KAMALIKA PIERIS
After
Eelam war IV ended, Tamil Separatist Movement returned to the topic of the Sinhalisation
of North and East. They were concerned about three matters, Sinhala
settlements, Buddhist temples and archaeological sites.
Sinhala colonies, Buddhist temples, and Buddha statues were being aggressively constructed with military sponsorship, said Tamil Separatist Movement. The purpose was to bifurcate Tamil speaking areas, alter the demography of the north and east, and to encourage ‘Sinhala Buddhisation’ of the Tamil homeland.
Settlements
There
were many allegations of state- and army-assisted Sinhala occupation of
agricultural and private land. In 2014,
Tamil Separatist Movement feared that
vesting state land in National
Housing Development Authority, Sri Lanka Ports Authority, Department of
Archaeology and the Mahaweli Authority will lead to Sinhalese settling on the
land.
In
2016 Tamil Peoples’ Council (TPC) said that the government had deliberately
settled more than 10,000 Sinhalese families in Navatkuli, Murunkan, Mullaitivu,
and Vavuniya where previously there were no Sinhalese. The Eluga
Tamil rally of September2016 in Jaffna demanded an immediate halt to this.
,
The
media reported that In Navatkuli, 10 kilometers from Jaffna, a Sinhala village
had been started in 2010. 57 families had received around 20 perches each. We
came here in 2010. We gathered all Sinhalese who once lived in Jaffna and those
who wanted to live here once again by placing a newspaper advertisement. In the
early 1980s, we had received state-owned land in Jaffna. That area is now
occupied by Tamils.
For three months we stayed at the Jaffna
railway station. We then occupied this land. There were a hundred people with
me. I lived in a hut for almost a year. Thereafter we received a donation from
a Sinhala philanthropist. Later, with the support of the Buddhist priest, who
also took up residence here, we started to construct our houses, said the
spokesperson.
In
August 2016, Galagodaathe Gnanasara, head of Bodu Bala Sena, said that the
Sinhalese in Kokeliya, the only Sinhala village in Vavuniya were being chased
away. There were about 2500
families initially but they were moved away to other villages during the
war. About 170 came back but now there
are only 35 families there. They do not receive even the basic needs provided
to the Tamils. They do not step out of house during nights.
Mannar
United Fishermen’s Association protested in November 2016, against a plan to
settle 180 Sinhala fishermen and create a Sinhala fishing village in Musali,
Mannar. Officials arriving to survey the land were sent away.
In 2018 there
arose an issue over Sinhala settlements in Mullaitivu district. The Accelerated
Mahaweli scheme had created System L which included the districts of
Mullaitivu, Anuradhapura, and Vavuniya. The divisional secretariats were at
Welioya, Padawiya and Vavuniya South.
Tamil
Separatist Movement complained that System L. was activated even before any
water had come there. A new system was
created under the Mahaweli Development Program designated system “L”
under which system though no water had been diverted under Mahaweli to the
North, land was alienated to persons from the majority community in an area
called “Manal Aru” or “Welioya”. There were protests and System L programme was suspended. But
during the UPFA government (2005-2015) there was some settlement of
Sinhalese in System L.
In September
2018 TNA complained that settlement had again started in System L. There is a
proposal to settle persons from outside of Mullaitivu in the Mahaweli System L
lands. TNA told the North-East Development Committee of the Yahapalana government,
that Yahapalana government was going ahead with this project in System L while
denying that new settlements were being created.
This should
not be allowed, said TNA. If water was brought to Mullaitivu from outside, the
lands in Mullaitivu without irrigation facilities should receive it first, and
the people who own and cultivate the lands should be the beneficiaries.
Landless people in Mullaitivu must be also made beneficiaries under such a
program.
In October
2018, TNA complained to President Sirisena that 700 acres in System L. had been
allocated for the Sinhalese. Although, the President said that this was not so,
the project was underway, TNA said. These new Sinhala settlements posed a major
threat to Tamil fishing community and also deprived the Tamils of their land.
Television
news on 30.8.18 showed a demonstration to stop the settlement of Sinhalese at
Mahaweli System L. Government said that all the settlers were Tamil. If Tamils can buy land in Wellawatte why can’t
Sinhalese go to Mahaweli, asked a journalist.
Northern
Provincial Council decided in 2018 to appoint an
expert committee to conduct an investigation as regards the alleged settlement
of Sinhalese in four administrative districts, including Mullaitivu. The
proposed committee would inquire into all Sinhala settlements established over
the years.
In 2019, Prime
Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe said in Parliament that Sinhalese were not
resettled in Vavuniya after renovating the Kachchalsamalakkulama tank on land
which belonged to the Forest Conservation Department. No steps have
been taken to change the demography in the districts he said.
Land settlement
became an issue in the Eastern province as well. In the east, land was brought
under Tamil control by using cattle. Land was converted to grazing lands for
cattle owned by Tamils. This trick was used
in Eelam War IV to gain access to Trincomalee harbor to bomb it.
In
Veheragodayaya, Polonnaruwa , land had been taken over for such cattle grazing despite opposition. Derana
news of 6.12.20 showed bhikkhus going to
the site and removing the cattle sheds after a confrontation with the
police. ‘We removed these cattle sheds last week, they have constructed them again,’ the monks exclaimed
and removed them all over again, assisted by the laity.
In October 2020,Eastern Province Governor
Anuradha Yahampath gave lands in
Mailetthamadu in Divulapathana to Sinhala
farmers for cultivation. Divulapathana
is on the border of Batticaloa
and Ampara Districts. The TNA MPs promptly
objected saying these were traditional grasslands. These lands had been grasslands for the cattle of the
Tamils for centuries.
They wanted
the order revoked. Yahampath had dismissed the request. Agriculture must be encouraged
first. TNA threats would not prevent her
from promoting agriculture in the area at a time when the country needed food.
Governor
Yahampath then visited dairy farmers in Divulapathana-Ayilaththamadu area, and
found a few hundred cattle without water or food. She asked South Eastern University to do a survey on
cattle farming and grasslands in Batticaloa.
Governor
Yahampath, told TNA Parliamentarians
that it was neither her policy, nor the policy of the Government to demarcate
or even separate lands based on ethnicity. Lands have never been demarcated based
on ethnicity such as Sinhalese, Tamils and Muslims.
At the Batticaloa District Coordinating
Committee meeting, in November 2020,
Governor Yahampath had a heated exchange of words, with TNA MPs over Divulapathana. She had
reprimanded the TNA MPs. This is an official meeting and I expect MPs to behave responsibly and decently. I am
one of the co-chairpersons of this meeting. Your behavior not only disrespects
me, but also this Chair. You should be ashamed of yourselves, she said. It
appears that , unlike in the old days, Sinhalese are now not afraid to stand up
to Tamil Separatism. They are getting fed up with Tamil Separatism as well.
Temples
People in the north were
worried and suspicious that Sinhalese from outside would invade their villages because Buddhist temples were being
constructed in places where no Buddhist reside,
said Tamil Separatist Movement .
Buddha Viharas are sprouting like mushrooms in areas where there
are no Buddhists. Buddha statues have come up in front of the 2500 year old Thirukoneswara
Hindu temple in Trincomalee and the Thiruketheeswaram temple in North West Sri
Lanka. A Buddha Vihara has come up in front of the hot water springs in Kinniya
which is sacred to Saivite Hindus. A Buddha
statue has come up in Sambaltheevu with police protection.
In Kokkilai in Mullaitivu district, a Buddha Vihara is coming up
with army support despite a claim to the land by a local Tamil. In all, there
are nine Buddha Viharas being built in Mullaitivu district alone.
Other places
in the Northern Province where Buddha Viharas are coming up are Omanthai,
Semmadu, Kanakarayankulam, Kilinochchi, Mankulam ,Paranthan and Pooneryn. A 67
foot Buddha statue is coming up in front of the Nainai Nagabhooshani Amman
Hindu temple, TNA concluded.
Northern
Province Governor Reginold Cooray said
in 2016 that there are only 13 Buddhist
temples in the entire Northern Province and that there is nothing wrong in
constructing Buddhist temples there. Many big Hindu temples are being built
there and many Christian sects have put up structures.
There was a
clash over a Buddhist temple at
Navatkuliya. Ven. Sooriyawewa Sumedha, Convener, National Intellectual Sangha
Council, said there are over 57 Buddhist families living in the Navatkuliya
village and a temple, Navatkuliya Sri Samiddhi Sumana Viharaya, had been built as a place of worship for the
residents. There was a request from the residents for the construction of
a chaitya and the construction work
started.
Chavakachcheri
Pradeshiya Sabha refused to give permission and instead filed the case against
the construction of the Chaitya. In July
2017, Chavakachcheri Magistrate S.
Chandrasekeran ordered the Chavakachcheri Pradeshiya Sabha to permit the
construction of the temple’s stupa without any hindrance. The Magistrate said that she respects Buddhism even though
she is a Hindu devotee.
Ven. Kotapola
Amarakiththi Founder of the Shanthi Foundation,
applauded the verdict. Even though, she is not a Buddhist, the way she
respected Buddhism is a great example to everyone. These exemplary acts should
be followed by many extremist politicians, he said.
In
July 2019 a Hindu-Buddhist conflict
developed in Trincomalee over a mound found near the Kinniya hot wells. Archaeological Department had gone there to
do some routine conservation work. In the process some bricks had got dug up.
Buddhist and the Hindus both claimed these bricks.
Bhikkhus
such as Ven. Ampitiye Seelavansa of Velgam vihara said they belonged to an Anuradhapura era
stupa which has been leveled and a Hindu temple built on top. Hindus said this
was the ruins of a Pillaiyar kovil.
The
locals were extremely aggressive towards the conservation work, said the
Archaeological Department. A crowd of Tamils had gathered. Tamil politicians had also come. Television news showed the two groups fighting. Police, riot squad and
Special Task Force were called in. Police came with a magistrate order, to stop
the protest, that it would cause communal tensions.
Thereafter,
Kokila Ramani, a resident of Trincomalee, petitioned the Provincial High
Court, saying the land where the
Kinniya hot springs are located belonged
to her and the Archaeology Department is trying to construct a Buddhist
structure there without her permission. The Department plans to construct a
temple on the site of a Hindu kovil and Hindu devotees are being obstructed
from entering the site by the Department, she said.
TNA
Parliamentarian M.A. Sumanthiran appeared for her. Provincial High Court Judge M. Illanchiyan
issued an interim injunction suspending the conservation of the Kinniya hot
springs which will remove the alleged ruins of a Hindu kovil.
In August
2019,both Hindus and Buddhists held religious activities at Kinniya. Hindu
devotees performed the traditional Amavasa Pooja to worship the dead near
remnants of a Hindu kovil at the premises, while Buddhist devotees led by
Buddhist monks performed an Adhishtana Pooja near an ancient Dagoba at the
premises.
Both the
groups performed religious activities peacefully and the security in the area
was tightened for the event. Special Police teams had been deployed and
anti-riot squad teams were placed in the vicinity ready to be deployed if
needed.
In November
2020 the Tamil politicians of
Mullaitivu District and the TNA protested against the construction of a Buddhist temple
at Bogaswewa near the Sapumalgaskada archaeological site. The chief incumbent
of the temple had secured the help of the security forces to make bricks using
clay from the shrub jungle area and trees were being felled in nearby jungle to
fire the bricks.
The protestors claim that the area
traditionally belongs to the Tamil people and it was known as
Kachchcalsamalankulam. Tamil people have been given paddy fields and they are
cultivating them with water from the Kachchalsamalankulam tank. It is wrong for
Buddhist monks to come and construct a temple in an area which is predominantly
Tamil.
A spokesman
for the temple said that Sapumalgaskada area had been identified as a site of
archaeological importance and there were ruins of Buddhist shrines, which were
some thousands of years old and it was wrong to claim it was not a Buddhist
site. The bhikkhus had only revived a temple close to the archaeological site.
There have
been open conflicts over these issues observed analysts. There was one conflict
in Mullaitivu, between Hindus and Buddhists, over the rights to land and to
build temples. There was another conflict in Trincomalee over the
building of a temple in the vicinity of the Kinniya hot wells, which according
to legend was used by King Ravana. Both
of these conflicts have led to the local mobilization of hundreds of people to
protest, said analysts
Tamil
Peoples’ Council led by C.V.Wigneswaran,
had invited people to join a mass
protest in Jaffna on September 24, 2016 ( Eluga Tamil) to demand a stop to the construction of
Buddha statues and Buddhist temples in areas in the Northern Province where
there are no Buddhists, and the systematic settlement of Sinhalese in Tamil
areas.
It is not
only Hindus and Buddhists who are in conflict in the North. In the Mannar
district the conflict is between Hindus and Christians over the construction of
big arches in front of each other’s places of worship that would signify the
dominance of one over the other, observed Jehan Perera.
Archaeological sites.
TNA said that the establishment of a
Presidential Task Force for Archeological Heritage Management in
the Eastern Province as
published in Gazette Extraordinary Number 2178/17 of June 02
2020 is bad for ethnic harmony. The
Task Force is Pan Sinhala and is clearly meant to serve the interests of one
community, the Sinhalese, and one religion, Buddhism ,admittedly, the majority
religion.
No one
objects to the protection, preservation and promotion of Buddhism. If anyone is
acting in violation of the Law, relating to any Buddhist site the severest
action should be taken. Existing Law enforcement institutions should perform
this task, said TNA.
Buddhist temples and monuments exist on lands
adequate for that purpose. They have so existed for centuries. No additional land
is required to fulfill that purpose. Additional
land is required only to convert
new areas into Sinhala Buddhist areas,
populated by Sinhala Buddhist Citizens, violating the occupational and
residential needs of Tamil and Tamil speaking people , charged TNA.
What is
attempted through this task force is to settle Sinhalese in new sites, under
the guise of protecting, preserving and promoting Buddhism, and thereby convert
the Eastern Province and as much as possible of the Northern Province into
majority Sinhalese Areas. This will also sever the Tamil linguistic contiguity between the Northern
and Eastern Provinces, continued TNA.
The Tamil
Hindu people have lived in the north and
east from time immemorial, long before the advent of Vijaya. The Isvarams of Lord Siva at Tirukketiswaram,
at Mantota,Tirukkoneswaram at Trincomalee , and Nakuleswaram near
Kankesanturai” existed before Vijaya. Thirukoneshwaram
is referred to as Dakshana Kailas in the Puranas, said TNA.
The Eastern
Province is a multi ethnic
province, but majority has always been
predominantly Tamil speaking. Since Independence in 1947 there had been
strenuous efforts to convert Trincomalee, Batticaloa, Amparai and the Eastern
Province into majority Sinhala speaking areas. The Sinhala population in the
Trincomalee District and in the Amparai District greatly increased between 1947 and 1981. This
was entirely caused by colonization, settling of Sinhalese from outside the
North East on land in the Eastern province.
The Northern
and Eastern Provinces adjoining each other are majority Tamil speaking and have
Tamil Linguistic contiguity. The breaking up of the Tamil linguistic continuity
between the Eastern and Northern provinces has been an objective of
majoritarian political leadership for a long time declared the TNA. ( Continued)