෙක් මෙන් ඔළුව වසාගෙන අභිනව පාර්ලිමේන්තුව ආරම්භ කරන්නට රන්වල ආ වේලාවේ එය රටටම අරහං කිරීමෙන් සිදුකල ශාපයත්, රටේ දැන් සිදුවන ගංවතුර හා නායයාම් විනාශයත් අතර සම්බන්ධයක් නැතැයි කියන පිරිසක්ද සිටින නිසාය. ලෝකයේ කාලගුණ විපර්යාස නිරන්තරයෙන් සිදුවන නමුත්,  මේ තරම් විනාශයක් මුළු රටටම ගෙනාවේ කුමක් නිසාද යන්නට පිළිතුරක් දෙන්නට කෙනෙක් නැත. කලින් දළදා මාළිගාවට වෙඩි තැබූ අය විසින්ම  කඩිමුඩියේ එය ජනයාට විවෘත කර දළදා මාළිගා භූමියේ  සිට මුළු මහනුවර නගරයටම කල ගඳ ගැස්වීමේ ජරමරයේදී රටේ සමස්ත සිංහල බෞද්ධ ජනයාම කර කියා ගත හැකි දෙයක් නැතිව අසරණව සුසුම් හෙළුවේය.

ලංකාව සිංහල බෞද්ධයින්ගේ රට කියන්නේ කවුද කියා කලෙකට පෙර ප්‍රශ්න කල විජේදාස රාජපක්ෂ නොබෝ දිනක සේපාල් අමරසිංහ සමඟ කල විඩියෝ වකදී කියා සිටියේ මේ ගංවතුර විනාශය අදුර්මිෂ්ඨ පාලක පිරිසකගේ දුර්දාන්ත ක්‍රියා නිසා සිදුවූ දේව සාපයක් බවය. ගඟක මෝය කටට උඩින් අඩි 10 ක වතුරක් මූදේ සිට රට තුලට යන්නේ  කෙසේදැයි ඔහු විමසයි.  පසු ගිය දිනක සේපාල් අමරසිංහ සමඟ පැවැත්වූ සාකච්චාවකදී <බස් ගැමුණු> විසින් කියා සිටියේ දැනට මාසයකට පමණ කලින් මිහින්තලේ රජ මහා විහාරයේ බෝ ගසක් කඩා වැටීම දුන් සංඥාව වූයේ නිරාගමිකයින් පිරිසක් විසින් බුද්ධාගමට කරණ හානිය  නිසා  නුදුරු අනාගතයේ සිදුවීමට නියමිත විනාශය යන්නය.

සිංහලේ (ලංකාවේ) එකම ක්‍රිස්තියානි රජු (1551-1597)

1551 දී දොන් ජුවන් ධර්මපාල කෝට්ටේ රජු වීමත් සමඟ ඇරඹුණ ලංකාවේ ඉතිහාසය, එක් අතකින් සුද්දන් හා කළු සුද්දන් යන පාලක කල්ලියත්, අනිත් පැත්තෙන් පන්සලත් (හා ගමත්) අතර ඇතිවූ නොනවතින අරගලයක කතාව නොවේද කියා මට සිතුනේ, බටහිර අධ්‍යාපනය ලැබූ විශ්ව විද්‍යාල ආචාරීන්-මහාචාරීන් විසින් එය – පෘතුගීසි-ලන්දේසි-ඉංග්‍රීසි- නිදහස්- සමය යනාදී වශයෙන් වශයෙන් බෙදා විස්තර කිරීම හේතුවෙන් මෙම අරගලයේ ජාතික වැදගත්කම  වැළලී ගොස් ඇති බව පෙනී යාම නිසාය බුද්ධාගම ආරක්ෂා කිරීමට 1815 ගිවිසුමෙන් දුන් පොරොන්දු කඩකිරීම, 1818 ප්‍රකාශණයෙන් අන් ආගම්  මහනුවර හා උඩරට පැතිරවීමට බලය දීම හා 1857 දී ලන්ඩන්  රාජ්‍ය ලේකම් විසින් බුදු සමය හා ආණ්ඩුව අතර ඇති  සබඳකම් ක්‍රමයෙන් අඩුකල යුතු යයි නියෝග කිරීම වැනි කාරණා මෙහිදී අමතක කල නොහැකිය.

1841 දී වලානේ සිරි සිද්ධාර්ථ නාහිමියන් විසින් රත්මලානට පැමිණ පරම ධම්ම චේතිය පිරිවෙන ආරම්භ කිරීම <තක්සේරු> කල යුත්තේ, 1818 හෝ 1848 කැරැළි සමඟ නොව, 1832 කෝල්බෲක් ලිබරල් අධ්‍යාපන යෝජනා හා 1835 දී මැකෝලි සාමි විසින් ඉන්දියාවේ දුඹුරුපාට බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයින් (Black whites, කළු සුද්දන්) බිහිකිරීම සඳහා ගෙනා ප්‍රසිද්ධ Education Minute  එක හා 1873 පානදුරා මහා වාදයද සමඟය. මේ වනාහී වැලිවිට ශ්‍රී සරණංකර සංඝරාජ හිමිඳුන් (1698-1778) විසින් ඇතිකල බුද්ධ සාසන පුනරුදය යලි පණ ගැන්වීමේ ආරම්භයය.

සිංහල බෞද්ධයාට අබසරණයි!!

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අඛන්ඩ අරගලයේ අවධි හා ඒවාට මූලිකවූ භික්ෂූන් වහන්සේලා

*1 – බුද්ධාගම කියන්නේ බොරුවක් යයි පැවසුණු අවධිය, 1798-1873

(වාරියපොළ සුමංගල/මිගෙට්ටුවත්තේ ගුණානන්ද)

*2 – බුද්ධාගම පණ අදිමින් සිටි අවධිය, 1840–> (වලානේ සිරි සිද්ධාර්ථ)

*3 –ඕල්කොට්–අනාගාරික ධර්‍මපාල අවධිය, 1880-1915–> (හික්කඩුවේ ශ්‍රී සුමංගල)
*4 –ඩොනමෝර් අවධිය 1931-

*5- විද්‍යෝදය සමාජ සේවය (කළුකොඳයාවේ පඤ්ඤාශෙඛර)
*6 – විද්‍යාලංකාර සේවය 1946–>විද්‍යාලංකාර ප්‍රකාශණය/භික්‍ෂුවගේ උරුමය

(යක්කඩුවේ ප්‍රඥාරාම/ වල්පොල රාහුල)
*7– පංච මහා බලවේගය 1956-59 (හේන්පිටගෙදර ඥානසීහ/බද්දේගම විමලවංශ/කොටගම වාචිස්සර/   කලල්‌ඇල්ලේ ආනන්දසාගර)

*8- අඳුරු යුගය– 1960->

1978 පෙඩරල්කාරයින් බලවත්වීම හා නිල් කොල රතු පක්‍ෂ මාරුවෙන් 

මාරුවට රට විනාශ කිරීම
*9– අධර්මිෂ්ඨ සමාජය 1978-2005(මාදුළුවාවේ සෝභිත, ගැටඹේ පන්සලේ නාහිමි)

*10– සෝම හාමුදුරුවන්ගේ භූමිකාව 2000-2003
*11 – පිරිත් නූල් කඹ යුගය 2004-2010 (ඇල්ලේ ගුණවංශ/අතුරැලියේ රතන)

ජාතික හෙල උරුමය
*12– බොදු බල සේනාව 2012 මැයි (ගලබොඩ අත්තේ ඥානසාර)
*13– අස්ගිරි ප්‍රකාශනය 2017 ජූනි 20 (හා ජූලි 4 නිවේදනය)

*14– නිරාගමික-මාක්ස්වාදී-සමලිංගික-ඊළම්-ශාරියා ආක්‍රමණ (2024->

(ගලගොඩ අත්තේ ඥානසාර, අම්පිටියේ සුමනරතන, බලංගොඩ කස්සප, ගලගම කුසලධම්ම, karma tv)

මූලාශ්‍ර:       LankaWeb – අස්ගිරි විප්ලවය   (7/30/2017);  ලංකාව කළු සුද්දන්ගේ පාලන සමය: 1948-2025 (පලාත් සභා මර උගුල -ජන සභා විසඳුම).

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බංගවේවා පන්ති සටන (1935-2025)

ලංකාවේ සිවිල් සේවකයෙකුව සිටියදී (1866-72), යත්තරමුල්ලේ උන්නාන්සේගෙන් පාලි භාෂාව ඉගෙනෙගත් රීස් ඩේවිඩ්ට (1843-1922)  මෙන් කාල් මාක්ස්ට හෝ එංගල්ස්ට ත්‍රිපිටකය ගැන යම් හෝඩුවාවක් ලැබුණා නම්, 1935 සිට ලංකා කොලනියේ ආරම්භවුණ බංගවේවා  දේශපාලන බොරුව බිහි නොවන්නට හොඳටම ඉඩ තිබුණි. සාදුකින් පෙලෙනවුන්ව අන්තිම සටනකට සැරසෙන්නට දක්කා ගෙන යන, මැයි දින පෙලපාලි වලදී යූනියන් පාරේ සාප්පු වලට ගල් ගසන්න, පසු කලෙක එසේ කර කොළඹ සිට ගෙවල්  බලා ගමට යන පෙළපාලි කරුවන්ට කළුවරේ ගස් වලට මුවාවි ගල් ගසන කාලකන්නි සමාජ කල්ලි  රට විනාශ කලේ මේ ආගම් අබිං යන ඇදහීම නිසාය. මේ කූඩැල්ලන් මෙට්ට උඩ රඳවා ගැනීමට උඩකැන්ඳවල සිරි සරණංකර (1902-66) වැනි භික්ෂූන් ගත් උත්සාහ අසාර්ථක විය.

පන්සල් සරණං ගච්චාමි!!

1964 වන විට NM-Colvin-Leslie යන අය දළදා මාළිගාවට මල් වට්ටි අරගෙන ගියේ බොරුවටය. මා දන්නා මිත්‍රයෙක් රෝහණ විජේවීරව බර්ලින් බෞද්ධ විහාරයට යාමට එකඟ කර ගත්තේ පැය ගණනක වාද-විවාදයකින් පසුව වුවත්, ඔහු හා සෝමවංශ අමරසිංහ, විමල් වීරවංශ ගෙඩි පිටින්ම ආගම අබිංකාරයින් නොවීය. සෝමවංශ සිය අවසාන කාලයේදී, මරණයට පසුව පාංසුකූලය දීම ගැන තමන් සමඟ කතා කල බව ඇල්ලේ ගුණවංශ හිමියන් සඳහන් කලේය. ඔහුගේ හා JVP දේශපාලනයට ක්‍රිස්තියානි පල්ලියේ බලපෑමක් සිදුවුවා නිසැකය. ඔහුත්, ලයනල් බෝපගේත් ආලයෙන් අන්ධවූයේ එවන් පසුබිමක් යටතේ විය හැකිය. LSSP, CP වෙනුවට 1965 සිට විජේවීර සමඟ මතුවූ මාක්ස්වාදී දේශපාලනයේදී පන්සල් හරහා ඔවුන් ලබාගත් රැකවරණය අසීමිතය. හිස බූගා සිවුරු පොරවා ගැනීම දක්වාම 1971 දී සිට පන්සලෙන් ඔවුන් ලබාගත් උදව් උපකාර අන්තිමේදී රටේ සිල්වත් ධර්මධර භික්ෂූන් ඝාතනය කිරිමෙන් නිමවූ අවස්ථා තිබුණත් (1988-89), JVP ට පිරිත් කියා ආවඩන භික්ෂු නිකායක් පවා සදා ගන්නට 2019 වනවිට පන්ති පහට ගොස් සිටි JVP  අරටුව සමත් විය.

විශ්ව විද්‍යාලවල ඉන්නා JVP   භික්ෂු පංචකන්ධ පෙලපාලි වලදී හැසිරෙන්නේ වල් සතුන් මෙන්ය. මෙම <JVP නිකායේ> බොහෝ දෙනෙක් එසේ හැසිරුණු සිවුරු ධාරීන් විය හැකිය. සිවුර  කියන්නේ හොරුන්ට හැංගී සිටිය හැකි කැළයක් යයි කාගම සිරිනන්ද හාමුදුරුවෝ නිතර නිතරම පෙන්වා දෙන්නේ මේ නිසාය. පේරාදෙණි සරසවි භූමියේ තිබූ ලලිත් ඇතුලත්මුදලිගේ පිළිරුව බිමට ගලවා දමා කුඩු කලේ මහපොල ආධාර ලබාගත් JVP හා පෙරටුගාමී පක්ෂ වලට අයත් ගිහි පැවිදි සිසුන්ය!

රනිල්ගේ පාරේ යන අනුර කුමාර

අගමැති හෝ ජනාධිපති වශයෙන් ලිබරල් රනිල්ට කරගන්නට නොහැකිවූ බොහෝ දේ, මාක්ස්වාදී අනුර කුමාර වඩාත් ඉහළින් කරගෙන යන්නේය. ඉන්දියන් පාලම, ඉන්දියාවට රට පාවාදීම, ඇමෙරිකාවට දොර ඇරීම, එක්ටා ගිවිසුම, ඇමෙරිකාව හා ඉන්දියාව සමඟ හොර ආරක්ෂක ගිවිසුම්, ඉඩම් කුණු කොල්ලයට විදේශිකයින්ට දීම හා විශේෂයෙන් සමලිංගික ප්‍රවර්ධන කටයුතු උදාහරණ කීපයකි. සිංහල බුද්ධාගමට අපහාස, නින්දා, හිරිහැර කිරීම අතින් අනුර කුමාරලා රනිල්ට ඉදිරියෙන් සිටින්නේ ඔවුන්ගේ නග්න හැසිරීම අනුවය. රෝසි සේනානායක කොළඹ නගරාධිපති කාර්යාලයේ තිබූ බුදු පිළිමය ඉවත් කලේ රනිල්ගේ කාලයේය. දෙහිවල නගර සභාවේ  JVP කාරයා එය ඉවත් කලේ ගොන් කමටය. ත්‍රිකුණාමළයේ බුදු පිළිමය පොලිසිය විසින් උදුරා ගෙන  ගියේ කොටිවාදී දෙමළ මන්ත්‍රීලා සතුටු කිරීමටය. ලෝකයේ කොහේවත් ආගමික පිළිමයක්, රූපයක් හෝ ගොඩ නැඟිල්ලක් ආරක්ෂා කරන්නේ එය ගලවා පොලිසියට ගෙන යාමෙන් නොව එහි ආරක්ෂාවට භටයින් යෙදවීමෙනි. මේ සම්බන්ධයෙන් බොරුකතා දියවන්නා හෝටලය ඇතුලේ කීමෙන් ආණ්ඩුව දේව උදහසට පාත්‍ර වන්නේය.

රනිල්ගේ පාලන කාල හා ජෝන් අමරතුංග

රනිල්ගේ එක් කැබිනට් මණ්ඩලයක බලවත් තනතුරු බොහොමයක් දී තිබුණේ ක්‍රිස්තියානීන්ටය. ජෝන් අමරතුංග (පොලිස් ඇමති?) ගේ කාලයේදී ක්‍රිස්තියානි පූජකයා පොලිසියේ පුටුවේ ඉඳගෙන සිටිද්දී  පැමිණිල්ලට අදාල භික්ෂුවට සිදුවූයේ හිටගෙන ඉන්නටය. එහෙත් ප්ලෑනක කොටසක් වශයෙන් බුද්ධාගමට පහර දීමක් රනිල් ගෙන් සිදු නොවීය. පක්ෂ රැස්වීමක් ආරම්භවීමට පෙර ආගමික වතාවත් කරනවා වෙනුවට ඒවා ගෙදරදී කරගෙන එන ලෙස ඔහු අවවාද කලා පමණය! අස්ගිරියට ගොස් එහිදී බැන්ඳ පිරිත් නූල ඊලඟ පන්සලට යාමට කලින් ගලවා දමා යෑමක් සිදු නොවීය.

සුනිල් සෙනෙවි-හරිනි-බිමාල්- ආනන්ද විජේපාල

අවුකන (පිළිමය) කියන්නේ අව්ව කන නිසා, හොඳ වේලාවට බුදු හාමුදුරුවෝ කොස් ගහක්, දෙල් ගහක් වෙනුවට බෝ ගහ තෝරාගත්තා, නැත්නම් මිනිස්සු බඩගින්නේ යනාදී නිරාගමික බෞද්ධ විරෝධී පිරිසක් විසින් ක්‍රිස්තියානි සම්භවයක් ඇත්තෙකුට බුද්ධාගම භාරදීමත්, බුද්ධ සාසන වෙනුවට ආගමික හා සංස්කෘතික යයි  අමාත්‍යාංශයේ නම වෙනස් කිරීමත්, අබෞද්ධයින් බෞද්ධ ආයතන වලට පත්කිරීමත් මතක් කරන්නේ මහින්දගේ අගමැතිව සිටි දි. මු. ජයරත්න නමැති මහල්ලා විසින් සම්බුද්ධ ජයන්ති ස්මරණ සභාවට ලෙබ්බේ කෙනෙක්ව පත්කිරීමේ උච්චතම අවස්ථාවය.

මිහින්තලේ හා යාපනේ තිස්ස රජමහා විහාර වලට කරණ හිරිහැර, මඩකලපුවේ මංගලාරාම විහාරයේ අම්පිටියේ සුමනරතන හිමියන් ඝාතනය කිරීමේ තර්ජනය, ආනන්ද යන බෞද්ධ නමක් ගත්  පොලිස් ඇමති විසින් කරණ කුඩම්මාගේ සැළකිලි ලෙස සිතේ. එය හොඳින්ම එලිවූයේ ත්‍රිකුණාමලයේ බුද්ධ ප්‍රතිමාව පොලිසිය විසින් පැහැර ගෙනයාමෙන්ය. අන්තිමේදී  එය උදාසීනව සිටි සිංහල බෞද්ධයින් අවදි කිරීමට උපකාරීවූ වෙස්වලාගත් භාග්‍යයක් විය (blessing in disguise).

නිරාගමික යනුද ආගමකි!

වෙන රටවලදී මෙන් නොව ලංකාවේ නිරාගමිකයින් යනු බෞද්ධ විරෝධීන්ට තවත් නමක් පමණය. 1935 සිටම මාක්ස්වාදීන් මෙසේ ක්‍රියාකලේය. 1964 සිට ඔවුන් වංක බෞද්ධයින් විය. සිංහල බෞද්ධ ශිෂ්ටාචාරයට ගැරහීම රෝහණ විජේවීර ඝාතනයෙන් පසුව බිහිවූ jvp කාරයින්ගේ ජීවන ක්‍රමය විය. AKD ජනාධිපති වූයේ බහුතර ජනතාවගේ චන්දයෙන් නොවේ. රනිල්-සජිත් ගැටුම නොවේ නම් ඔහු දිණන්නේද නැත. මාළිමාවක් හරහා මහානායක හිමිවරුන් පවා රවටා ගන්නට AKD ලා සමත් විය. ඔහුට තවත් මහින්ද කෙනෙකු වීමට නොහැකි වුවත් ගෝටාට ගිය චන්ද ඔහුට හරවා ගන්නට හැකිවිය.  එහෙත් ඔහුගේ හැසිරීම් රටාව ඔහු නොදැනම ඔහුගේ අභ්‍යන්තර බෞද්ධ විරෝධී සර්පයා එලියට දමමින් සිටී.

The origins of TOTALITARIANISM  යන Hannah Arendt  විසින් (1951) ලියන ලද කෘතිය (JVP මාළිමා ආණ්ඩුව පිහිටු වූවාට පසු)  කියවූ විට මා පුදුමයට පත්වුයේ එහි පෙන්වා දෙන හිට්ලර්, ස්ටාලින්ලා බලය අල්ලාගත් ආකාරයත් jvp බලය ඩැහැගත් ආකාරයත් අතර ඇති සමානකම  දැකය. බොරු කියා චන්ද දායකයා රැවටීම, බලය ලබාගත් පසු තමන් එසේ බොරු කියා බලය අල්ලාගත් කියමින් ජනයාට කෝචැක් කිරීම (උගන්ඩා කුමාරි?), තමන් සමඟ ලගින් සිටි පාක්ෂිකයින් ද්‍රෝහීන් ලෙස සළකා විනාශ කිරීමේ හිට්ලර්, ස්ටාලින්, සදාම් හුසේන්, කිම් ඉල් සුන් උපක්‍රමය ක්‍රියාවට නැඟීමට නොහැකිව ලතවීම   (නන්දන ගුණතිලක, කැලුම් ජයසුමන යනාදීන්), පක්ෂයට සම්බන්ධයක් නැති  ආණ්ඩුවට විරෝධය දක්වන අය මර්ධනය කිරීම හෝ බිය ගැන්වීම (ගම්වල සිටි දැණුම් දීමේ jvp ඒජන්තලා),  බොරු වසා ගැනීමට අළුත් බොරු කීම, මෙවැනි සමානකම්ය.

සිංහල ඉතිහාසය-දෙමළ ඉතිහාසය- ලංකාවේ ඉතිහාසය

LankaWeb – ‘සිංහල ඉතිහාසය’ හා ‘දෙමළ ඉතිහාසය’ වෙනුවට ‘ශ්‍රී ලංකික ඉතිහාසය’ උගන්වනවා.

අහක යන නයි කලිසම අස්සේ දාගන්නවා කියන්නේ ඉතිහාසය අරහං හරිනි විසින් මේ කරන්නට යන විකාරය නිසාය. මෙය මෛත්‍රීපාල විසින් දුර දිග නොබලා දෙමළෙන් ජාතික ගීය ගයන්නට තීරණය කලා වැනිය. ඒ මඟින් සිදුවූයේ තිබෙන සමඟියත් නැතිවී යාමය. දකුණේ භාෂා දෙකෙන්ම එය ගැයුවත් උතුරේ එය ගැයුවේ දෙමළෙන් පමණය.

උතුරේ මහ ඇමතිව සිටි විග්නේෂ්වරන්ට අනුව දෙමළ ඉතිහාසය පටන් ගන්නේ ලංකා ජතික සංගමයේ එඩ්මන්ඩ් සමරවික්‍රම හා ජෙම්ස් පීරිස් සමග 1911 දී අරුණාචලම් පොන්නම්බලම් අත්සන් කල ගිවිසුමකින්ය. පසුව ඔහු එය ශිව ලිංග පහකින් ආශිර්වාද ලැබූ ආදි කාලයකට දිගු කලේය. ඒ අනුව මුලින්  සිටි දෙමළ   බෞද්ධ ජනයා පසුව බෞද්ධයින් යටතට  පත්ව  පසුව අද සිටිනා හින්දූන්  බවට පරිවර්තනය විය.

ලංකාවේ ඉතිහාසයට එලාර රජුට කලින් සිටම දෙමළ ඉතිහාසයද ඇතුලත් විය. ඒ ඉතිහාසය දෙකට කඩන්නේ සිංහල බෞද්ධ ශිෂ්ටාචාරය විනාශ කිරිමේ නිරාගමික-සමලිංගික ව්‍යාපාරයේ කොටසක් වශයෙනි.  ලෝකයේ දෙමළ ජනයාට වෙනම රටක් අවශ්‍යනම් එය සැදිය යුත්තේ දෙමළ නිජ භූමියවූ ටැමිල්නාඩු වේය. ලංකාවේ දෙමළ රටක් යනු සිංහලයා ගොළු මුහුදට තල්ලුවී යාමය. ඉන්දියාව සමඟ පාලමකින් යා කිරීම යනු දෙමළ ජනයා ලංකාවේ ඊළම් රටට ගලා ඒම හා ක්‍රමයෙන් දකුණට කඩා වැදීමය. වතුකරයේ දෙමළ ජනයා හා කොළඹ දෙමළ ජනයා ගන්නේ දෙමළ පැත්ත මිස සිංහල පැත්ත නොවේ.

ඉතිහාසය කන්නද?

ඉතිහාසය පාසැල් විෂයක් වශයෙන් රැකගන්නට වෙහෙසෙන මහාචාර්යවරු පවා රටක ඉතිහාසය කියන්නේ ඒ රටේ අතීත භූගෝල විද්‍යාවට බව නොදන්නා බව පෙනේ!  ලංකාව ඒකීය රටක් වශයෙන් තිබිය යුත්තේ කුමක් නිසාද, ලංකාවේ සිවිල් පරිපාලන ඒකක 1832 දී කෝල්බෲක් කොමිෂමෙන් ඇතිකල සූත්‍රයෙන් ගැලවී, අනාදිමත් කාලයක සිට දිවයිනේ පැවති ස්වාභාවික මායිම් සහිත භූමි ඒකක වලින් සමන්විත  ජලද්‍රෝණි විය යුතු නොවේද යන කරුණත් 1948 න් පසුව වත් පාලක කළු සුද්දන්ටත්, නිලධාරී වරිගයටත්, අඩු තරමින් භූගෝල විද්‍යා ආචාරීන් මහචාරින්ටත් නොවැටහෙන්නේ ඔවුන් සුද්දන් පසුපසින් යන කළු සුද්දන් නිසාය. සුද්දන් සැදූ රට සූරා කෑමේ කොළඹ ක්‍රමයට ඔවුන් කයින් හා මනසින් වහළුන් වී සිටින නිසාය.

ගම-වැව-දාගැබ  (සමාජ-ආර්ථික-දේශපාලන ත්‍රිත්වය)

2025 නොවැම්බර් අග රටට සිදුවූ විනාශය මෙම ත්‍රිත්වය අමතක කොට කැළෑ එලිකිරීම, කඳු කපා ගෙවල් සැදීම  දියුණුවේ සංකේත යයි සිතිමේ දුගී මානසිකත්වයේ ප්‍රතිඵලයකි. යටත් විජිත ආර්ථික ක්‍රමයක් යටතේ , නැවෙන් කටට ආනයන-අපනයන ජීවන රටාවෙන් පාලක කළු සුද්දන් යහතින් වැජඹුනේය. අනාගාරික ධර්මපාලතුමා අනුව යමින් අතීත ගම-වැව-දාගැබ සංකල්පය රටට ඉදිරිපත් කල කළුකොඳයාවේ ප්‍රඥාශේඛර නාහිමියන් විසින් ආරම්භකරණ ලද අපරාද මර්දන හා  ග්‍රාම ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණ දීප ව්‍යාප්ත ව්‍යාපාරය ඩොනමෝර් ඇමතිවරුන් වන D. B.  ජයතිලක, D. S. සේනානායක, SWRD   බණ්ඩාරනායක යන අයවළුන් විසින් මරා දමන ලදී.

මාක්ස්වාදී තරුණයින් විසින් මැලේරියා ප්‍රදේශ වලට බඩු ලොරි ගෙන යෑම හා පසුව සූරියමල් ව්‍යාපාර කරගෙන ගියත්, නගරයේ කම්කරුවන් අල්ලාගෙන කල දේශපාලනයක් හැර ප්‍රඥාශේඛර මොඩලය ගැන සිතුවේ නැත. මීට වෙනස්වූ මතයක් දැරුවේ   වික්‍රමසිංහ මහතා පමණය. මහා පරිමාන සමුද්‍රයක් වෙනුවට ගල් ඔය ඉහළ පෝෂක ප්‍රදේශයේ කුඩා වැව් ඉදි කිරීමේ  අවශ්‍යාතාවය ඔහු පෙන්වා දුන්නත් එයට D.S.සේනානායක කෘෂිකර්මාන්ත ඇමති එකඟ නොවූයේ මහාපරිමාණ ව්‍යාපාරක් යනු දියුණුවීමේ සළකුණක්ය යන අධිමානසික හැඟීම නිසාය. 1940 ගණන් වල සිට ආ මේ මතය JRJ විසින් 1980 දශකයේ කඩි මුඩියේ ඉදිකල වික්ටෝරියා යෝධ ජලාශයකින් අවසාන විය.  බටහිරෙන් බෝ වූ මේ සංවර්ධන මොඩලය පරණ යටත් විජිතවල දුප්පත් කමට හේතුවිය (development is the problem!). හුණුගල් ස්ථර සහිත භූමියක මෙවැනි ජලාශයක් සැදීමේ අවදානම පේරාදෙණියේ භූවිද්‍යා මහාචාර්ය  P. G. විතානගේ මහතා විසින් පෙන්නා දුන්නේය.  දැන් 2025 වනවිට මේ උවඳුර යථාර්තයක් විය නොහැකිද?

*14– නිරාගමික-මාක්ස්වාදී-සමලිංගික-ඊළම්-ශාරියා ආක්‍රමණ (2024->

සිංහල බෞද්ධ ශිෂ්ටාචාරයට බලයට පත් ආණ්ඩුවකින් විසින් උඩින් හා යටින් කරණ හානි හා කෙනෙහිලිකම් JVP-මාළිමා කල්ලිය විසින් කරමින් සිටී. ඔවුන් විසින් අළුතෙන්ම ශ්‍රී ලංකා දිනයක් ආරම්භකලේ සමනලී ෆොන්සේකාට කොමිස් දීමට නොවේ. ලංකාවේ දෙමළ මිනිසුන්ට ඔවුන් දෙමළ වීම නිසාම ප්‍රශ්ණ වලට මුහුණ දීමට සිදුවී ඇතැයි ඇය පවසන්නේ විජිත හේරත් කැඩිච්ච ඉංගිරිස් වලින් විදේශිකයින්ට කියන කතාවමය. JVP න්‍යායාචාරියා වන නිර්මාල් දේවසිරි කියන්නේ දෙමළ ප්‍රශ්ණයට විසඳුම ඔවුන් ඉල්ලන දේ දීමය යනුවෙනි. ඉන්දියාවට පාලමක් දැමීම හර්ෂ ද සිල්වා, ශ්‍රීලාල් ලක්තිලක ලා ජ් න්‍යායාචාරියා වන නිර්මාල් දේවසිරි කියන්නේ දෙමළ ප්‍රශ්ණයට විසඳුම ඔවුන් ඉල්ලන දේ දීමය යනුවෙනි (ඉන්දියාවට පාලමක් දැමීම හර්ෂ ද සිල්වා, ශ්‍රීලාල් ලක්තිලකලාද අනුමත කරයි).

ශ්‍රී ලංකා දිනයකින් ජාතික සමඟියක් ලැබේ යයි සිතීම පිළිකාවකට කෑම දීමෙන්  එය නැතිකල හැකි යයි සිතීම වැනිය. මීට පෙර බෙදුම් වාදීන්ට රැවටී සිරි සංඝබෝ ලා වූ අය මෙන්, JVP පිරිසද එසේ වීම නියතය. එහෙත් ඔවුන් රටට කරණ විනාශය සිංහල ජාතියේ මළගම වන්නේය. ශ්‍රී ලංකා දිනයකින් ජාතික සමඟියක් ලැබේ යයි සිතීම පිළිකාවකට කෑම දීමෙන්  එය නැතිකල හැකි යයි සිතීම වැනිය. මීට පෙර බෙදුම් වාදීන්ට රැවටී සිරි සංඝබෝධි ලා වූ අය මෙන් ජ් පිරිසද එසේ වීම නියතය. එහෙත් ඔවුන් රටට කරණ විනාශය සිංහල ජාතියේ මළගම වන්නේය. ශ්‍රී ලංකා දිනයකින් ජාතික සමඟියක් ලැබේ යයි සිතීම පිළිකාවකට කෑම දීමෙන්  එය නැතිකල හැකි යයි සිතීම වැනිය. මීට පෙර බෙදුම් වාදීන්ට රැවටී සිරි සංඝබෝධි ලා වූ අය මෙන් ජ් පිරිසද එසේ වීම නියතය. එහෙත් ඔවුන් රටට කරණ විනාශය සිංහල ජාතියේ මළගම වන්නේය.

සුද්දන් විසින් භාවිතා කල උපක්‍රමයක්වූ බෙදා පාලනය කිරීම, කළු සුද්දන් විසින්ද දිගටම කර ගෙන ගියේය. මාක්ස්වාදී කදිරගමාර්ලා 159 ට සිංහල මහ ජාතිය හා සෙසු ජන වර්ග අතර සමඟිය ඇති කිරීමට අවංක චේතනාවක් තිබේ නම් ඔවුන් කල යුතු සවාභාවික මායිම් සහිත (ජල ද්‍රෝණි) ජන සභා පිහිටුවා, පක්ෂ දේශ පාලනයෙන් තොර මහජන නියෝජන ක්‍රමයක් යටතේ තම බල ප්‍රදේශයේ පාලන කටයුතු ඔවුන්ට පවරා දීමය.

මේ මඟින් දෙමළ හා මුස්ලිම් ජාතිවාදී දේශපාලකයින් විසින් කරගෙන යන ජාවාරම කෙළවර කර සියළුම ජන වර්ග වලට සාමයෙන්, සතුටින් ජීවත් විය හැකි ලංකාවක් බිහිකර ගත හැකිවේ. මඩකලපුවේ රාසමානික්කම් කැනඩාවට ගොස් දෙමළ බලය හා එය ඉදිරියේ ලංකා ආණ්ඩුව අසරණ වී ඇති බව කියමින් තමාගේ ජීවිත කාලය තුල වෙනම ඊළමක් ලබා ගන්නවා යයි වහසි බස් දොඩද්දී  JVP ආණ්ඩුව පවත්වන ශ්‍රී ලංකා දිනයෙන් රවටන්නට හදන්නේ කවුරුන්වද?

මීලඟ ලිපිය: භූගෝල විද්‍යාවට ද්‍රෝහි වීමේ විපාක

Senaka Weeraratna

Today i.e., December 12, 2025 marks the 1O7th Birth Anniversary of Asoka Weeraratna (founder of the German Dharmaduta Society, Berlin Vihara in Germany and the Mitirigala Nissarana Vanaya) later known as Ven. Mitirigala Dhammanisanthi Thero. Asoka Weeraratna was born on December 12, 1918. He died on July 2, 1999 at the age of 80 years.

On the occasion of his 106th Birth Anniversary in 2024 a Commemorative Talk was delivered  by Dr Thilanka K.  Dahanayake ( grandson of former Prime Minister W. Dahanayake), currently lecturer at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, on the “Shashthreeya Sangrahaya Program . This Radio Program was moderated by Dr. Nalaka Jayasena.

For more details on Asoka Weeraratna 

see 

Do not become discouraged and give up, and do not rest satisfied with partial achievements”. 

Asoka Weeraratna’s favourite Saying

https://asokaweeraratna.org/home.htm

ASOKA WEERARATNA AND MAHINDA COLLEGE – NOSTALGIC MEMORIES

by W.   P A N D I T A R A T N E

ASOKA WEERARATNA AND MAHINDA COLLEGE – NOSTALGIC MEMORIES

Ven. Omalpe Sobitha Maha Thero delivers sermon at Asoka Weeraratna Birth Centenary

https://www.trekmentor.org/watch/yt/8Nd8s6uC-l0

Source:  AI Overview

Historical accounts of ancient Sinhalese Kings describe a mindset defined by persistent defiance against external rule, characterized by a refusal to submit to foreign powers even during periods of occupation. In contrast, contemporary leadership analysis suggests that modern Sri Lankan professional and political structures often emphasize paternalistic authority, where subordinates are expected not to challenge leaders even if they are perceived as wrong, a shift from the historical “warrior” model of active resistance. 

The Ancient Warrior Mindset: Defiance and Resistance

Ancient Sinhalese monarchs functioned as the rallying point for the population, maintaining a state of continuous resistance against invaders. 

• Unwavering Determination: For over two millennia, no foreign dynasty was allowed to take deep root; when coastal areas were captured, Sinhalese Kings moved to internal regions (such as the central mountains) to establish bridgeheads for resistance.
• Strategic Withdrawal and Guerrilla Warfare: The Kingdom of Kandy defied European empires, namely the Portuguese, Dutch and the British for 225 years using hit-and-run tactics, scorched-earth policies, and mountain fortresses.
• Historical Examples:
  • King Dutugamunu: United the island by defeating foreign invaders.
  • King Vijayabahu I: Expelled the Cholas and united Lanka in 1070 AD.
  • King Vimaladharmasuriya I: Successfully retreated to Wellassa after the Portuguese occupied his capital in Senkadagala in Mahanuwara, later surrounding and annihilating the retreating occupation forces at Danture in 1594.
• Moral Responsibility (Dharmaraja): Kings were expected to rule according to Dharma, acting as protectors of the subjects and the faith, which intertwined political authority with ethical responsibility. 

Historically, the Sinhalese maintained a robust martial tradition characterized by successful defense against foreign invasions and the development of indigenous combat systems

. While modern life has largely moved away from regular military duty, traditional martial arts like Angampora have seen a recent resurgence among the younger generation after being suppressed for decades. 

Ancestral Warrior Heritage

The perception of the Sinhalese as natural warriors is rooted in centuries of historical defense and offensive military operations:

• Warrior Kings: Notable monarchs such as Dutugamunu, Vijayabahu I, and Parakramabahu the Great are celebrated for uniting the country, defeating invaders, and even launching overseas expeditions.
• Martial Systems: Angampora, a traditional Sinhalese martial art combining hand-to-hand combat (angam) with indigenous weaponry (illangam), was central to ancient Sinhalese defense.
• Militia Structure: In ancient times, the Sinhalese army was primarily composed of peasant militias who were primarily farmers but were raised to serve the king as needed.
• Resistance to Colonialism: Regional Sinhalese forces, particularly in the Kandyan Kingdom, used guerrilla warfare to keep European powers at bay for nearly two centuries until 1815. 

Sri Lanka is the only country in Asia that was never conquered by foreigners but had to capitulate eventually due to betrayal and treachery by greedy Chieftains who, metaphorically speaking,’stabbed’ the legitimate King of Kandy ( Sri Wickrema Rajasinghe) in the back in 1815. This is the Sinhalese version of the assasinaton of the Roman Fuhrer Julius Caesar who was stabbed to death by his closest friends in his inner circle.

“Et tu, Brute?” means “And you, Brutus?” or “Even you, Brutus?” is a famous quote from William Shakespeare’s play Julius Caesar. It is spoken by Julius Caesar as he is being assassinated, expressing profound shock and betrayal at seeing his friend Brutus among the attackers. The phrase is now used to express dismay at a betrayal by a supposed friend. Ehelepola Disawe and Ekneliagoda Disawe are the local versions of Brutus in the Sri Lankan drama of treachery to topple a King. Incidentally King Don Juan Dharmapala of the Kingdom of Kotte and Ehelepola Dissave, a Chieftain in the Kingdom of Kandy, stand out as the vilest characters in the two millennia history of Sri Lanka. 

Modern Evolution and Suppression

The martial nature of the Sinhalese underwent significant changes during and after the colonial period:

• British Suppression: In 1821, British colonial rulers banned Angampora, fearing it posed a threat to their occupation. To survive, the art was practiced in secrecy or incorporated into traditional dances.
• Societal Shift: As the British integrated locals into their own defense forces, the traditional model of a peasant-warrior militia transitioned into formal regiments.
• Contemporary Context: In modern society, the focus has shifted toward education, agriculture, and civic life. However, the modern Sri Lankan military claims this historical lineage, particularly following the defeat of the LTTE in 2009. 

Modern Resurgence of Martial Tradition

Despite historical decline, modern Sinhalese interest in ancestral martial arts is growing:

• Younger Generation Exposure: Angampora is becoming popular again among modern youth, who are gaining exposure to the traditional art through research and modern masters.
• Conservation Efforts: Modern research compares original Angampora with current practices to preserve its philosophical emphasis on personal growth, cultural heritage and warrior spirit.  

Source:  AI Overview

https://share.google/aimode/15LFfedIUrjtCVRVP

National Development Bank PLC

National Development Bank PLC (NDB Bank) has partnered with the Women’s Blind Organisation of Sri Lanka in support of the International White Cane Day 2025, an event dedicated to recognising and empowering visually impaired women across the country.

The Women’s Blind Organisation, which has long been a pillar of support for visually impaired women in Sri Lanka, continues to work tirelessly toward ensuring that this community has access to essential resources, opportunities for self-employment, and educational assistance for their children. The International White Cane Day celebration, held in October 2025, serves as a symbolic and practical effort to uplift the lives of these women while promoting greater awareness and understanding of their challenges and strengths.

Through its partnership with this initiative, NDB Bank aims to contribute meaningfully to the empowerment of visually impaired women, helping them gain confidence, economic independence, and recognition within society. The event highlights the importance of inclusion and the right to equal participation, aligning closely with NDB’s broader purpose of empowering lives and enabling progress through opportunity and compassion.

Commenting on the Bank’s support for the initiative, Kelum Edirisinghe, Director/CEO of NDB stated, At NDB, we strongly believe that empowerment must extend to every corner of society, especially to those who are often overlooked. Partnering with the Women’s Blind Organisation for International White Cane Day allows us to support an inspiring cause that celebrates strength, resilience, and independence. We are proud to stand with these women as they continue to break barriers and redefine what it means to thrive.”

As one of Sri Lanka’s leading financial institutions, NDB Bank continues to integrate social responsibility into its operations, emphasising sustainable community development through education, entrepreneurship, and inclusion.

By joining hands with the Women’s Blind Organisation, NDB reaffirms its belief that empowerment knows no boundaries, and that every individual, regardless of circumstance, deserves the opportunity to live with dignity, purpose, and hope.

Ravindra Jayaratne, The Conversation

Flood infrastructure has not improved much in half a century due to poor urban planning.

When Cyclone Ditwah made landfall on November 28 2025, Sri Lanka experienced one of its deadliest environmental disasters in modern history.

President Anura Kumara Dissanayake declared it the largest and most challenging natural disaster in our history”. Torrential rains triggered widespread floods and landslides, leading to more than 350 confirmed deaths, hundreds missing and over 1.4 million people affected nationwide.

Major road and rail systems were cut off, hydropower stations and water treatment plants failed, and thousands of families were forced into emergency shelters. Reservoirs overflowed, riverbanks collapsed and communities near the Mahaweli, Kelani, Malwathu Oya and Mundeni Aru river basins were inundated within hours.

These were not random failures. They were systemic. Many of the regions that flooded were vulnerable areas adjacent to coastal lagoons and low-lying river plains. Cyclone Ditwah was not an anomaly. It exposed the underlying fragilities of Sri Lanka’s existing flood-management and drainage infrastructure.

This follows on from the devastating tropical cyclone in 1978 and the Boxing Day 2004 tsunami disaster. Fifty years ago, flood infrastructure was not in a good state. Significant improvements haven’t been made since then, mainly due to poor urban planning.

Between 2018 and 2022, I worked with a global team of coastal engineers, social scientists and policy makers from academia and government organisations in the UK, Australia and Sri Lanka. Our research project focused on producing a new generation of compound flood hazard maps, based on computer modelling that considers all the storm surge components (surge, tide and sea level rise) and the rainfall effect.

I led the hydrological modelling efforts for Sri Lanka – focusing on how tropical-cyclone rainfall and storm surge combine to generate destructive flooding patterns for three vulnerable cities: Batticaloa, Mullaitivu and Mannar.

The team worked with Sri Lanka’s Coast Conservation and Coastal Resource Management Department to address a critical question: How do storm surges from tropical cyclones interact with rainfall to produce extreme inland and coastal floods?

Through analysis of historic cyclone tracks, we showed that Sri Lanka lies at the convergence of multiple storm pathways in the Bay of Bengal. This is why the country repeatedly suffers not only from rainfall-driven inundation but also from saltwater intrusion driven deep inland through lagoons and estuaries.

My team and I developed the hydrologic model for Batticaloa, using the Mundeni Aru river basin as a pilot case. We combined rainfall data, digital terrain maps (that indicate trees, buildings, roads and bare land) and river-flow simulations to identify the most vulnerable communities depending on the topography. Low-lying settlements adjacent to the Batticaloa and Valachchenai lagoons were particularly vulnerable to tropical cyclone-induced flooding.

Similar modelling work was proposed for Mullaitivu and Mannar, both historic cyclone-landfall regions. However, Covid-19 disrupted much of the planned in-country engagement, in-depth modelling and translation of findings into policy tools, creating a serious lag between scientific insights and what planning authorities are currently referencing.

Ditwah’s aftermath – breached embankments, power failures, displaced families, submerged neighbourhoods – corresponds almost exactly to the worst-case compound-flood scenarios shown by our data. These are not purely meteorological phenomena. They depend on the flow of water and land-based infrastructure.

Drainage networks still rely on outdated historical rainfall records. Coastal defences are built for storm surges of previous decades. Urban development continues to occupy natural flood buffers such as wetlands and lagoon edges. Vulnerability has become physically engineered into the landscape.

Proactive planning

Working with government agencies including the Coast Conservation and Coastal Resource Management Department, the Met Office and the Disaster Management Centre, Sri Lanka can proactively integrate compound-flood science into planning and disaster risk-reduction strategies.

This includes producing updated flood maps that capture rainfall, river flow, storm surge and sea-level-rise dynamics. Hydrological models can be translated into operational tools for national and municipal planning authorities.

Drainage and river-management systems (such as seasonal removal of sand and debris) can be redesigned with the future (not historical) rainfall intensities in mind. Improving early-warning systems involves incorporating multiple hazards and long-range scenario modelling can be embedded into disaster-preparedness and land-use planning.

These measures enable policymakers, engineers and local administrations to make evidence-based decisions that reflect accelerating climate-driven risks rather than obsolete assumptions.

Cyclone Ditwah should mark a turning point. With the right integration of science, planning and governance, disasters of this magnitude need not become inevitable hallmarks of Sri Lanka’s future. And by aligning infrastructure and policy with the real hydrological dynamics of our changing climate, governments can better protect people, environment and economy from the storms yet to come.

Ravindra Jayaratne is Reader in Coastal Engineering, University of East London.

Courtesy RenewablesNow

Sri Lanka has secured a USD-30-million loan from the International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank to support the upgrade of the national grid and enable the adoption of more renewable energy.

Author: Gerry Machen. License: Creative Commons, Attribution-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic.

The agreement, signed in early December by Treasury Secretary Harshana Suriyapperuma and World Bank Division Director David Sislen, forms the first phase of a USD-60-million programme for the Secure, Affordable, and Sustainable Energy for Sri Lanka Project.

The initiative will address technical constraints that currently limit the grid capacity and will support the government’s target of generating 70% of its electricity from renewables by 2030. It will be complemented by a planned World Bank payment guarantee facility designed to mobilise private capital for new renewable energy projects.

The loan is expected to be directed to the Ceylon Electricity Board. The electricity company will also lead the project, in coordination with the relevant authorities, including the ministry of energy.

In October, the government of Sri Lanka also secured USD 52 million from the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) to strengthen its power infrastructure and support renewables growth.

Courtesy Reliefweb

COLOMBO, 8 December 2025 – Tens of thousands of children are spending a second week in emergency shelters and in need of mental health support after Cyclone Ditwah tore through Sri Lanka, bringing the worst flooding and landslides in decades, Save the Children said.

At least 86,000 homes were damaged in the landslides and floods triggered by Cyclone Ditwah on 28 November. More than 630 people were killed, and nearly 70,000 are still living in temporary shelters, including schools [1].

Hundreds of schools, particularly in the heavily impacted Central and Uva provinces, have also been extensively damaged by floods and landslides, and all schools across Sri Lanka have delayed reopening after a break for a week.

A school in Colombo is now home for hundreds of families who were forced to flee from their flooded homes. At the peak of the floods, 800 people, including more than 260 children, packed into classrooms. Wooden school desks have been pushed together into makeshift beds for those most in need, such as pregnant and breastfeeding women, but most children are sleeping on mats on the concrete floor.

Best friends Rashmi* and Shoba* are living in the school hall. There’s no privacy for the 17-year-old girls who are both preparing for their exams and love reading, especially Sherlock Holmes novels.

Rashmi* said:

It’s so noisy here. It’s hot and crowded, so difficult to sleep – it’s so different from home.

The water came so fast in the middle of the night that we only had time to grab a few clothes. I’ve lost all my schoolbooks and was only able to save a few notes.”

Save the Children, and partner organisation CCH (Centre for Children’s Happiness), have started providing mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) for children and adolescents at the school, using TeamUp, an evidence-based methodology consisting of structured play and movement-based activities provided by trained facilitators.

Through TeamUp, owned by Save the Children and War Child, children can reduce stress, start to feel safe, learn to deal with their emotions and build resilience through play with their peers. The series of sessions brings much needed structure and routine by supporting their emotional wellbeing in the aftermath of Cyclone Ditwah. The non-verbal group activities also give trained staff the opportunity to identify and refer children who need more specialised support [2].

Rashmi* said:

[TeamUp] changed how I was feeling. Before I was thinking about my flooded home, but it took away those thoughts. I also got to know the other children here and make new friends.”

About 60 children joined the first TeamUp session which included activities with specific goals, such as dealing with anger or stress and interacting with peers.

Mayuran Thirunavukkarasu, Centre for Children’s Happiness, said:

Children are afraid – there is so much uncertainty about what will happen next. Their emotional security was lost [in the floods]. They have lost everything that makes them feel safe and is important to them, like their schoolbooks and clothes.

This is the worst disaster that many of them have experienced, so they have big feelings that they don’t have sufficient skills to deal with.”

Save the Children in Sri Lanka is working through partners to enable a locally led response to Cyclone Ditwah, including providing psychosocial support and play activities for children through TeamUp in child-friendly spaces in places where people have been displaced by the floods and landslides, and providing house cleaning kits.

Julian Chellappah, Country Director, Save the Children Sri Lanka said:

Mental health support for children in an emergency is not a nice to have, it’s a must have. Children are under immense stress in Sri Lanka, and if they do not get the urgent psychosocial support they need, their symptoms can worsen and become long-term.

Experiencing distress is a completely normal reaction to extreme, abnormal circumstances, like the floods and landslides triggered by Cyclone Ditwah.

Children often find it hard to make sense of crisis – it’s vital that mental health and psychosocial support is a priority to help them cope with the challenges now, and in the weeks and months ahead.”

Save the Children has been working in Sri Lanka since 1974, contributing to both humanitarian and development needs across the country, on thematic areas of education, child protection, health and nutrition, vocational skills development, and child rights governance.

References:

[1]https://www.dmc.gov.lk/images/dmcreports/Situation_Report_at_0600hrs_on_2025__1765241453.pdf

[2] More information on TeamUp at https://www.savethechildren.nl/sites/nl/files/2023-11/scnl-TeamUp-digiflyer.pdf

CCH (Centre for Children’s Happiness) is an independent and impartial, nonprofit organisation investing in protective, peaceful, positive childhood and environment for children and young people in Sri Lanka. Https://cch-srilanka.org/

Multimedia content available here: https://www.contenthubsavethechildren.org/Package/2O4C2SN6K8AJ

Courtesy The Daily Mirror

Colombo, Dec. 10 (Daily Mirror) – Unauthorised filling of the Muthurajawela wetlands and pollution led to the flooding of Gampaha town during the  recent floods, Archbishop of Colombo Cardinal Malcolm Ranjith said today. 

Cardinal Ranjith, who spoke during a service held at St. Joseph’s Church Grandpass in remembrance of the disaster victims, urged the government to stop unauthorised filling of the Muthurajawela wetlands. 

“We have never seen Gampaha town going under water in the past. The town went under water this time as a result of the unauthorised filling of the Muthrajawela,” he said.

Courtesy Adaderana

Russia has dispatched a consignment of 35 metric tons of humanitarian aid to Sri Lanka following the impact of Cyclone Ditwah. 

The shipment arrived this afternoon (10) at Bandaranaike International Airport (BIA) in Katunayake on a special cargo flight.

The consignment includes a mobile power station, vegetable oil, sugar, rice, and tents.

The Ilyushin IL-76—Russia’s largest cargo aircraft—transported the aid and landed at BIA at 1:10 p.m. today, said Ada Derana reporter.

Russian Ambassador to Sri Lanka, Levan Dzhagaryan; Minister of Ports and Civil Aviation, Anura Karunathilaka; Deputy Minister of Defense, Retired Major General Aruna Jayasekara; and Chairman of Airports and Aviation Services Limited, Air Vice Marshal Harsha Abeywickrama, along with several other officials, were present at the airport to receive the humanitarian consignment.

Dark Room

Bandula Kendaragama

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Page 1 of 31 ——— For further details, Contact Bandula Kendaragama on WhatsApp +61403204066
Attention: His Excellency Anura Kumara Dissanayake – Kotmale Dam – Gate Opening – Has Mahaweli Authority made a mistake or not? Is there something wrong in the system Your Excellency,

Could you please pass this information to His Excellency the President Anura Kumara Dissanayake.

I was attached to the CECB and worked in the construction of the dam from 1980 to 1985. I am a dam safety engineer with 48-years’ experience (and worked in 12 Countries). A copy of my CV is attached for your kind perusal. As I understand, the Dam Safety Emergency Management Plan (DSEMP) of the Kotmale Dam is very brief, the inundation plan is very small, not adequate to identify the villages likely to be inundated.

As soon as the decision was made to open the gates, the Mahaweli Authority and Disaster Management Centre should have notified the people in the potential inundation area Nowadays, almost all people are using Mobile Phones.

Therefore, the Govt should make an order to notify the people living in potential inundation areas to provide their Mobile numbers to the Disaster Management Centre. Then, the DMC should create a database of names and mobile numbers of all people living and working in the potential inundation areas. Then, the Disaster Management Centre can send SMSs (text and voice messages) to all people living in the potential inundation areas within minutes. In addition, in my view, social media SHOULD be used to disseminate this message.

This procedure is applicable to all emergency situations such as evacuation of population centres such as townships, hospitals, schools etc.,

If anyone needs more information on evacuation plans, please contact me on +61403204066. Your faithfully,

https://acrobat.adobe.com/link/spaces/urn%3Aaaid%3Asc%3AEU%3A714342fc-ee94-4d0a-8ecc-8182365c32c8/assets/urn%3Aaaid%3Asc%3AEU%3A20b3464d-c3f3-5f5c-ab69-4accbcf4d1e2

Dr. Asoka Bandarage  Courtesy: IPS NEWS

Tropical Cyclone Ditwah, which made landfall in Sri Lanka on 28 November 2025, is considered the country’s worst natural disaster since the deadly 2004 tsunami. It intensified the northeast monsoon, bringing torrential rainfall, massive flooding, and 215 severe landslides across seven districts. The cyclone left a trail of destruction, killing nearly 500 people, displacing over a million, destroying homes, roads, and railway lines, and disabling critical infrastructure including 4,000 transmission towers. Total economic losses are estimated at USD 6–7 billion—exceeding the country’s foreign reserves.

The Sri Lankan Armed Forces have led the relief efforts, aided by international partners including India and Pakistan. A Sri Lanka Air Force helicopter crashed in Wennappuwa, killing the pilot and injuring four others, while five Sri Lanka Navy personnel died in Chundikkulam in the north while widening waterways to mitigate flooding. The bravery and sacrifice of the Sri Lankan Armed Forces during this disaster—as in past disasters—continue to be held in high esteem by grateful Sri Lankans.

The Sri Lankan government, however, is facing intense criticism for its handling of Cyclone Ditwah, including failure to heed early warnings available since November 12, a slow and poorly coordinated response, and inadequate communication with the public. Systemic issues—underinvestment in disaster management, failure to activate protocols, bureaucratic neglect, and a lack of coordination among state institutions—are also blamed for avoidable deaths and destruction.

The causes of climate disasters such as Cyclone Ditwah go far beyond disaster preparedness. Faulty policymaking, mismanagement, and decades of unregulated economic development have eroded the island’s natural defenses. As climate scientist Dr. Thasun Amarasinghe notes:
Sri Lankan wetlands—the nation’s most effective natural flood-control mechanism—have been bulldozed, filled, encroached upon, and sold. Many of these developments were approved despite warnings from environmental scientists, hydrologists, and even state institutions.”

Sri Lanka’s current vulnerabilities also stem from historical deforestation and plantation agriculture associated with colonial-era export development. Forest cover declined from 82% in 1881 to 70% in 1900, and to 54–50% by 1948, when British rule ended. It fell further to 44% in 1954 and to 16.5% by 2019.

Deforestation contributes an estimated 10–12% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Beyond removing a vital carbon sink, it damages water resources, increases runoff and erosion, and heightens flood and landslide risk. Soil-depleting monocrop agriculture further undermines traditional multi-crop systems that regenerate soil fertility, organic matter, and biodiversity.

In Sri Lanka’s Central Highlands, which were battered by Cyclone Ditwah, deforestation and unregulated construction had destabilized mountain slopes. Although high-risk zones prone to floods and landslides had long been identified, residents were not relocated, and construction and urbanization continued unchecked.

Sri Lanka was the first country in Asia to adopt neoliberal economic policies. With the Open Economy” reforms of 1977, a capitalist ideology equating human well-being with quantitative growth and material consumption became widespread. Development efforts were rushed, poorly supervised, and frequently approved without proper environmental assessment.

Privatization and corporate deregulation weakened state oversight. The recent economic crisis and shrinking budgets further eroded environmental and social protections, including the maintenance of drainage networks, reservoirs, and early-warning systems. These forces have converged to make Sri Lanka a victim of a dual climate threat: gradual environmental collapse and sudden-onset disasters.

Sri Lanka: A Climate Victim

Sri Lanka’s carbon emissions remain relatively small but are rising. The impact of climate change on the island, however, is immense. Annual mean air temperature has increased significantly in recent decades (by 0.016 °C annually between 1961 and 1990). Sea-level rise has caused severe coastal erosion—0.30–0.35 meters per year—affecting nearly 55% of the shoreline. The 2004 tsunami demonstrated the extreme vulnerability of low-lying coastal plains to rising seas.

The Cyclone Ditwah catastrophe was neither wholly new nor surprising. In 2015, the Geneva-based Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) identified Sri Lanka as the South Asian country with the highest relative risk of disaster-related displacement: For every million inhabitants, 15,000 are at risk of being displaced every year.”

IDMC also noted that in 2017 the country experienced seven disaster events—mainly floods and landslides—resulting in 135,000 new displacements and that  Sri Lanka is also at risk for slow-onset impacts such as soil degradation, saltwater intrusion, water scarcity, and crop failure”.

Sri Lanka ranked sixth among countries most affected by extreme weather events in 2018 (Germanwatch) and second in 2019 (Global Climate Risk Index). Given these warnings, Cyclone Ditwah should not have been a surprise. Scientists have repeatedly cautioned that warmer oceans fuel stronger cyclones and warmer air holds more moisture, leading to extreme rainfall. As the Ceylon Today editorial of December 1, 2025 also observed:
…our monsoons are no longer predictable. Cyclones form faster, hit harder, and linger longer. Rainfall becomes erratic, intense, and destructive. This is not a coincidence; it is a pattern.”

Without urgent action, even more extreme weather events will threaten Sri Lanka’s habitability and physical survival.

A Global Crisis

Extreme weather events—droughts, wildfires, cyclones, and floods—are becoming the global norm. Up to 1.2 billion people could become climate refugees” by 2050. Global warming is disrupting weather patterns, destabilizing ecosystems, and posing severe risks to life on Earth. Indonesia and Thailand were struck by the rare and devastating Tropical Cyclone Senyar in late November 2025, occurring simultaneously with Cyclone Ditwah’s landfall in Sri Lanka.

More than 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions—and nearly 90% of carbon emissions—come from burning coal, oil, and gas, which supply about 80% of the world’s energy. Countries in the Global South, like Sri Lanka, which contribute least to greenhouse gas emissions, are among the most vulnerable to climate devastation. Yet wealthy nations and multilateral institutions, including the World Bank, continue to subsidize fossil fuel exploration and production. Global climate policymaking—including COP 30 in Belém, Brazil, in 2025—has been criticized as ineffectual and dominated by fossil fuel interests.

If the climate is not stabilized, long-term planetary forces beyond human control may be unleashed. Technology and markets are not inherently the problem; rather, the issue lies in the intentions guiding them. The techno-market worldview, which promotes the belief that well-being increases through limitless growth and consumption, has contributed to severe economic inequality and more frequent extreme weather events. The climate crisis, in turn, reflects a profound mismatch between the exponential expansion of a profit-driven global economy and the far slower evolution of human consciousness needed to uphold morality, compassion, generosity and wisdom.

Sri Lanka’s 2025–26 budget, adopted on November 14, 2025—just as Cyclone Ditwah loomed—promised subsidized land and electricity for companies establishing AI data centers in the country. President Anura Kumara Dissanayake told Parliament: Don’t come questioning us on why we are giving land this cheap; we have to make these sacrifices.”
Yet Sri Lanka is a highly water-stressed nation, and a growing body of international research shows that AI data centers consume massive amounts of water and electricity, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions.

The failure of the narrow, competitive techno-market approach underscores the need for an ecological and collective framework capable of addressing the deeper roots of this existential crisis—both for Sri Lanka and the world.

Ecological and Human Protection

Ecological consciousness demands recognition that humanity is part of the Earth, not separate from it. Policies to address climate change must be grounded in this understanding, rather than in worldviews that prize infinite growth and technological dominance. Nature has primacy over human-created systems: the natural world does not depend on humanity, while humanity cannot survive without soil, water, air, sunlight, and the Earth’s essential life-support systems.

Although a climate victim today, Sri Lanka is also home to an ancient ecological civilization dating back to the arrival of the Buddhist monk Mahinda Thera in the 3rd century BCE. Upon meeting King Devanampiyatissa, who was out hunting in Mihintale, Mahinda Thera delivered one of the earliest recorded teachings on ecological interdependence and the duty of rulers to protect nature:

O great King, the birds of the air and the beasts of the forest have as much right to live and move about in any part of this land as thou. The land belongs to the people and all living beings; thou art only its guardian.”

A stone inscription at Mihintale records that the king forbade the killing of animals and the destruction of trees. The Mihintale Wildlife Sanctuary is believed to be the world’s first.

Sri Lanka’s ancient dry-zone irrigation system—maintained over more than a millennium—stands as a marvel of sustainable development. Its network of interconnected reservoirs, canals, and sluices captured monsoon waters, irrigated fields, controlled floods, and even served as a defensive barrier. Floods occurred, but historical records show no disasters comparable in scale, severity, or frequency to those of today. Ancient rulers, including the legendary reservoir-builder King Parākramabāhu, and generations of rice farmers managed their environment with remarkable discipline and ecological wisdom.

The primacy of nature became especially evident when widespread power outages and the collapse of communication networks during Cyclone Ditwah forced people to rely on one another for survival. The disaster ignited spontaneous acts of compassion and solidarity across all communities—men and women, rich and poor, Buddhists, Christians, Muslims, and Hindus. Local and international efforts mobilized to rescue, shelter, feed, and emotionally support those affected. These actions demonstrated a profound human instinct for care and cooperation, often filling vacuums left by formal emergency systems.

Yet spontaneous solidarity alone is insufficient. Sri Lanka urgently needs policies on sustainable development, environmental protection, and climate resilience. These include strict, science-based regulation of construction; protection of forests and wetlands; proper maintenance of reservoirs; and climate-resilient infrastructure. Schools should teach environmental literacy that builds unity and solidarity, rather than controversial and divisive curriculum changes like the planned removal of history and introduction of contested modules on gender and sexuality.

If the IMF and international creditors—especially BlackRock, Sri Lanka’s largest sovereign bondholder, valued at USD 13 trillion—are genuinely concerned about the country’s suffering, could they not cancel at least some of Sri Lanka’s sovereign debt and support its rebuilding efforts?  Addressing the climate emergency and the broader existential crisis facing Sri Lanka and the world ultimately requires an evolution in human consciousness guided by morality, compassion, generosity and wisdom.

Dr Asoka Bandarage is the author of Colonialism in Sri Lanka:  The Political Economy of the Kandyan Highlands, 1833-1886 (Mouton) Women, Population and Global Crisis: A Politico-Economic Analysis (Zed Books), The Separatist Conflict in Sri Lanka: Terrorism, Ethnicity, Political Economy, ( Routledge), Sustainability and Well-Being: The Middle Path to Environment, Society and the Economy (Palgrave MacMillan) Crisis in Sri Lanka and the World: Colonial and Neoliberal Origins, Ecological and Collective Alternatives (De Gruyter) and numerous other publications. ​She serves on the ​Advisory Boards of the Interfaith Moral Action on Climate​ and Critical Asian Studies.

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By Rohana R. Wasala

The Joint Opposition rally dubbed the ‘Maha Jana Handa’ (Vox Populi/ Voice of the People) held at the Ananda Samarakoon Open Air Theatre, Nugegoda on November 21, 2025 has suddenly acquired an increasing potential to be remembered as a significant turning point in post-civil conflict Sri Lankan politics, in the wake of the meteorological catastrophe caused by the calamitous Ditwa cyclonic storm that devastated the whole island from north to south and east to west on an unprecedented scale. But the strength of this  prospect depends on the collective coordinated success of the future public awareness raising rallies against the incumbent Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP)-led Jathika Janabalavegaya or the National People’s Power (NPP) government promised by the participating opposition parties. They are set to expose what they perceive as the government’s utterly inexperienced and unexpectedly authoritarian stand on certain vitally important issues including the country’s national security and independence, political and economic stability, and the Lankan state’s unitary status. The government is also alleged to be moving towards establishing a form of old-fashioned single party Marxist dictatorship in place of the firmly established system of governance based on parliamentary democracy that the adventitious ‘Aragalaya’ protest of 2022 almost toppled, but that the timely intervention of some patriotic elements, though themselves still having to disclose some skeletons in the closet,  saved.   

The minefield of policy making that the government must negotiate is strewn with issues including, among others: the seven or so recent  agreements or MOUs (?) secretly signed with India; the unresolved controversy over the allegedly illegal clearance of some 323 containers (with unknown goods) from the harbour; the Prime Minister’s arbitrary,apparently  ill-considered and hasty education reforms without proper parliamentary discussion; the proposed culturally sensitive lgbtqia+…..legislation non-issue (it is a non-issue for Sri Lanka, given its dominant culture); the digital cards problem; the so-called IMF debt trap; dealing with the unfair, virtually unilateral UNHRC resolutions against Sri Lanka; the inexplicably submissive surrender of the control of the profit-making Colombo Dockyard PLC, Sri Lanka’s pioneer ship building and ship repairing centre which is one of Sri its key national assets to India; some government MPs’ eyebrow raising personal assets declarations, and the government’s attention-seeking theatrical handling of anti-narcotic and anti-corruption operations. The opposition politicians relentlessly criticise the ruling JVP/NPP’s failure to come out clean on these matters. But they themselves are not likely to be at an easy wicket if challenged to reveal their own positions regarding the above-mentioned issues.    

 In addition to those problems, the much more formidable challenge of unsolicited foreign-power interference in Sri Lanka’s internal affairs, in the guise of friendly intervention, remains an unavoidable circumstance that we are required to survive in the geostrategically sensitive region where our homeland is located. Having  been active right from the departure of the British colonialists in 1948, the foreign interference menace intensified after the successful ending of armed separatist terrorism in 2009. Such external interferences are locally assisted by latent domestic communal disharmony as well as real political factionalism, both of which are  normal in any democratic country. 

The war-winning president, Mahinda Rajapaksa, leader of the the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP)-led United People’s Freedom Alliance (UPFA), was made to suffer a largely unexpected electoral defeat in 2015 through a foreign-engineered regime change operation, that tacitly favoured his key rival, Ranil Wickremasinghe, who was then leading Sri Lanka’s Grand Old Party the generally pro-West and rightist United National Party (UNP) founded in September 1946. Mahinda Rajapaksa was betrayed by his most trusted lieutenant Maithripala Sirisena, said to have been co-opted as a muppet into that grand scheme, who later proved that he was not malleable enough for the role.

The SLFP, a more middle of the way socialist-leaning rival political party,  was formed in September 1951 (that is, five years after the birth of the UNP)  and was elected to power in 1956, ending a near decade under the rather West-friendly latter party. It was deemed to be a ‘revolution’ that started an era of ‘transition’ (from elitist to common citizen rule). From nominal independence in 1948, governing power has to date alternated between these two parties or alliances led by them, except for the last electoral year, 2024. Though incumbent executive president, Anura Kumara Dissanayake, may be said to have made history in this sense, the fact remains that he was barely able to scrape just 43% of the popular vote as the head of a newly formed, Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP)-led, alliance called the Jathika Janabalavegaya or the National People’s Power (NPP). Anura Kumara Dissanayake was installed in office as executive president in September 2024. But his less than convincing electoral approval triggered a massive victory for the NPP at the parliamentary election that followed in November, giving him a parliament with 159 members, which is unprecedented in Sri Lanka’s electoral history. 

In my opinion, there are two main reasons for this outcome. One is that the average Sri Lankan voters trust democracy. Since the president elect is accepted as having won the favour of the majority of the pan-Sri Lankan electorate, the general public choose to forget about their personal party affiliations and tend to vote for the parliamentary candidates from the party of the elected president. This is particularly true of the majority Sinhalese Buddhist community represented by the two mainstream, non-communal national parties, the UNP and the SLFP.  The brittle foundation of that victory is not likely to sustain a strong enough administration that is capable of introducing the nebulous ‘system change’ that they have promised in their manifesto, while it is becoming clear that the general performance of the government seems to be falling far short of the real public expectations, which are not identical with the unconscionable demands made by the few separatist elements among the peaceful Tamil diaspora in the West to whom the JVP/NPP alliance seems to owe its significantly qualified electoral success in 2024. 

  The Maha Jana Handa reminded me of the long Janabalaya Protest March from Kandy to Colombo where it ended in a mass rally on September 5, 2018. That hugely successful event was organized by the youth wing of the SLPP led by Namal Rajapaksa, who was an Opposition MP during the Yahapalanaya. He has played the same role just as efficiently on the most recent occasion, too. At the end of his address during the Maha Jana Handa, he declared his determination to bring down the malfunctioning JVP/NPP government at the earliest instance possible. Probably, he missed Ranil’s protege Harin Fernando’s speech that came earlier. This was because Namal Rajapaksa joined the rally midway. Harin Fernando had brought a message from his mentor Ranil Wickremasinghe to be read out to the rally audience. But he said he didn’t want to do so after all, saying that it was not suitable for that moment. Anyway, during his speech, Harin Fernando said emphatically that the era of heir-apparents or crown princes was gone for good. People knew that he was alluding to Sajith Premadasa and Namal Rajapaksa (sons of former presidents hopeful of succeeding Anura Kumara Dissanayake). Harin was seen biting his tongue or sticking it out a little as he was preparing to leave the stage at the end of his address. Was he regretting what he had just said or was he cocking a snook at what, he was sure, was Namal’s ambition that would be revealed in his speech, the rally having been organised by the Pohottuwa or the SLPP that he leads? 

To be continued

Shenali D Waduge

Sri Lanka is in shock. Never before in our history has all 25 districts been affected at once. We are in national mourning. The resilience of our people has been unwavering. 

As a nation we have endured 17 South Indian invasions, 3 colonial illegal occupations. 2 armed insurgencies, 3 decades of LTTE terror, a single incident of Islamic terror, a devastating tsunami in 2004 covid, violent regime change and now cyclone Ditwah. Our strength to withstand and rise is guided by the Dhamma, a civilization that was built on compassion, wisdom and balance with nature. That spiritual resilience is within us. This is our cultural inheritance that shields us during times of suffering. This spirit carries the nation forward. Our resilience is not new, it is ancestral. Buddhas’s values have guided us over 2500 years – this spiritual foundation is the target. To break the spiritual foundation is the aim for a nation broken of its foundation is a nation easy to prey on. This is what we must contemplate on. As a Buddhist majority nation, where the foundation of society & life is based on Buddhist principles, there is a lesson for every citizen. There is much to introspect.

The Buddha taught that everything in this world arises from causes.

When we cut the forests, loosen the soil, build on steep slopes, and ignore the advice of nature, the earth simply responds to the causes we have created.

Those who enabled illegal construction — whether through bribes, negligence, or silence — must reflect deeply on the suffering caused and their role in it. 

1. Nature follows Causes and Conditions  

In Buddhism, nothing happens without causes.
A landslide is not bad luck.” A cyclone is not punishment.”
They arise from interdependent causes:

·      Deforestation

·      Greed-driven land misuse

·      Building on dangerous slopes

·      Ignoring environmental balance

·      Extreme weather patterns intensified by human actions

What is our Lesson:

If we disturb nature out of greed or ignorance, nature responds according to the causes created.

From understanding causes, we then turn to our duties as individuals and leaders

2. Human Duty (Kamma of Responsibility), Not Blame

The Buddha taught that wise action reduces suffering.
In the Cakkavatti Sīhanāda Sutta, rulers and communities are advised to:

·      Protect the vulnerable

·      Ensure right livelihood

·      Care for land, forests, water

·      Maintain social and environmental harmony

This is why all rulers must be dharmishta. 

Lesson:
When we neglect our duties—to the land, to forests, to each other—suffering arises.
When we fulfill them, harmony returns.

We have the answer.

3. Respect for the Environment is Respect for Life

In many Jātaka stories, animals, forests, and mountains are treated as living systems.

Our ancient Sihale kings did just that.

Teach children to respect the environment

Protect the Environment.

Environment Protects all Beings.

Examples:

·      Ruru Jātaka: compassion toward beings in danger from floods

·      Nigrodha Jātaka: importance of trees and forest life

·      Sasa Jātaka: selflessness during natural hardship

The Ruru Jātaka 482 (The Deer King Story) – Lesson for Disaster Preparedness

Buddha was born as a compassionate deer who saved a drowning man after a sudden flood. Later, the man betrays the deer by revealing his location to the king, hoping for a reward. But when the king finally meets the Deer King, he is moved by the deer’s compassion and vows to protect the forest.

What does this teach us?

1.    Nature can change suddenly.
Just like the sudden flood in the story, landslides and cyclones can occur without warning.

2.    Compassion must guide action.
The Deer King risked his life to save another.
Communities must help one another in times of disaster.

3.    Protecting the environment protects us.
The king understood that the forest was precious and promised to safeguard it.
Reforestation and environmental care reduce future disasters. 

The solution going forward.

4.    Wisdom over greed.
The man’s betrayal caused suffering for himself.
Greed-driven decisions — illegal logging, unsafe construction — lead to disaster.

5.    Safety comes from right action (Kusala Kamma).
Planning, respecting nature, and listening to warnings ensure long-term protection.

How this Jātaka applies to Sri Lanka today

·      Restore the forests that stabilize hills.

·      Ensure honest, compassionate leadership.

·      Teach children environmental respect.

·      Build only in safe, geologically approved lands.

·      Support neighbours generously during emergencies.

Just as the Deer King won protection for the forest,
Sri Lanka must make strong decisions today in keeping with our culture and not based on foreign templates.
Sri Lanka must protect her people tomorrow.

Lesson:
Destroying forests destroys the protection that nature gives us.

Landslides remind us that cutting trees is cutting our own safety.

How many hotels, villas have been built illegally with municipality permission based on bribes

Though spoken thousands of years ago, the Jātaka wisdom fits our modern crises exactly, reminding us that environmental harmony was a Buddha-era teaching

4.Impermanence (Anicca) — Everything can change in an instant – Nothing is permanent

Cyclones and landslides show that conditions can collapse suddenly.

Nothing can be taken for granted.

No one can be taken for granted too.

The Buddha repeatedly reminded disciples:

·      Mountains can crumble

·      Rivers can overflow

·      Life changes in a moment

Lesson:
We should live mindfully, prepared, and with humility.
We must build not only houses, but resilience. Many Sri Lankans have this and have shown this by their good deeds.

When leaders or citizens believe they can overpower nature, they forget the reality of Anicca.

5. Compassion (Karunā) in Times of Suffering

When disaster strikes, the Buddhist response is immediate compassion:

·      Share food – even when they do not have to feed themselves.

·      Help the displaced – even when their dwellings are falling apart

·      Offer safety to children and elderly – even when they too are vulnerable

·      Support families who have lost homes

This aligns with the Metta Sutta:
May all beings be safe. May all beings be protected.”

Lesson:
Disasters test a nation’s collective compassion.
Our humanity becomes our greatest strength.

6. Wise use of Resources (Appamāda – Diligence)

The Buddha called carelessness the doorway to suffering.

Building unsafe homes, ignoring warnings, or allowing illegal land use is a form of societal carelessness. Politicians and public servants have much to be held responsible for. Their conscience should prick them.

Lesson:
Appamāda means being diligent:

·      Planning safe housing

·      Replanting trees

·      Enforcing laws without corruption

·      Preparing evacuation plans

·      Educating communities

Diligence prevents suffering before it arises.

7. Unity during difficulty

In disasters, divisions of race, religion, politics disappear.

We saw this in practice.

Even our foreign tourist friends joined in the rescue operations.
People help each other simply because they are human.

This reflects the Buddha’s teaching of  — unity, cooperation, and collective strength.

Lesson:
Sri Lanka must rediscover unity not only during suffering, but before suffering emerges.

This unity must translate into policy, preparedness, and a shared commitment to protect all communities equally.

What should we learn?

The landslide teaches us:

·      Do not disturb the earth beyond safe limits.

·      Restore forests that protect our slopes.

·      Live with environmental mindfulness.

The cyclone teaches us:

·      Nature is powerful and constantly changing.

·      Preparedness, humility, and compassion are necessary.

Both teach Sri Lanka:

·      Greed creates danger; wisdom creates safety.

·      Protecting nature is protecting ourselves.

·      Duties, not demands, keep a society safe.

·      Compassion must rise immediately in times of hardship.

The recent landslides and cyclones remind us of a timeless truth taught by the Buddha:
When causes are unwise, the results bring suffering.

When causes are wise, the results bring safety.”

From the Cakkavatti Sīhanāda Sutta, rulers are called to uphold five duties:

1.    Protect the vulnerable — the poor, farmers, mothers, children, and the elderly.

2.    Preserve the natural environment — forests, rivers, mountains, and wildlife.

3.    Ensure righteous livelihoods — preventing illegal logging, unsafe construction, and corruption.

4.    Act with compassion — respond quickly, with fairness and without discrimination.

5.    Be vigilant (Appamāda) — because carelessness leads to the downfall of nations.

The landslide & cyclones are signals that our balance with nature has weakened.

It is now in the hands of the leaders to 

·      Reforest the hills – tea plantations were what the colonials enforced. How wise has this been for the environment. 

·      Enforce land-use laws without fear or favor.

·      Relocate families from red zones with dignity & support – land belongs to no one but the soil.

·      Build homes according to geotechnical wisdom not political pressure or palming hands

·      Restore the rivers & watersheds that sustain life – our ancient kings thought & acted wisely.

A leader’s greatness is measured not by speeches or ceremonies, but by how many lives are protected.

Leaders must act decisively. Buddha’s Dasa Raja Dhamma reminds rulers that their duty is not merely administration but protection of life, justice and the environment. 

Decisions regarding reforestation, relocation, land-use must be taken without political gain or foreign influence. Good governance is not optional it is a sacred obligation.

The Buddhist Leadership Framework

The Buddha taught that a ruler must embody the Dasa Raja Dhamma — the Ten Duties of a Righteous Leader:

1.    Dana – generosity

2.    Sila – morality

3.    Pariccaga – self-sacrifice

4.    Ajjava – honesty

5.    Maddava – gentleness

6.    Tapa – self-discipline

7.    Akkodha – non-anger

8.    Avihimsa – non-violence

9.    Khanti – patience

10. Avirodhana – upholding justice & harmony

These ten qualities are not ornamental teachings from a distant past; they are practical, real-time obligations for rulers, especially in moments like this. 

When leaders embody them, a nation is protected; when they abandon them, a nation collapses.

And the Buddha highlighted the Five Qualities of Enlightened Leadership:
Sīla (ethical conduct), 

Dāna (giving), 

Pariccaga (renunciation), 

Paññā (wisdom), 

Avihiṁsā (non-harm).

These qualities are not philosophical ideals — they are actionable duties.
Sri Lanka’s leaders must now embody them.

Natural calamities are not merely weather events —
they are reminders that when rulers abandon their duties and citizens forget their responsibilities, the balance between humans and nature breaks.

If leaders ignore this warning, disaster capitalism will exploit the suffering, and Sri Lanka will enter a cycle of irreversible decline — environmental, social, and moral.

A combination of these qualities and principles will put leaders back on track & safeguard the nation from further and future natural national calamities.

No leader can escape the ancient texts and teachings. Leaders have national responsibilities. Human life, nature’s sustenance must be placed above all political considerations before disaster capitalism leaders to new sets of irreversible calamities. Calamities which will have more adverse outcomes.

Today—not next month, not after inquiries—leaders must make the decisions that protect human life, stabilize our environment, and restore Sri Lanka’s long-lost ecological balance.

Good governance is not optional.

For a Buddhist nation, it is an obligation.

Leaders are custodians of the land, the people, the animals, and the future generations.

Conscience must be placed above convenience.
Wisdom above politics.
Protection of life above all else.

Sri Lanka has always risen from hardship through compassion and wisdom.
With right action today, we can transform this suffering into the foundation of a safer, wiser, and spiritually stronger nation — for all living beings.

Shenali D Waduge

Dr Ruwan M Jayatunge M.D.

Facilitators 

Dr. Upali Peiris -Consultant Psychiatrist
Dr. Ruwan M Jayatunge – Medical Doctor / Clinical Psychologist
Dr. Priya – General Practitioner

Date: 11th of December 2025, Thursday
Time 8.30 pm

Link; https://meet.jit.si/moderated/974a3405ecd97ef132153456f7d2e23e8a0a6311d1976d4227808f5f198ccfba

උදය ප්‍රභාත් පතිරණගේ  උපුටාගැනීම-උපුටාගැණීම මුහුනුපොත

නොම්ලේවත් කවුරුවත් යූස් කරන්නේ නැති ඒවා…

ශ්‍රී ලංකාව සිංහල බෞද්ධ රාජ්‍යක් නොව, එය සර්ව ආගමික රාජ්‍යක්. එහි ඉතිහාසයේ සිංහලයාට වඩා වැඩි ඉතිහාසයක් දමිළයන්ට ඇත, යන්න තේමා කරගෙන, මාළිමා ආණ්ඩුව ” ශ්‍රී ලංකන් ඩේ ” එකක් දෙසැම්බර් 12 සිදු කරන්න, කෝටි 300 ක් අය – වැයෙන් වෙන් කරනවා.

නමුත් ස්වභාදහම එයට අවනත නොවන නිසාත්, ලංකාවේ ජනතාවගේ දැඩි විරෝධය මධ්‍යයේ, අනුර කුමාර දිසානායක ඇතුළු බෞද්ධ විරෝධි බලවේගයන්ට එය අකුළා ගන්න සිදුවෙනවා.

මෙහිදි ශ්‍රී ලංකන් ඩේ හි ප්‍රධාන සංවිධායිකාව වන්නේ, සමනලී ෆොන්සේකා. ඔව් අර ලංකාවේ කුණු ප්‍රශ්නයට, ලංකාවේ සොළොස්මස්ථානයන්ගෙන් එකක් වන ජේතවනාරාමයේ කුණු පුරවන්න ඕන කියලා කීව කෙනා තමයි ……………………….

ඔව්. එයාලට බුදු දහම ගැන ලොකු ඇරියස් එකක් එදා සිටම තිබුනා. නමුත් මෙවර සිංහල බෞද්ධයන්ගෙන් ආ විරෝධය නිසා, සමනලීට ශ්‍රී ලංකන් ඩේ එකට, වෙන්කරපු කෝටි 300 න් 30 කට විතර විදින්න තිබුන චාන්ස් එක නැති වෙනවා. ඒ වගේද ප්‍රංශය ඇතුළු විදෙස් රටවල NGO වලින් ලැබෙන ඩොලර් මිලියන් ගණන, ඒ සියල්ල සමනලීට මෙමගින් නැතිවෙනවා.

එනිසා ඇය ඉතාම නීච පහත් ලෙස, ගෞතම බුදුන්ගේ සිද්ධාර්ථ අවධිය අල්ලලා කවි පංතියක්, මහා සංඝරත්නයට අපහාස වන පරිද්දෙන් රචනා කරලා පලකර තිබෙනවා. නමුත් ඇය දැකලා නෑ. ගංගාරාමය නවම් පෙරහැර නතර කරලා ලක්ෂ 300 ක් රජයට දුන්න එක. ඒ වගේම ගම්වල තියෙන වෙහෙර විහාර මේ කාලයේ නිරායාසයෙන්ම අපදා සහන මධ්‍යස්ථාන වු ආකාරය. විපතට පත් අයට සංඝරත්නය එලෙස පිහිට වෙද්දිත්, සමනලි ෆොන්සේකා කැත විදිහට තිසරණයට අපහාස කරලා තිබෙනවා.

සිද්ධාර්ථ රාග, දේවේශ, මෝහ නැති කරලා, බුද්ධත්වයට සැපැමිනියා. එහිදි ඇති වු බුද්ධිය හරහා රාග දේවේශ මෝහ නැති කරන්න අවශ්‍ය මාර්ගය වු චතුරාර්‍ය සත්‍ය අවබෝධ කරගන්නවා. එවැනි උත්තමයෙක්ට තමා සමනලී ෆොන්සේකා අපහාස කරන්නේ. ඒ වගේම බුදුන් වහන්සේ අවබෝධ කරගත්, මග ගිය සංඝරත්නයටත් අපහාස කරනවා.

වීතරාගී, වීතමෝහි, වීතදෝසි උත්තමයෙක්ට අපහාස කරාම, දිට්ඨධම්ම වේදණියවම පරිසන් දෙනවා. දැනටමත් සමනලීට පරිසන් දීලා තියෙන්නේ. එය බලාගන්න පුළුවන්, ඕනම මොහොමත ඇයගේ ලේ චෙක් කරලා. එනිසා ඇය ගැන ඊට වඩා දේවල් කියන්න යන්නේ නෑ.

NGO වල සල්ලිවලට “සිද්ධාර්ථ ආත්මාර්ථකාමියෙක් ” කියලා පොත් ලියපු හිනිදුම සුනිල් සෙනවි, අද ආගමික හා බෞද්ධ කටයුතු ඇමති, ඔහු කතෝලිකයෙක්.

ගෝඨා ගොබ්බයා, ගෝඨගේ අයියා ගොබ්බයා කියලා, අරගලයෙදි පාරේ නටපු “මුනිර් මුෆ්ෆර් බෞද්ධ නියෝජ්‍ය ඇමති.

දළදා මාළිගාවට බෝම්බ ගහන්න, චීවරයේ ආයුධ හංගන් ගියපු මාතලේ ගමගෙදර දිසානායක සංස්කෘතික ඇමති.

බුද්ධ සාසන අමාත්‍යංශය ඉවත් කරලා, එය ආගමික අමාත්‍යාංශයට දානවා. වසර 2600 ක ඉතිහාසයේ බුද්ධ සාසනයට සැළකිල්ලක් නැතිවු එකම වසර මෙයයි. අතීතයේ රජවරැ බුද්ධාගම ආරක්ෂා කරේ. අක්කර දහස් ගණන් නින්දගම් දීලා. අද දීපුවත් බලෙන් අල්ලා ගන්නවා.

මොවුන් සැළසුම් සහගතවම 2026 පාසල් පෙළපොත්වලින් සිංහල බෞද්ධ ඉතිහාසය ඉවත් කරලා, සිංහල දමිළ ඉතිහාසයක් ඇතුල් කරලා තියෙන්නේ.

දළදා ⁣දැක්මක් කරන්නම් වාලේ සිදුකරලා, දළදා වහන්සේට අපහාස කරා.

ස්වාමින් වහන්සේලාගේ හිසට කුඩවලින් පහර දීලා, තට්ට පැළුවා. මාරයටවත් වසගයට ගන්න බැරි වු විතරාගී බුදුන් වහන්සේව, උන්වහන්සේගේ උද්දේසික ධාතු වු පිළිම වහන්සේව අත්අඩංගුවට ගත්තා කියලා, ආනන්ද වඩිවේල් විසින් පාර්ලිමේන්තුවෙදි පවසනවා.

ලොව්තුරා සම්බුදු පියාණන් වහන්සේට කරන අපහාස සක්වල කෝටියකට බලපානවා කියලා මොවුන් දන්නේ නෑ. එනිසයි මේ විපත් ලංකාවට ඇති වෙලා තියෙන්නේ. මෙවැනි පාපතරයින් පිරිසකට බලය දුන් ජනතාවටත්, ඒ ගැන ඇස් කන් පියන් සිටපු ජනතාවටත්, තමන්ගේ කර්මාණුකූල කර්මයන්ට ලක් වු පිරිසත් මෙමගින් විදවනවා.

අපිත් විදනවනවා. එනම් මෙවැනි කාලයක, කාල විපත්තියට අපිත් ලක්වෙන නිසා.

පිං සිද්ධ වෙයි. අපිව ඕන නම් මරලා දාන්න. එහෙත් සාරා සංඛ්‍යෙ කල්ප ලක්ෂයක් පෙරැම් පුරලා, අහසේ තරැවලට වඩා නෙත් දන් දීලා, මුහුදේ ජලයට වඩා ලේ දන් දීපු, බෝධි සත්වයන්ට හා බුද්ධත්වයට පත්වු ගෞතමයන්ට අපහාස කරන්න එපා. ඔයාලා අටමහා නිරයේ දුක් විදින කාලය කියන්න බෑ. මිත්‍යා දෘෂ්ඨිකත්වයට කාලයක් නැති

නිසා.

එනිසා මෙය කියවන අයත් සමනලි ෆොනිසේකා නොහොත් චිච්චිමානවිකාවියට අනුකම්පා කරන්න. ඇය ගැන දන්න අය දන්නවා. ඇය මේ වන විටත් ගෙවන විකෘති ජීවිතය ගැන.

ලංකාවේ සියළුම වෙහෙර විහාරවල, සුළිකුණාටුවෙන් මිය ගිය ආත්මවලට පිං දුන්නා නේද. එම ආත්මයන්ම ඉදිරියෙදි මේ ආණ්ඩුවේ වැරදි නිවරදි කරයි, අනුර කුමාර දිසානායක නිසා, සියළුම ලාංකියන් කාල විපත්තියකට ලක්වෙලා ඉන්නේ. එබැවින් කාටවත් බනින්න දෙස් තියන්න එපා. විශ්වයට සුදු කිරණ මුදාහරින්න මෛත්‍රීය වඩමු.

නමුත් සිදුවන දේ ගැන සම්මා සතියෙන්, හා දෘෂ්ඨියෙන් ඉන්න.

උදය ප්‍රභාත් පතිරණගේ ……………………………………………. උපුටාගැනීම-