Retired Deputy Inspector of Police (DIG) Keerthi Gajanayake believes that the intelligence information the Inspector General of Police (IGP) received prior to the Easter Sunday terror attacks had been undermined by the IGP himself, with the inclusion of a common phrase used by the police.
Giving evidence before the Presidential Commission of Inquiry probing the Easter attacks, Gajanayake insisted that the phrase ‘For Necessary Action’ should never be included on a document containing valuable information.
Retired Deputy Inspector of Police (DIG) Keerthi Gajanayake who served as the Director of State Intelligence from 2003 to 2011, gave evidence before the Commission today (29).
Elaborating on the duty of an SIS Director, Gajanayake said that the primary duty of a person in such a position is to inform the President and the Secretary about the special information received on national security. To this end, he said that the position of SIS Director is facilitated with direct communication with the President.
During the proceedings, the state counsel brought the document containing correspondence of pre-warnings pertaining to the attacks, to the attention of the witness.
The State Council asked the witness as to what is meant by the note ‘Eyes Only’ made by then-National Intelligence Chief Sisira Mendis on the letter sent to the IGP Pujith Jayasunadara. The witness said that a note reading ‘Eyes Only’ is made when a highly secretive piece of information is submitted for the knowledge of a certain person. He added that once the recipient absorbs the contents of the document noted ‘Eyes Only’, it is a must to destroy the said document without letting another person come across it.
The witness went on to say that during his entire service, documents noted ‘Eyes Only’ were only submitted to the President and the Defence Secretary.
The State Council then drew the attention of the witness towards the note made on the document by then-IGP Pujith Jayasundara, which read for ‘For Necessary Action’. The witness responded saying that it is his view that the note ‘For Necessary Action’ should never be made on a document containing such a valuable piece of intelligence.
While saying that the phrase ‘For Necessary Action’ is of common usage within the police, the witness noted that the intelligence information contained in the document has been undermined by the usage of the phrase ‘For Necessary Action’.
He also went on to say that such action from a high-ranking officer such as the IGP cannot be expected.
The Commission asked the witness as to whether the sentence ‘A secret investigation is underway pertaining to the above information’ contained in the document, undermines the initial piece of intelligence information.
The reply of the witness was that by the time this letter was forwarded, the SIS had information of Zahran Hashim and his terror cell’s involvement in defacing of Lord Buddha statues in Mawanella, and the discovery of explosives from Wanathawilluwa.
With a pre-warning issued by a foreign intelligence agency containing the relevant names, he added that the SIS chief had not presented that information and the information which the SIS possessed, coherently.
The witness told the Commission that had SIS Chief Nilantha Jayawardena presented the information coherently, there would have been clear grounds to prevent the Easter Sunday terror attacks.
The Appeal Court announced that the decision on issuing an interim order preventing the execution of the arrest warrants issued by the Fort Magistrate, against former minister Ravi Karunanayake and others over the Central Bank treasury bond scam, will be delivered on July 07.
The writ petition filed by Mr Karunanayake and the other defendants was taken up for consideration before the judge-bench comprising President of the Court of Appeal A.H.M.D Nawaz, Justices Shiran Gunaratne and Sobitha Rajakaruna on Monday ((29).
The court stated that the decision on whether notice will be issued for hearing of the petition will also be declared on the said date.
The writ petition had been filed by former finance minister Ravi Karunanayake, Chairman of Perpetual Treasuries Limited (PTL) Geoffrey Aloysius, CEO Kasun Palisena and former Central Bank officials Indika Saman Kumara and Sangarapille Padumanathan.
They have been charged with allegedly misappropriating more than Rs 52 billion in government bonds at two auctions in 2016.
President Gotabaya Rajapaksa has instructed the Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL) to examine and immediately provide relief to depositors of the collapsed financial institutions The Finance and ETI.
The President has said that the proceedings should be monitored through a committee set up representing the Presidential Secretariat, the Central Bank, the Treasury, and the Depositors.
The President made these remarks at a meeting held at the Presidential Secretariat today (29) to look into how the depositors of ETI and The Finance depositors are paid.
At the meeting, the measures taken by the Central bank with regard to the relevant financial institutions had been discussed at length, the Presidential Media Division said.
Former Minister of Ranasinghe Premadasa‘s government Gamini Jayawickrama Perera admits that the then-government provided weapons to the terrorist organization LTTE during the civil war.
Perera mentioned this addressing a public meeting held in Kurunegala, yesterday (28).
He says that the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) signed agreements with LTTE Leader Velupillai Prabhakaran.
Ranasinghe Premadasa vowed to chase away the IPKF from Sri Lanka when he was a presidential candidate, which resulted in IPKF teaching Varadaraja Perumal, then-Chief Minister of the North Eastern Province, to establish his own army and to declare a separate flag for the North Eastern Province instead of the Sri Lankan flag, said Perera.
However, Premadasa did not send Sri Lankan armies against this as ceasefire talks were ongoing between Premadasa and Prabhakaran at that time, claims Perera.
Perera further said that he can responsibly state that then-President Ranasinghe Premadasa provided weapons to LTTE to defeat the IPKF and Varadaraja Perumal’s armies.
Third World country policy makers as well as their citizens need to understand that ‘independence’ for former colonies is just a cliché and nothing else. All that happened under colonial rule continues under neocolonial policies & practices. Foreign aid and investment are a key component that continues to bind former colonies with aid-interest & debt. Note how every foreign investment or international aid mechanism is always tied to a list of requirements that seek to dilute national sovereignty & people’s rights. Taking all this to account, when monetarily factored these unnoticed factors may exceed that of the aid given and be more detrimental to the nation & its people. But do policy makers address these factors before jumping to accept aid packages & sign agreements?
Since independence the international monetary organizations and the UN has pushed former colonies into changing their customary laws and practices into one that is linked to ‘international standards’ & ‘international laws’ that is easier for them to dictate and rule over.
Thus, the colonial introduced statutes and ordinances are being slowly changed by aid & UN requirements and countries are forced to comply. Most countries & their policy makers fail to see the hidden objectives. The aid agencies and UN often prepare elaborate reports & studies on countries and use that data to monopolize the aid. This was how a string of initiatives, changes to Statutes, investments have taken place in Sri Lanka. These are all aligned to continuing global hegemony of the powerful.
As Mrs. Sirimavo Bandaranaike in an interview said – there is no free lunch. Aid is often tied to the requirement to buy equipment from their countries, to accommodate and look after their staff who have to be paid big salaries and perks and all this added and reduced from the AID given ends up nothing much at all but a country ends up having to pay interest component as well. AID is certainly a curse to all developing nations.
MCC is a US government aid package linked to US pivot to Asia and linked to the newest US policy under Indo-US Pacific Strategy of combining Defense, Development & Diplomacy.
SOFA is part of the diplomacy
ACSA is part of Defense &
MCC is the Development wing.
An all-US governmental apparatus but involving transnational companies which comprise members of US allied states. In Asia, US partners with India-Japan & Australia. It is also important to note that Sri Lanka in view of its geopolitical positioning is important for US in multiple angles.
Sri Lanka is an alternative to Diego Garcia
Sri Lanka’s positioning for trade from west to east and east to west is a plus if US can take control of it
Sri Lanka plays a pivotal role in US blue-dot network eyeing the ocean that surrounds Sri Lanka.
Sri Lanka’s Ports are one of the key features of Sri Lanka though sadly no government has given enough importance to developing it as one of Sri Lanka’s key strengths.
Sri Lanka is anyone’s paradise. The climate, the scenic beauty, the environment and people are immeasurable.
All countries have their interests. Sri Lanka should also have its own interests. All countries weave their diplomacy and interactions around those interests. Sri Lanka must learn to do the same. Sri Lanka must also know what the interests of all of the countries Sri Lanka has ties with (good or bad) and adopt policies and strategies to deal with them. It is only in knowing what the interests of external parties are that Sri Lanka’s policy makers can read in between the lines of their intentions alongside their ‘handshakes of friendships’.
It is without a doubt that US-India & China are competing for regional supremacy in the Indian Ocean. Yielding Military and Economic presence are priority options.
Seeking or establishing Commercial projects cum Military bases/naval facilities overseas in the Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean borders Africa, Middle East, Asia & Australia. Indian Ocean is home to major sea lanes and choke points crucial for global trade. Nearly 40% of world’s offshore petroleum is produced in the Indian Ocean. Indian Ocean has rich mineral deposits and fisheries.
C
hina – Djibouti, Port in Tanzania, 99 year lease of Sri Lanka’s Hambantota Port
India – Seychelles (20year pact to build airstrip & jetty), Oman, Singapore (access to India to Changi naval base), naval facility near Strait of Hormuz (where more than 30% of seaborne oil exports pass daily) India is also demanding Sri Lanka’s Mattala Airport and Colombo East Terminal. India is developing $85m Chabahar Port to counter China’s Gwadar Port in Pakistan.
India’s navy opened a third air base in the far-off Andaman and Nicobar islands in 2019.
Then there is a host of transnational companies linked to MCC – all international contractors are to be paid directly by US Treasury under MCC agreement. The MCC agreement also stipulates international law. This together with the 6.8 immunity clause means that Sri Lankan law will not apply inside Sri Lanka. We do not even know the minimum or maximum non-Sri Lankan employees to be working on MCC projects once and if signed or how many are currently working on the projects that have started prior to MCC signing (ex: e-register). The role of transnational/multinational corporations often having more money than state governments also pose a risk when involved in international projects like MCC in particular linked to the 6.8 MCC clause and the 3.9 intellectual property clause. These are days where foreign companies are taking national governments to international tribunals.
These transnational companies landing to operate to ‘alleviate poverty’ are not the angels everyone presume. 48 such multinational companies have been found guilty of abusing labor, violating trade union freedom, providing appalling work conditions, deducting unfair taxes, sudden layoffs, use of private armed security to victimize locals airing dissent against their actions (Nestle & SYNGENTA in South America), destruction of environment and vital resources, polluting soil, deforestation, contaminating water supplies (Mining company MAJAZ in Amazon), THYSSEN KRUPP in Brazil impacting traditional fishing. Multinational companies have been accused of cultural aggression and forcing expulsion of natives. UNION FENOSA operating in South America has not honored commitment to compensate displaced farmers. DUTCH-SHELL has been accused of repressing Brazilian and Argentinian communities.
Transnational companies have also been accused of damaging people’s health via poisonous insecticides (BAYERS PARATION-Germany/Nemagon distributed by Shell Oil/ROCHE in Brazil)
Privatization of water has also led to reduced flow and loss of water quality (PROACTIVA MEDIOAMBIENTE in Ecuador)
Privatization of public services (possibly on the pipeline for Sri Lanka) have resulted in additional tax burdens and disconnections of water supply/electricity to consumers. Together with the host of these malpractices the transnational companies are also accused of promoting corruption – kickbacks, commissions and handouts.
These are certainly threats to people’s sovereignty
Sovereign states must learn to behave like sovereign states. Falling prey to a begging bowl mentality and subjecting generations of unborn to tax-interest burden is unfair and unacceptable. Policy makers by their very name must create policies that generate income and protect the nation’s territory, sovereignty and safeguards the People. No Government must compromise the country or its people simply to accept created money given as aid with interest while agreeing to also curtail welfare and weaken the country via legislative changes.
MCC is demanding much for peanuts. Why have policy makers not taken stock of these factors. Sri Lanka’s policy makers are paid by the tax payer to look after the interests of Sri Lanka and Sri Lankans not what satisfies external parties or to please them.
In viewing this project, every citizen must look at the bigger picture and the reason why MCC wants to have a footing in both Nepal & Sri Lanka and inspite of public sentiments against MCC, why the US & MCC are simply refusing to pack up & leave. The answer is the US strategy of 3Ds – defense, diplomacy & development.
Lawyers and Attorney General’s department cannot and should not take the agreement in its word form omitting to look into the history of the nation we propose to sign an agreement with coupled with scores of implementation letters that are not announced but binds Sri Lanka to commit to. This is no ordinary agreement and with components that are part of it already operational, it is the prerogative of the Government that promises the citizens that it will not sign MCC to stop the programs that are part of MCC and given to US companies and transfer those to local Ministries under locals to do on our terms and in compliance with local laws & systems.
Ven. Ellawala Medhananda has spent decades exploring the forgotten temples and monasteries in the Eastern province. His explorations have shown that there was an extensive spread of Buddhist monasteries and forest hermitages in the east in the ancient and medieval periods.
Medhananda discovered hitherto unknown monasteries, forest hermitages, temples, caves, and inscriptions. The Buddhist ruins at Nilaveli are Mahayana, he said. TheSembumalai ruins included a standing Buddha statue in limestone and a lotus pedestal, he recorded. Many ancient buildings went under machinery when the Mahaweli scheme started, he observed.
Medhananda‘s explorations have enlarged our knowledge of the Buddhist civilization of the east. Medhananda found that Nelumpath Pokuna in Kumana was known in ancient times as Gosagala Maha vihara. At Nelumpath he found ruins of a stupa, a Padam gala, plenty of bricks and remains of walls and an inscription by Kanittha Tissa, (167-86 AD).
Medhananda also found an inscription behind the Kondavattavana army camp, which said the area was Arama gama and the monastery as Ahali Araba. Digamadulla has been administered by its Dandanayake, a person named Sangwe Rakus,.
Medhananda
‘s major contribution to the political history of Sri Lanka ,was his
findings on the Magama kingdom of Ruhuna, (3rd century
BC). Medhananda
had found much information on the Magama kings and the Kavantissa dynasty in the inscriptions he discovered. He put it all together and came
up with a full history of the Magama kingdom.
Medhananda first
essay on the Magama kings, published in 1950 was praised in ‘Lankadipa’. Encouraged, he published Magama Rajadhaniya” in 1970, revised in 2012. In 2017, Ven. Medhananda was invited to speak at the Archaeological Society of Sri
Lanka, in Colombo. He gave an excellent,
well received talk on the Magama kingdom.. I attended this talk. It is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pxeictgo8cg .
Medhananda views on ‘Magama Rajadhaniya’ have not been challenged
, but they have not been recognized either. Sirimal
Ranwella’s History of Ruhuna” (
Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey vol XI, 2011) ignores the views of
Medhananda . Medhananda is not
mentioned in the bibliography either.
However, Rajitha Weerakoon in one of her
essays on the history of Sri Lanka ,
stated that Gotabhaya and Yatalalatissa were brothers. This was one of
the discoveries of Medhananda . http://archives.dailynews.lk/2006/02/02/fea02.htm).
Medhananda said that term ‘Devanam
Piyatissa” was used only
for a king ruling at Anuradhapura , not
for those ruling in Ruhuna. ‘Devanam Piyatissa ‘had been used by
more than 18 Sinhalese kings, he added. ‘Gamini’
and ‘ Aya’ were used only for the reigning king.
Medhananda
also spoke of the early
settlements in Ruhuna. He said that initially there were three settlements, Anurajagama,
Rohana gama and Digayu gama .Medhananda
had found inscriptions ‘everywhere’
about the leaders of these settlements and their parampara. He even found an inscription at Hambantota where
Anurajagama is mentioned.
Then arose two parallel kingdoms, the
Kataragama kingdom ruled by the Kataragama clan, and
the Anurajagama kingdom, ruled by the Chandana grama. The Kataragama
group was later absorbed into the Magama
kingdom, but the Chandana grama group,
it appears was not.
Medhananda found references to Chandana grama
in his explorations. Chandana grama had ruled
in the Kirimakul area. Kirimakul
inscription gave the first generations
of rulers of Chandana grama. Medhananda
speculated that Chandana were also ruling in the Walawe Ganga region. Walawe Ganga had ancient settlements said
Medhananda , there are plenty of ruins to prove it, nobody has explored there. Medhananda
had explored Videi yaya and Veediya pitiya in the Walawe forest. He saw ruins and a huge
ancient road which ended at the Walawe Ganga. At this point there is a bridge, said Medhananda .
The Chandana grama base was Handagiriya said Medhananda . Medhananda’s booklet, Handagiriya hevat
Sandangana Nuwara” had attracted much attention. It had gone into many
reprints, and another revision is
planned..
Ven Ellawala Medhananda has gone deep into dense forests and looked at Buddhist
archaeological remains which
have not been explored by the
Archaeological Department. In his writings Medhananda lists the many areas containing Buddhist
archaeological remains, which are not
under the Department of archaeology.
I have carried
out these explorations for 40 years, under great difficulty, he said. He has
gone into inaccessible areas. To
reach Madanakanda, he went to Bokkabadda, then across Kosgaha dola, through a
chena to Madanakanda. for some
explorations he received the support of the army. Medhananda had
heard of an inscription in Sampath Nuwara ,Weli oya. It was on top of a
rock. Army made a ladder and
Medhananda climbed up with difficulty.
He did
not go blindly into unexplored jungle territory, he first made inquiries about
Buddhist ruins from the people living in the area. Ven. Kithalagama Seelalankara of Dimbulagala had directed Medhananda to
several historical sites, such as Keteragala, Sorivila, Duvegala, Omunugala,
Kandegama kanda, Siripalana and
Mutugalle. Samel, living in Uhana
had directed Medhananda to Samangala forest hermitage and to Madanakanda
len arama, to an inscription he had seen there. The inscription turned out
to be a valuable one.
Members of the public also informed him
of places they knew of. Jayanti
Liyanage, living in Mangala oya, Ampara had written to Medhananda giving the
location of ruins in the area she lived in. Medhananda went there and Jayanti’s
mother and brother had helped him. He
found an ancient wewa, old vihara and an old irrigation system.
Medhananda had received a letter from a girl
living in Arantalawa, telling him that
there were Buddhist ruins there.
She had read of his explorations in the papers. She had studied history for her
A levels. She was presently unemployed and engaged in paddy farming.
Ruins
in Maha oya in Ampara are disappearing ,
she wrote. Archaeological
Department is not interested.
There was a rock with 4 large stone elephants around it. but that is
only one place. I have picked up
a piece of clay from the stupa and am keeping it safely. Send me a letter to
reach me on Wednesday as that is the day we go to the pola, she concluded.
Medhananda went there and looked at the ruins. Area has been thickly populated earlier. He found ruins of irrigation channels.
I did not simply explore, I helped the
impoverished villages there.”, said
Medhananda . He provided money, food
clothes, medicines ,books and bank deposits
for children in these villages. He
helped impoverished temples with sivuru
,pirikara, and money. I was given a
given a gift of 20 lakhs. its
interest was used to give Rs 2500
monthly to 10 temples, he said.
When exploring Henannegala len vihara, Medhananda had gone in the evening, past Omuna Nai pen Ella to the cell
of Seelalankara himi. This was a cave with a coconut thatch roof. This was a dangerous journey. Couldn’t take provisions either, it was too
difficult. Instead of sugar, they crushed chilies and drank coffee or tea with
it. In the morning Medhananda ate
iringu which was roasted over
the fire and was given hot water to drink. ‘This is to show
you the sad life these monks in these
areas were leading,’ said Medhananda
.
Medhananda befriended monks in the remote places he found
them in. Medhananda heard that
LTTE had attacked Piyangala hermitage, Piyangala chief priest was shot
dead and the other priests were chased
away. Medhananda knew that beyond
Piyangala there were no settlements till Mangala oya. So the monks would be
starving. Medhananda decided to take dry
rations to them.
Medhananda prepared three large sackfuls of provisions.
Told his assistant to bring the sacks by bus from Avissawella to Balangoda. He
would meet him there after a sermon at Pathakada. He was planning to go to
from Akkaraipattu to Siyambalanduwa, then take bus to Ampara but the Ampara bus did not
come. They set off in another bus which broke down. They paid a passing lorry
and got to Ampara.
The CTB depot there tried to help. They stopped a passing bus and
asked whether he would take the mail and Medhananda to their destinations. The
bus driver, a Muslim, said forget the mail bags, I will somehow take the monk
to Piyangala and drop him there. He took
Medhananda , stopped by Piyangala dana sala,
helped unload the bags ,
worshipped the monk and went away.
The
hermitage was deserted, the monks
starving. They had survived on the leafy
vegetables available in the forest. Not even a monk of our sect came to see us. You are the first to
come to see us, they told Medhananda . I gave them some money and left, said
Medhananda .
Ven. Ellawala
Medhananda has spent decades exploring the forgotten temples and monasteries in
the Eastern province and to a lesser
extent in the north and north western provinces. All three are coastal
provinces where the Sinhala Buddhist heritage was getting systematically displaced by Tamil and Muslim separatists.
The Sinhala names are going out of use, it is
no longer Kusalana kanda”, and it is
now Kunchanamalai”, observed Medhananda . Wilpattu is now coming under Muslim control.
Muslims have said that there are no Buddhist ruins in Wilpattu and therefore
Muslim settlements can be permitted. Medhananda has shown that Wilpattu was originally Buddhist . President Sirisena had used one of
Medhananda letter to prove that Wilpattu
had Buddhist settlements.
Medhananda was openly anti-LTTE .LTTE had
destroyed many ruins said Medhananda . LTTE had bulldozed the standing Buddha
statue Paravankandam and destroyed its head completely. The rest was rescued and sent
to Ampara museum.
Kopavela vihara area is going under the LTTE.
It has caves inscription, columns,
moonstones, siripatula, jatra gala, gal
oru,. There is an inscription on Welgaha kandiya wewa bund too. There
was a monk, he was a teacher at Serankada Vidyalaya. he has
left.
At Kumbakarna
malai, LTTE have built bunkers using the bricks taken from the stupa on the
rock. LTTE had built a communication tower
at Lankapatuna. We had visited Girikumbara vihara
Ampara earlier but when we went again in
1986 to see what had happened, no one wanted to drive us there, said Medhananda
.
Medhananda
himself had several encounterswith
the LTTE. There was a rock inscription at Mundikulam malai site, Ampara. Medhananda
had missed this on his 1964 visit.He saw it in 1999 but could not take it down as LTTE was lurking
there. It was a LTTE base. Medhananda
said he had first visited
Mundikulammalai ruins in 1964 it was
fear of wild animals. In 1999 the fear was of the LTTE. We needed the support of the army and police
to go there.
LTTE had caused much destruction to the stupa
at Veheragalkanda, Pulunkunawa. Bricks
have been taken to build huts and there was manioc cultivation among the ruins.
When I went in 1982 they had established
an Eelam kingdom there. On all hilltops there was the Eelam symbol drawn in colour. There was a house built on top of stupa and
the owner glared at me.
At Kahabiliyawa Eramadu Medhananda and his
group faced a mortar attack from LTTE . At
Walatapitiya (near Sammanthurai) they
were surrounded by LTTE cadres and kept
prisoner for several hours.
Medhananda had videoed a partially destroyed
inscription at Walatapitiya and got
into their vehicle, when an LTTE
cadres, a girl about 14 or 15 years, came and put her knee to the front bumper.
25 boys and girls on bicycles came and surrounded
the vehicle and did not let it leave. they said this was Eelam area and Medhananda
had come without permission of the LTTE
.They started scolding in Tamil , and
became aggressive. ‘They
were getting ready to physically attack
us. Our lives were in danger but about
6 pm the girl by the car moved away’ and the driver on a signal from Medhananda drove away fast. ‘ Some were hit by the van. Also some bicycles were run over,’ said
Medhananda .
The group had threatened Medhananda with death
if he ever came back to inspect the site. Medhananda however, wanted to return to Walatapitiya to finish his exploration. He went again with Sihala Urumaya, led by
Tilak Karunaratne. The SU had decided to
accept the LTTE challenge and take the monk back to the site. The special Task
Force and the Police were on duty to provide security. But the inscription had
been destroyed . LTTE leader of that area, Vishu ,came on bicycle and watched
them, but we did a thorough exploration. Medhananda also took the delegation to a place close by
where a kovil was being constructed with the backing of the LTTE.
Ven Ellawala Medhananda has his own ideas about the ownership of
Buddhist sites. Over 90 % of the archaeological
sites are Buddhist sites, he observed.
Buddhist places of worship, including Buddhist
monastic ruins are the property
of the Sangha. They are sites that have been
offered to the Sangha. They are
therefore the property of the Sangha, not
the property of the Department of Archaeology. It is sanghika property.
These sites must be removed from the Archaeology Department and brought under the supervision
of a special band of monks. At
present if a bhikhhu takes up residence
in a temple which is under Archaeology Department, he is obstructed. Buddhist monks have a right to be
there.
Medhananda practiced what he preached. In the
1970s, bhikkhu Kehelpannala Sugata vansa wanted Medhananda’s help to set up an aranya in Ritigala. Medhananda
agreed.
Ven. Sugata went ahead to Ritigala and cleared out caves at Andiyakanda. Medhananda recalled that he went there alone, through
dense forest with wild elephant and wild buffalo.
The route was
Kekirawa- Ganewalpola- footpath through
Galapitagala junction to Gala pitagala wewa- along its bund to
Andiyakanda. This was a dangerous journey.
I now realize this looking back. But I have gone on that road alone, with
my bag, ten or twelve times. But never
was attacked, Medhananda recalled. Medhananda
thought it was due to his Buddhist beliefs. ‘Mama yanne budu guna
sihikaragena’. Medhananda wore a suitable robe and helped Ven, Sugata construct the kuti at Ritigala. We faced a dharanipata rain. This helped to
obtain clay ,he said optimistically.
To conclude,
Ven Ellawala Medhananda is a courageous, oustspoken bhikkhu. His range of
activities is very wide, possibly more
that any other bhikkhu, and he has been effective in all the sectors he has
worked in . He deserves more recognition than he has received so far.
In addition
to the sources given in the essays, I have also used the biography , Ellawela
Medhananda hamuduruwo” by Lakshman Kahatapitiya, pub. Dayawansa Jayakody, 2008.
( CONCLUDED)
(Translation of the speech made by Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa on Sunday 28 June on Defeating domestic and foreign conspiracies against Sri Lanka”.)
Most
venerable members of the Maha Sangha, Clergymen of all other faiths, people of
Sri Lanka and friends,
A socialist
government assumed power in this country in 1970, but nobody said that it had
been brought into power through Russian or Chinese intervention. Likewise, a
capitalist government assumed power in 1977, but we never said that it had been
brought into power through American or British intervention. However there was
foreign interference to an extent never before experienced in this country at
the 2015 presidential election. Certain foreign parties began to intervene in
the politics of this country in a major way after we won the war in 2009. They
never thought we would be able to win that war. This
intervention actually began at the 2010 presidential election but the people of
this country conclusively defeated that early attempt. However the conspiracy
continued till 2015. Everyone knows who prevailed on the leader of the UNP to
stand aside in favour of a common candidate.
The situation
that prevailed in this country following the assumption of power by the
yahapalana government in 2015 was akin to having been taken over by a hostile
foreign invading force. They systematically persecuted the nationalist
political camp in this country. They jailed leading Buddhist monks on trumped
up charges in order to intimidate the Maha Sangha which has always been at the
forefront in protecting the sovereignty of this country. They went after the
elephants and tuskers belonging to the temples in a major way, in order to put
an end to the perahera traditions of the Buddhists.
They moved to demoralize and render
ineffective our armed forces which defeated terrorism and ensured the territorial
integrity of the country. Selected members of the armed forces ranging from the
lowest ranks right up to the Chief of Defence Staff were arrested, kept in jail
for weeks, months or years and cases were filed against them on trumped up
charges. The intention behind all this was to create the impression in the
minds of the local population and also to convey to the world the idea that
these were not war heroes but thieves and murderers.
Nationalist politicians
were also systematically persecuted. Various Commissions of Inquiry were
instituted against them. They were hauled before the police, remanded for
months and cases were filed against them on false charges. All this was done
with the intention of completely destroying the nationalist camp in this
country and thus facilitating the division of Sri Lanka by introducing a new
constitution. What they could not achieve through war, they tried to achieve
through political manoeuvres.
These plans could not be implemented
in their entirety because we won the 2019 November presidential elections.
However domestic and foreign conspirators have not yet given up. Everyone saw
the drama that was orchestrated within days of the new President assuming
office alleging that a local employee of a Western embassy had been abducted
and questioned. That showed that these conspirators were not willing to give
the new dispensation any breathing space.
The main
pledges given by the yahapalana conspirators to their foreign masters were
contained in resolution 30/1 which the yahapalana government co-sponsored in
the UN Human Rights Council in October 2015. They admitted that the Sri Lankan
armed forces had committed war crimes, and they pledged to establish a special
court to try those war crimes with the participation of foreign judges and
prosecutors. They also undertook to remove through administrative means, members
of the armed forces who were suspected of having committed war crimes even in the absence of evidence against them which can be used in courts. The
intent behind all this was to demoralise and render ineffective the armed
forces of Sri Lanka.
Even though
the yahapalana government was not able to implement these pledges in the manner
originally intended, they have introduced new laws to implement them by other
means. In August 2016, the Office of Missing Persons Act was rammed through
Parliament without leaving room for any debate. Though it’s described as an ‘office’,
this is actually an inquisitorial body that can issue summons, examine
witnesses, and collect evidence. Officers of the OMP can search without a
warrant any armed forces installation, police station, or prison and take into
their possession any document or thing they deem necessary. All state bodies
including the intelligence agencies and the armed forces are legally bound to
cooperate with the OMP even in contravention of the provisions of the State
Secrets Act.
In March
2018, the yahapalana government passed Act No: 5 of 2018 in order to make the
provisions of the International Convention Against Enforced Disappearances
applicable in Sri Lanka. The purpose of this was not to faciliatate the
location of disappeared persons, but to persecute members of the armed forces.
Under this law, a person suspected of being responsible for an enforced
dissappearance in Sri Lanka can be extradited to a foreign country and either
tried in that country or handed over to the International Criminal Court.
In August
2018 the yahapalana government passed an amendment to the Mutual Assistance in
Criminal Matters Act which will enable a foreign country or the International
Criminal Court to locate suspects or witnesses in Sri Lanka or to obtain
evidence they need from Sri Lanka. The
UN Human Rights Commissioner has already requested Western countries to
institute legal action in their respective countries against members of the Sri
Lankan armed forces suspected of war crimes under the concept of universal
jurisdiction.
If the yahapalana cabal had won the 2019 presidential
election, they would have implemented all this and finished off Sri Lanka. We
need a very strong mandate at this election to conclusively defeat these
conspiracies. You will recall that at the end of 2018 when the yahapalana
government began to break up, diplomats of certain Western embasies sat in the
visitor’s gallery in Parliament and applauded and cheered the yahapalana
Speaker’s efforts to protect their investment. We must bear in mind that even
though the conspirators lost the presidential election, they have not given up
their quest.
My request to
the people of Sri Lanka is to always have the broader picture in mind when it
comes to politics. Given the threats we are up against, we will be destroyed if
we fail to distinguish between what is politically important and politically
unimportant. Various things can be said about the question whether social
distancing was observed in the proper manner at Mr Arumugam Thondaman’s funeral
or whether someone had been guilty of fixing a cricket match back in 2011.
However these are not politically important matters.
The biggest
problem that we had to face after President Gotabhaya Rajapaksa came into power
was the Covid-19 pandemic. What is politically important is whether that major
issue was handled competently. I wish to state that we are right on top in the
world in controlling Covid-19. Even New Zealand is behind us. Countries like
Vietnam, Hong Kong and Taiwan learnt how to contain pandemics like Covid-19
through the bitter experience of the SARS pandemic of 2003.
We have
managed to bring Covid-19 under control in this manner without much experience
with such diseases. As of now the only possibility of another Covid-19 outbreak
in this country will be if an infected person coming from overseas somehow
finds his way into the general population. If the yahapalana cabal had been in
power, would they have been able to bring Covid-19 under control in this
manner? If we are able to distinguish what is important from what is
unimportant, and always have the broader picture in mind, our people will
always be the winners.
We saw the
manner in which the yahapalana cabal made a hue and cry about a comment made by
Karuna Amman to the effect that he had been responsible for the deaths of
thousands of soldiers in attacks on army camps when he was in the LTTE. This
shows how easy it is to obscure the broader picture by bringing other issues to
the fore. After I became President in November 2005, we destroyed the LTTE
completely. Because he had by that time given up both terrorism and separatism
and surrendered to military intelligence, Karuna was not destroyed along with
the LTTE. It was Karuna who formally identified Prabhakaran’s dead body for us.
If we look at
the doings of those who are asking the people to vote for the yahapalana camp because
of what Karuna said, some interesting facts emerge. Those now in the yahapalana
camp gave lorry loads of weapons and gunny bags full of cash to the LTTE in
1989 in a foolish attempt to win them over. For years afterwards, the LTTE
attacked us with our own weapons. In 2002, the yahapalana camp virtually ceded
the Northern and Eastern provinces to Prabhakaran through the ceasefire agreement.
The yahapalana government drafted a new constitution to divide the country.
Then they incorporated the conceptual framework of that constitution in their
2019 presidential election manifesto as well.
From the time Karuna Amman was murdering people, and
after he had given up doing so, and
right up to the present day, what has been right at the top of the yahapalana
agenda has been the division of this country. Karuna may have given up
murdering people, but the yahapalana cabal has not given up trying to divide
the country. That is what we have to realise here. In any case, the CID is
carrying out an investigation into what Karuna said. If we allow ourselves to
be distracted and forget the broader picture even for a moment, the consequences
could be disastrous. That is why I always stress the importance of the broader
picture.
If people cast their votes on the basis of various
minor distractions, we will lose everything, our country, our nationhood, our
religion, our culture and the future of unborn generations. The people should
always ask themselves who can rule this country effectively, ensure economic
development, eliminate terrorism and ensure the security of the nation? Who can
safeguard democracy by holding elections on time? Who can build a Sri Lanka
where future generations will be able to live freely and be proud of? I need
not spell it out, every Sri Lankan knows the answer to those questions.
Thank you,
May the
blessings of the Triple Gem be upon you, God bless you.
This is hardly the time for the US State Department to be meddling in Sri Lanka. It has so many disasters on its hands, and it does not seem that any of them would go away this century.
I shall list a few on a later occasion – as the whole world knows the American jackboot has been slogging on wherever the exceptional greed of its corporations and their political henchmen directs it.
But what is of immediate interest to us here, in Sri Lanka, is the statement made by the US Ambassador, Alaina B. Teplitz, that the US would continue engagement with the Sri Lankan Government despite some recent incidents, including a controversy over a US diplomat who arrived in the country. Asked if the employee is a US military officer, the US Ambassador said that the officer is a US Embassy employee.
She said that while the US and Sri Lanka may not agree on everything, there are areas where they do agree and would be able to easily collaborate, and that while the US will continue to express its opinions on certain matters, it will do so with respect and constructively.
The key US opinion follows: “The Government needs to look at its policies and ease of doing business if it is going to attract foreign investment and take advantage of the changes that will come in future,” she said.
And, in what is not meant to be ‘an opinion,’ the Ambassador said that “the private sector will be the leading edge in the economy”.
Illustrative of the American approach to matters that have nothing to do with the USA, Ms. Teplitz “also echoed concerns on the Presidential Task Force (PTF) on Archaeological Heritage Management in the Eastern Province”.
Excuse me? Regardless of the exertions made by European invaders to erase the indigenous archaeological remains in the US, of what concern to her is our archaeological heritage?
Or, is she articulating the intent behind the so-called Millennium Corporation Compact that they have been at pains to engineer, within the most corrupt parliament we have yet had, with a group of the most corrupt at its head?
Your paper has given the necessary support for senior journalist, Shamindra Ferdinando, to commence blowing the lid off the supposed ‘compact’ with a handful, literally, of individuals who possess not a whiff of authority to speak for our people.
For starters, let us put down, in black and white, some features that this draft document seeks to bind us to:
“MCC is a United States Government corporation acting on behalf of the United States Government in the implementation of this Compact.
“MCC and the United States Government assume no liability for any claims, or loss, arising out of activities or omissions under this Compact.
“The Government (of Sri Lanka) waives any and all claims against MCC, or the United States Government, or any current or former officer or employee of MCC or the United States Government, for all loss, damage, injury or death arising out of activities or omissions under this compact and agrees that it shall not bring any claim or legal proceeding of any kind against any of the above entities, or persons, for any such loss, damage, injury or death…
“Any current or former officer, or employee, of the MCC, or the United States Government, shall be immune from the jurisdiction of all courts and tribunals of Sri Lanka for any claim or loss arising out of activities, or omissions, under this Compact.”
The above averments are explicit enough in stating that the government of Sri Lanka ceases to have any sovereign authority vis-a-vis this US Corporation. The example that immediately comes to mind flows from Ms. Teglitz’s response, quoted above, to the inquiry regarding the US citizen who refused to be checked for the Coronavirus at the airport. The ‘compact’ sought by the US now would provide for any person, whether a US citizen or not, who claims to be an ‘employee’ of the MCC, to flout all regulations / laws that are designed to protect our country and her people. It should be mentioned that another American entity, US AID, also wishes to take over a swathe of territory around Arugam Bay. What for? one might ask. To provide R & R for military personnel in the style that destroyed Bangkok, Djakarta, Manila…?
Many months ago, I, and others, called upon those who are in possession of this draft document to publish it. Until that is done, the people, on behalf of whom such agreements are to be made, would not be able to give, or deny, the only possible legitimacy for it – their mandate.
What we have had instead is the spectacle of a tuition mudalali who, it would seem, claims to speak for them.
Top MCC official Fatema Z. Sumar with Dr. Samaratunga at the signing of the first agreement (file photo)
Contrary to US embassy denial that funds required for preparatory activities related to controversial MCC (Millennium Challenge Corporation) project had not been disbursed or put off pending finalization of the decision, the US and Sri Lanka signed two agreements worth USD 10 mn in July 2017 and June 2018, according to authoritative sources.
US Embassy twitted on Thursday (25) that no MCC grant monies had been transferred to or spent by the Sri Lankan government under the proposed USD480 million grant. Funds for preparatory activities have been cancelled or indefinitely postponed, pending the Government’s decision whether to proceed with the grant.
The US Embassy was responding to Chairman of the Experts’ Committee Lalithasiri Gunaruwan, Professor of Economics of University of Colombo declaration that though USD 7.4 mn (Rs.1.1 bn) and USD 2.6 mn (Rs 413) had been received in 2017 and 2018 no accounts details were to be found anywhere.
Sources pointed out that the US Embassy, on July 27, 2017 and on June 13, 2018, had announced the finalization of two agreements (i) to develop a compact, including identification and analyzing of specific projects and (ii) to finalize compact development. According to the US Embassy statements, the funds allocated to the tune of USD 10 mn were in addition to the total MCC compact funding amount.
The final report of the Expert’s Committee appointed to review the proposed Millennium Challenge Corporation Compact (MCC) was handed over to President Gotabaya Rajapaksa at the Presidential Secretariat last Thursday.
The Expert Committee said that it stood by its report prepared over a period of six months.
On President Rajapaksa’s directive, the entire report was posted online within 48 hours after receiving it.
Sources pointed out that incumbent US Ambassador Alaina Teplitz, in an interview, in Dec 2018, which was posted on the US Embassy website confirmed the allocation of funds in 2017 and 2018. Ambassador Teplitz is on record as having said: “Via the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC), we are focusing on how to improve the infrastructure in Sri Lanka. MCC’s initial grant, worth Rs. 1.2 billion ($7.4 million), was provided in July 2016 to support feasibility studies needed to develop a high-quality, evidence-based, and sustainable programme, and in 2017, an agreement was signed to provide an additional Rs. 413 million ($ 2.6 million) grant to finalise compact development.”
The Ambassador is quoted as having further said: “All our assistance is grants, and not loans which have to be repaid. We do this because we want to be a friend and partner, where we share mutual interest. Unfortunately, the MCC has been paused for the moment, until the resolution of the political crisis.”
The Gunaruwan Committee included former Secretary to the Ministry of Transport Dr. D. S. Jayaweera, President’s Counsel Nihal Jayawardena and architect Nalaka Jayaweera.
The committee was formed in terms of a Cabinet decision taken on December 18, 2019, a month after the last presidential poll.
Sources pointed out that Ambassador Teplitz had inadvertently said that the two agreements were signed in 2016 and 2017 whereas the actual signing took place in 2017 and 2018.
On behalf of Sri Lanka, Secretary to the Treasury Dr. R.H.S. Samaratunga signed both agreements whereas Fatema Z. Sumar, Regional Deputy Vice President U.S. Government’s MCC and MCC’s Managing Director for Europe, Asia, Pacific, and Latin America Caroline Nguyen signed the 2017 and 2018 agreements, respectively.
The then Deputy Chief of US Embassy Robert Hilton was present on both occasions. Hilton in the run-up to the last presidential poll told media that the US expected Sri Lanka to honour finalised agreements whatever the outcome of the polls.
According to US Embassy statement, issued on June 13, 2018 following the signing of the second agreement, Caroline Nguyen met State Minister for Finance Eran Wickramaratne and the Minister for Highways and Roads, Kabir Hashim.
UNP leader Ranil Wickremesinghe, on Saturday, dismissed the Gunaruwan report while challenging President Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s government to reveal its stand on the MCC compact.
A few weeks before the signing of the first agreement, Mangala Samaraweera received the finance portfolio, which had been previously held by Ravi Karunanayake. Samaraweera and Karunanayake exchanged foreign and finance portfolios, respectively, in the wake of Treasury bond scams (Feb 2015 and March 2016) and Co-sponsorship of the Geneva Resolution (Oct 2015).
Government sources said that the Expert Committee hadn’t been successful in obtaining Attorney General’s Office response to a series of questions formulated to ascertain the status of the MCC compact. In spite of the set of questions made available to the AG’s Office, the Expert Committee had been deprived of the required information at the time the report was handed over to the President, sources said. Responding to another query, sources said that AG’s Office was contacted as the then Finance Minister Samaraweera in the run-up to the last presidential poll issued a statement titled ‘MCC agreement drafted with the consent of AG will be presented in Parliament’. Samaraweera said, “The whole process and the final agreements, were done under the guidance of the Attorney General and well within the legal framework. The Attorney General is of the opinion that the Agreements are in order and there exists no legal impediment to execute same.” The agreements, referred to were the Compact Agreement and the Programme Implementation Agreement.
Dappula de Livera, PC has been serving as the AG since April 29, 2019 following the appointment of his predecessor Jayantha Jayasuriya as the Chief Justice.
The final report by the Expert’s Committee appointed to review the proposed Millennium Challenge Corporation Compact (MCC) is accessible for general public on three websites, the President’s Media Division said.
Accordingly, it will be available on http://www.president.gov.lk/
Link 1: https://www.president.gov.lk/si/ ජනපතිට-භාරදුන්-mcc-සමාලෝචන-අ
President Gotabaya Rajapaksa appointed a four-member Committee to review the proposed Millennium Challenge Corporation Compact (MCC) on January 01, 2020.
The Committee was chaired by Lalithasiri Gunaruwan, a Professor of Economics at University of Colombo.
Former Secretary to the Ministry of Transport Dr. D. S. Jayaweera, President’s Counsel Justice Nihal Jayawardena and architect Nalaka Jayaweera were the other members of the Expert’s committee.
The final report of the Committee was handed over to President Rajapaksa by Prof. Lalithasiri Gunaruwan at the Presidential Secretariat on June 25.
President Rajapaksa directed the Secretary to the President to place the recommendations of the report before the public.
The final report by the Expert’s Committee appointed to review the proposed Millennium Challenge Corporation Compact (MCC) has been made accessible for the general public, President’s Media Division said.
President Gotabaya Rajapaksa appointed a four-member Committee to review the proposed Millennium Challenge Corporation Compact (MCC) on January 01st, 2020.
The Committee was chaired by Lalithasiri Gunaruwan, a Professor of Economics at the University of Colombo. Former Secretary to the Ministry of Transport Dr. D. S. Jayaweera, President’s Counsel Justice Nihal Jayawardena, and architect Nalaka Jayaweera were the other members of the Expert’s committee.
The final report of the Committee was handed over to President Gotabaya Rajapaksa by Prof. Lalithasiri Gunaruwan at the Presidential Secretariat on the 25th of June.
President Rajapaksa directed the Secretary to the President to place the recommendations of the report before the public.
The report can be accessed through the following links:
Another foreign arrival testing positive for the coronavirus infection has taken the tally of virus-positive cases in Sri Lanka to 2,037.
The latest case is a recent returnee from Bangladesh, according to the Health Ministry.
With the new, four individuals have been detected to have contracted the virus, so far today (28). Previously, three individuals including arrivals from Pakistan and Kuwait were confirmed to have tested positive in PCR testing.
Currently, 365 active cases are under medical care at selected hospitals, as per the Epidemiology Unit of the Ministry.
COVID-19 case tally moves to 2,036
The total number of COVID-19 infections reported from Sri Lanka has now moved to 2,036 cases, confirms the Ministry of Health.
This is with an individual who recently arrived from Kuwait testing positive for the virus.
Accordingly, three individuals have been detected to have contracted the virus, so far today (28).
Currently, 364 active cases are under medical care at selected hospitals.
Arrival from Pakistan tests positive for COVID-19
Another arrival from Pakistan has tested positive for the coronavirus infection, moving the total count of COVID-19 cases in the country to 2,035.
Currently, 363 active cases are under medical care at selected hospitals.
Coronavirus count in Sri Lanka moves to 2,034
One more individual has tested positive for the COVID-19 virus, thus, increasing the total number of virus-positive cases in the country to 2,034.
Currently, 362 active cases are under medical care at selected hospitals.
Meanwhile, with 22 more regaining health, count of recoveries reported in the country to hiked to 1,661.
Sri Lanka has witnessed 11 deaths from the virus thus far.
Minister Prasanna Ranatunga says that the complete reopening of airports may be delayed due to the increased number of registrations to arrive in the country.
Previously it was targeted to reopen the airports in Sri Lanka from August 01 and the country will be open for tourists.
Considering that situation, the date of complete reopening may be postponed to after August 15 or towards the end of August, said the Minister.
However, Ranatunga said that they will try their best to reopen the airports by August 01.
Persons visiting the country must be subjected to PCR testing both in the country from which they are visiting and at the Bandaranaike International Airport (BIA) in Sri Lanka.
If the PCR test results are positive they will be hospitalized while the rest will be quarantined for 14 days. Between the 7th and the 10th day of the mandatory quarantine, they will be tested again and released if the results are negative for COVID-19, said the Minister.
The very controversial and dangerous US transnational project known as MCC Compact has generated public objections for the right reasons and if not for the resolve of a handful of people who went out to publicly educate the people, the previous government would have done a 1815 on us (betrayal of the Nation) in 2015 itself. It would have become a treachery repeating itself after 200 years. The dangers seen by the public was to ensure another 1840 Wasteland Ordinance type land grab by foreigners would not take place via MCC. The plan was not plotted in 2015 but by helping regime change the plotters found it easier to roll out their plan that had been incrementally laid out via various international funding programs and associated demands. The public objections resulted in the new government appointing a Committee to review the MCC Compact headed by economist Dr. Lalithasiri Gunaruwan. Their interim report recommended not to proceed with the MCC given its impact on socio-economy of Sri Lanka & violation of constitution & sovereignty. Their final report expanded on what was given in the interim report. The shocker comes in the revelation that the US Govt/MCC has given $10million during 2017 & 2018 but there are no records of such transaction. This is a very serious scenario and the public demands answers. More serious is the reality that the Statutes associated with MCC continue to be drafted by the AG’s department and these dangerous Statutes must be stopped& that which has been passed needs to be repealed and more protective Statutes must be passed with inputs from a patriotic set of lawyers.
MCC is part of the US Government. Though claiming to function independently its an all US-Govt board – US Secretary of State is Chairman, Secretary of the US Treasury is the Vice Chairman, US Trade Representative, USAID, CEO of MCC and 4 US private sector members. All of whom are appointed by the US President with the consent of the US Senate. MCC is a bilateral foreign aid agency functioning just like USAID. The funds come through the US Govt. Thus, MCC $480m Compact to Sri Lanka is given by the US Govt. If Nepal MCC is part of Indo-US Pacific Strategy & essentially a component of US pivot to Asia, Sri Lanka’s MCC is definitely part of that project which involves all of US allies & a host of pro-US transnational companies. All those involved in this larger project are people who find common ground only in their greed to loot & plunder nations & their resources.
It’s important to note how this Compact has secretly come into Sri Lanka immediately after regime change in January 2015 installing a puppet President and placing a minority party as the Government until August 2015. The Compact is associated to prior funding initiatives to bind the project further.
A precondition of the MCC is a Constraints Analysis as ‘foundation’ for US investment. In March 2017 the GoSL, MCC and Center for International Development (CID) at Harvard University agreed to prepare such a report. Was $7.4m granted for this report?
The Sri Lanka Constraints Analysis team for MCC comprised:
Charitha Ratwatte (Senior Advisor); Nandaka Molagoda (Economist); Mangala Yapa (Agency for Development); Anushka Wijesinha (Ceylon Chamber of Commerce); and Rathnasiri Sirwardhane (Coordinator). Indrajit Coomaraswamy. Coomaraswamy is now part of Pathfinder Foundation promoting signing of MCC via its post-covid economic proposal too.
The Constraints Analysis report shows that the foreigners have done surveys and statistics on Sri Lanka and know more about the country than the people or officials in Sri Lanka.Using this data, they give funding from one hand (out of money created by them) and then take back that money plus much more by demanding access to resources and assets of a country as well as change country laws to facilitate & legalize their plunder. All this is benchmarked by the doing business report” no different to the structural adjustment programs tied to aid where a State is always asked to only reduce welfare given to the poor.
There is no free lunch echoed Mrs. B.Video Player00:0001:26
Prime Minister Imran Khan’s sentiments about AID being a curse is noteworthy & all Third World leaders should listen to his speech.
This certainly links to the revelation by the Gunaruwan Committee that claims $10m given by MCC in 2017 & 2018 is not found in any Government accounts. So where is this money? Who has been given this money? Has it already gone to an offshore account as the Copenhagen study implies? We want answers.
The US embassy in Colombo has denied any disbursement of money prior to signing
Nevertheless, the recipients must be overjoyed as no one need pay back the money if the US embassy now says – no monies were transferred! Whoever has this $10million is very lucky!
Everyone is presuming that with the MCC Review Committee presenting their report recommending Sri Lanka’s Government does not sign the Agreement which means it is not passed by Parliament, what we are all forgetting is that unknown or ignored by all, the drastic changes that MCC want to happen in Sri Lanka is already happening.
The cake is being baked already – MCC signing & passing by Parliament was just the icing needed. But the cake is good enough without the icing.
You will next ask, how this is possible.
To understand this, it is important to be aware of the bigger picture. The efforts to change our deed system began after independence but with astute judges like Justice Amarasinghe, who rejected these proposals, these external efforts got delayed. But the attempts did not stop and every attempt has been deviously tied to aid/investment initiatives. This was how a completely foreign registration law got enacted without the public knowing of it in 1998. Title Registration Act 21 is also known as Torrens Title Registration but it was promoted in Sri Lanka as ‘bim saviya’ so that people would not question the ‘international’ component of it.
This international registration system will remove all the history of our lands embedded in the deeds that we hold as well as the sannasas and other ancient scripts to claim Temple/kovil lands.
Unlike created countries, ours is an island nation with a long and proud history. The lands belonged to the King who was custodian of the land that belonged to the People. The kings’ role was passed on to the President/Parliament/Judiciary. Every inch of land has a history to it. Land was never meant to be used as a commodity.
The resources of the land were meant to continue from generation to generation. The importance of land & our future is articulated by Justice Amarasinghe in his landmark judgement on the Eppawela Phosphate case where he annulled the US-Japan project which also had a train link from Anuradhapura to Trincomalee Port covering the same area that US/MCC –Japan has demarcated in its road-rail project.
The World Bank awarded money to the GoSL to implement ‘bim saviya’.
As per Senior Deputy Surveyor-General only 700,000 title registration certificates have been given. These 700,000 would have had their original deeds taken & replaced with a 1page certificate of Title which just has the owners name and plan. As per Act 21 of 1998 the original deeds are to be destroyed. This 1page Certificate will erase all records of former ownership and the history attached to that land. The Senior Deputy Surveyor-General however recommends that owners retain the original deeds, extracts & certified copies of their deeds. But has this been communicated to the 700,000 people BEFORE they parted with their deeds? Can they get their deeds back or have they been destroyed as was mandatory by the Act? Are people literate enough to understand all this mumbo jumbo? Even international professors writing on the Torrens Title Registration system calls it a law fit for fraudsters.
Erasing the deed history is a fundamental right violation of the People’s sovereignty!
Is there an alternative? Yes
When people began to complain against bim saviya in particular the Maha Sangha after realizing the Temple lands would also fall under Torrens Registration system, President Mahinda Rajapakse appointed a Samarasekera Committee who forwarded an alternative. This Statute is drafted by not passed. This report must be taken & studied again by LOCAL LAWYERS not foreign consultants or local lawyers paid by foreigners.
Why shouldn’t the existing deeds be entered in e-register. Why erase the existing deeds and issue new international title registrations promoted by USAID, World Bank & US actors?
Even US refuses to use Title Registration & continues with deed system. If US is following deed system, why do US actors insist other countries depart from existing deed system and adopt an international registration system. The deed system used by all commonwealth countries allows land owners access to court but the Torrens Title Registration doesn’t.
By agreeing to adopt an international registration system, international lawyers will play a prominent role over local lawyers. This should be a concern for all Sri Lankan lawyers.Foreign lawyers & their international consultancy firms will be handling land cases hereafter with little or no say for the Sri Lankan Government. Let’s not forget that we live in times where international companies are taking governments to international tribunals. With an international title registration system in place this too may become a reality.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iv_d6ISe6f0listen to former MCC Chair Hillary Clinton who says after signing MCC will be sole judge and smart power aligns to US policy of Development, Diplomacy & Defense.
What was the AG under yahapalana thinking when passing MCC agreement?
The title registration once fully implemented will also repeal Roman Dutch Law, law of prescription & judicial precedence that existed for over 150 years.
E-Register/Land Information System
The title registration makes no difference in Private or State Land. All will be entered into an electronic land registry as per international template and identified by a 10 digit number. We will not know what was even a temple land.
Transferring a country’s entire land data to ELECTRONICS destroying the manual documents means whoever owns the data owns the future. MCC agreement says it owns Sri Lanka’s intellectual property – past, present & future. How could the AG under yahapalana government approve such a hand over of a country’s data?
The US embassy Colombo advertised for Expressions of Interest from consultancy firms to develop the E-Land Hub for the National Land Titling Program in Sri Lanka. It was the US embassy that chose the consultancy company.
That we have found ourselves in a stalemate situation is purely because politicians and officials have fallen prey to foreign funding and servility mentality ignoring the more valid and practical inputs of the BASL and Ministry of Justice to improve existing land laws.
MCC funding requires title registration & electronics for its land project.
The most dangerous aspect disclosed in the MCC agreement itself is the subtly included clause that US will stay beyond its 5 year compact if GoSL cannot carry out the project as per MCC conditions.
Politicians and officials in their short-sighted belief that funding will provide answers to all economic-ills and in a hurry to accept investments overlooking the socio-economic /environment impacts or even legal ramifications for the country have walked into too many traps, worse of which is the MCC.In so doing, they have ignored that title registration is only in English– why has no politician or public official not raised the need to have any system in Sinhalese & Tamil the language of the country? How many speak & can understand English or are literate enough to deal in computers?
While politically claiming MCC will not be signed, everyone seems to ignore that on the ground all that the MCC compact roll out requires is taking place & no politician or public official is taking action to stop the initiatives that are all part of the MCC Compact. The title registration is continuing, the cadastral mapping is continuing, the land information system is continuing, scanning of land registry books is by US company and the Statutes related to MCC and facilitating MCC are being drafted by the AG’s Dept. If MCC is not to be signed then the bigger dangers of the Statutes getting passed which are linked to MCC must be stopped and alternatives and protections placed.
E-registrar with Title registration via international law CANNOT be implemented and SHOULD NOT be implemented. A Govt that agrees not to proceed with MCC must immediately halt all initiatives and programs that were launched as part of it prior to signing.
The GoSL must immediately halt these initiatives and appoint a team of lawyers to relook at the Samarasekera Committee Report & provide a quick, efficient & cost-effective counter proposal fine-tuning what was recommended by the Samarasekera Committee.
In
Australian State of Victoria, Roving Testing Squads and government Health Door
Knockers are making surprise checks in homes, similar to the campaign
started long time ago in Sri Lanka.
Many
returning inter-state travellers are refusing to undergo Covid 19 Tests, as it
is not mandatory, unlike in Sri Lanka under curfew and Quarantine Law. The
law in Sri Lanka is primarily governed under
Quarantine and Prevention of Diseases Ordinance No.03 of 1897 (QPDO). The
ordinance was introduced (inter-alia) to prevent the introduction of plague and
all contagious or infection diseases to Sri Lanka and the spread of such
diseases in and outside Sri Lanka”.
In Sri Lanka only one foreign traveller, an American
Diplomat, escaped the tests, but presented himself later on government
intervention. In Sri Lanka the rules are so tight at present, the
returning travellers or tourists must undergo PCR tests at the Airport
upon arrival before Immigration compliances.
Based on the PCR test results, all passengers are diverted
to the hospitals or quarantine centres for 14 days. Strict vigilance is
conducted in and around quarantine centres prohibiting any arriving tourists,
leaving the centres or socialising in violation of health regulations of
Sri Lanka. Drone cameras are also being used for this purpose. Perhaps
these are handy hints from a small nation to Big Nations!
The
States are also blaming for the failure to engage Australian Defence Force
actively in combating Covid 19. We recall the Sri Lankan opposition
blaming its government for engaging the Army to assist health authorities,
which was ignored by the government of Sri Lanka.
Recently
Shenali Waduge wrote an excellent piece on Federal Governance system in
combating Covid 19. In Victoria, with its extremely popular City of
Melbourne, the State Government is facing a tough battle to contain the
spread of virus. This was in spite of the great volume of
planning and hardwork undertaken by its Premier Mr Daniel Andrews.
Hurriedly
organised Testing Centres are inundated with anxious Victorians queuing up,
some had to wait as much as 4 hours to get tested. Due to unexpected
massive crowds arriving at the centres, the centres have been closed
early, with massive traffic jams. The centres were not fully equipped to
meet the demands of unexpected influx of Victorians. The shopping
centres once again have placed maximum quantity for each customer
for most sanitary related products.
Last
week, Dr Stephen Ducket a Senior Health Economist from the
Grattan
Institute,
requested other States to keep their boarders closed.
South
Australia has virtually opened its boarders to most States, except
Victoria. Queensland and New South Wales are requesting Victorians
not to travel to their States.
Since
yesterday, Victorian Government appears to have taken another leaf from
the books of Sri Lanka. They are now embarking on random police checks of
drivers in the 6 Victorian Local Government areas identified as hotspots.
In these Cities of Hume, Brimbank, Moreland, Darebin, Cardinia and Casey where
17, 10, 6, 6 and 7 Covid 19 cases have been tracked down as Covid
19 positive patients. These are densely populated cities, with at least
one million Victorians living in 6 Cities. Similar to Sri Lanka, the Army
has been deployed from 24 June for door-knocking to find any Covid
19 cases. In a vast continent with only 23 million
Australians, it is regrettable that the situation is still not under
control. Visionary actions of President Gotabaya
Rajapakse saved our small nation with 23 million Sri Lankans, in a densely
populated island.
Within
States confusion existed between State Premiers in regard to the opening
of the School days and now the closing days before the upcoming Winter vacation.
Where in some families, either mum or dad work and reside inter-state, the kids
are unable to meet both parents and siblings during school holidays due to
confusion and restrictions.
Our
politicians like Ranil, Sajith, Sambandan, Sumanthiran, Mano, Hakeem,
Jayampathy Wickremaratne ( thank God he has disappeared ),
JVP, etc. need to study the practical aspects of their demands for
federal system of government.
In
Australia the Federal Prime Minister Mr Scott Morrison has done an excellent
job in providing leadership and relief packages. But the
State Premiers are under no obligation to accept the orders of the Prime
Minister. He can only REQUEST the state premiers, representing
Labour and Liberal Premiers, squabbling with each other.
Hence,
the pandemic continues unabated in Australia. This is mainly due to lack of
central control where the National Leader Mr Scott Morrison is bound by the
Federal System.
The
introduction of Federal System and removal of Executive Presidency in Sri Lanka
will be a recipe for disaster!
http://www.mq.edu.au/ “Visions of an Island” is an autobiographical account of Sir Christopher Ondaatje’ romance with Sri Lanka drawing on several of his books.
Sir Christopher is writer in residence from 28 March till 14 April 2011, he was born in Ceylon, educated in London and immigrated to Canada in 1956. He has worked at several magazines and newspapers, and in 1967 founded the Pagurian Press, which eventually became the enormously successful Pagurian Corporation. In 1988 he sold all his business interests and returned to the literary world.
He is the author of seven books including the best-selling Burton biographies “Sindh Revisited” and “Journey to the Source of the Nile”. He was a member of Canada’s 1964 Olympic bobsled team, is a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society and a Trustee of the National Portrait Gallery. He lives in London, England.
The recent border clashes with China on the land frontier may have spiked the stakes for India on the sea-front, too, more than anticipated and acknowledged. While the multiple security agreements with the US and the rest over the past years may be an expression of the nation’s resolve to check Chinese ‘expansionism’ through the ‘String of Pearls’, more needs to be done to ensure that China is unable to use its ‘land acquisitions’ in Maldives and Sri Lanka, among others, against India, in times of military adversity.
Through a December 2019 decision, India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) expanded the relatively recent IOR (Indian Ocean Region) Division to include Comoros, French Reunion and Madagascar to the existing quartet of Maldives and Sri Lanka, Mauritius and Seychelles. Looked at from Delhi, the seven-island combo has made the Indian Ocean, an ‘Indian Lake’ from New Delhi’s diplomatic perspective.
In the post-Cold War era, for the larger ‘Indo-Pacific’, a geo-strategic space that India has since adopted from the US creator of the term, New Delhi has signed multiple inter-operable agreements with different nations. The main aim is to keep China off the nearby seas, or at least make the costs dearer for Beijing, to undertake an adventure of the northern land-border kind.
India has signed multiple security/Inter-operable military agreements with the US, Japan and Australia, and also has the Quad of all four. New Delhi also has similar pacts with Singapore, South Korea, Vietnam, Philippines and Indonesia. There are now reports of India signing similar pacts with the UK, the erstwhile colonial ruler of South Asia, and possibly with Russia, too. Independent of the Rafale fighter deal, India has also signed a security pact with France. The two nations conducted joint patrolling of the seas from French Reunion, in February 2020/
Territorial possessions
In India’s immediate Ocean neighbourhood, however, China already has ‘territorial possessions’ in the form of Feydhoo Finolhu resort-island in Maldives and Hambantota Port in Sri Lanka. Apart from Hambantota, Chinese investments in Sri Lanka have gone into building the Mattara ‘international’ airport, Colombo Port City and expressway projects criss-crossing the island-nation.
China obtained the former through a direct, 50-year-lease, purportedly against a payment of $4 million under the controversial regime of erstwhile President Abdulla Yameen. Beijing obtained a 99-year-old lease for the Hambantota Port area after Sri Lanka agreed to a ‘debt-for-equity’ swap-deal under a regime different from that of the one that had signed a construction-cum-concession contract.
Independent of regime-change in either country, there is nothing to suggest that two by themselves pose security threat of any kind to the larger Indian neighbour. However, with China in possession of their land-holdings on a long-term lease, it is anybody’s guess how Beijing may operationalise what Sri Lanka’s current president Gotabaya Rajapaksa has since described as a ‘commercial agreement’ involving his predecessor dispensation, and has moved away from his intermediate commitment of ‘re-negotiating’ the same.
India’s experience with China in the tri-junction corridor with Bhutan at Doklam in 2017 should be educative. That should have prepared New Delhi to expect a strategic, security situation of the kind in the immediate waters, now or later. While the adjoining waters may be secure than otherwise, following the multiplicity of security pacts, the same cannot be said of China’s land holdings in these two nations.
Freedom of navigation
If push comes to the shove, and China feels ‘choked’ by India and its pact-partners in the Indo-Pacific, especially the immediate Indian Ocean waters adjoining the Indian shores, Beijing can seek ‘freedom of navigation’ to its possessions in Maldives and Sri Lanka. China could insist on transporting only ‘civilian material’ by sea to these countries, and make the host-governments legitimate partners in pressing its demands in international water.
It is one thing for the international community, including India, to read the rule-book to China, and point out how it had violated the very norms that it wanted enforced, when it came to the South China and East China Seas. However, it will be another if the two smaller neighbours of India were made to cite those norms and rules, and submit that their economic subsistence and sustenance were being challenged for no fault of theirs. It would be a situation India could do without.
Even without such a politico-legal showdown, India cannot hope to feel secure as long as there are Chinese installations even of a civilian kind in its immediate waters. Both Hambantota and Feydhoo Finolhu face the Indian Ocean sea-lanes of communications (SLOCs) and also the US military-base in Diego Garcia.
India’s EEZ is not far away from these two Chinese possessions. The nation’s shorelines, starting with the Andaman-Nicobar Command too with be at an ear-short from either of them. Without these two Chinese posts, India used to feel secure and confident that the Andamans Nicobar Command would watch out into the ocean, day and night, for signs of adventurous adversarial movements, be it of China or Pakistan. Now guard-watching may become mutual, though China’s PLA or PLA-N or the air force may have a visible presence in either Hambantota or Feydhoo Finolhu.
Public diplomacy
New Delhi seems confident with the existing and new security pacts with such other users of Indian Ocean trade-routes, it can hope to ensure rules-based navigation in these waters. However, this would not suffice when it comes to ensuring India’s national security and territorial integrity, which it cannot compromise, New Delhi then will have to engage its Ocean neighbours, pro-actively.
At present, India is engaged with Japan and Singapore to develop the eastern Trincomalee port and town, as if it were a parallel to the real-time Chinese possession of Hambantota. India is also set to develop the Colombo Port’s East Terminal. In Maldives, the two nations have agreed on India funding the Male-Thilafushi sea-bridge, on the lines of the China-funded, Male-Hulhumale’ sea-bridge, connecting the national capital and island-airport.
Departing from the traditional mode of ‘budgetary support’ in the case of Maldives, India is engaging these two countries in infrastructure and developmental funding in multiple ways. Over the past decade or so, and more so with incumbent Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s ‘Neighbourhood First’ policy, New Delhi has made developmental funding a part of its ‘public diplomacy’ in the host-countries, reaching out to their people, though only through the medium of their respective national governments.
India began with a massive housing scheme for Sri Lanka’s war-ravaged ethnic Tamils, and has since extended the facility to cover Upcountry Tamils or ‘estate Tamils’, and majority Sinhalas, too. In Maldives, it has funded municipal schemes, which is a major concern in the archipelago-nation. These have become popular with the local population, whose sympathy and support cannot be overlooked in the formulation of India’s neighbourhood policy, especially.
Pro-active measures
To gain a greater sense of security than already, India needs to revisit the Neighbourhood Policy, which has mostly remained a diplomatic initiative with economic initiatives thrown in for effect. New Delhi needs to engage all neighbours, especially Ocean neighbours starting with Maldives and Sri Lanka in the immediate waters, to deny traditional adversaries a toe-hold on their territory.
India needs to work even more with its international partners to help its neighbours to find ways of clearing China’s dues, which has acknowledged to be a ‘debt-trap’ of unmitigated proportions for Sri Lanka, and promises to be so for Maldives, too. This, and such other funding of developmental projects in the neighbourhood, as different from India’s reported bid to take over the management of the unused and under-utilised Mattara airport, another white elephant of a China-funded project in Sri Lanka.
On the security front, New Delhi can begin by re-activating the biennial India-Maldives ‘Dhosti’ Coast Guard exercises, to which they brought in Sri Lanka after the end of the ethnic war in that country, a decade ago. India then needs to extend the scope of the effort to rope in other nations now coming under MEA’s IOR Division, and also expand the operations, by bringing in the Indian Navy and IAF.
India may be able to achieve this goal only in phases and stages, and through a time-consuming process. But without such arrangements with the immediate neighbours, India can never really feel secure in the company of its pact-based strategic allies in and for the Indian Ocean Region on the one hand, and the Indo-Pacific on the other. After Doklam and Galwan along the land borders, time may not be on India’s side just now. New Delhi should still play for the medium and long terms, and should not let the need and opportunity lapse for want of trying.The views expressed above belong to the author(s).
Sri Lanka will hold its Parliamentary election on 5 August. The efficient leadership of President Gotabaya Rajapaksa was demonstrated in managing the recent Covid-19 pandemic crisis. It is a proven leadership which will be a significant factor to ensure a landslide victory in the upcoming election for the Rajapaksa front. There are two other factors which will determine a Rajapaksa victory. First, the fracturing of the main opposition party the United National Party (UNP). For the first time in its history, the party is split into two camps which will divide and erode their voter base. Second, the loss of several years of economic growth and political instability due to Sirisena-Wickramasinghe policies finally resulting in the loss of hundreds of lives and threatening national security. Perhaps predicting the upcoming defeat at the elections one-time political spin doctor and former Foreign Minister of Sirisena-Wickramasinghe Government, Mangala Samaraweera, withdrew from the parliamentary race. Hopefully after the upcoming election, the long absent political stability will be restored in the island nation.
There are currently two inquires afloat, one on corruption and the other on negligence. The central bank bond scam and the Easter Sunday terror attack inquiry findings will impact the domestic political landscape. Both inquiries are in full swing, revealing shocking information such as a previous Central Bank Governor accused of the bond scam who is now residing in Singapore having changed his name. On the Easter Sunday inquiry, more previously unheard and unattended information were revealed and exposed to the public on the extremist activities by the perpetrators. Further, discussing the Easter Sunday attack at a recent interview to BBC, former President Sirisena explained Why should I accept responsibility for the Easter attacks? Responsibility should be taken by those responsible”. As the commander in chief with direct responsibility on national security, there should have been acknowledgement of the failure in authorities. Comparing with another post-terror attack in Norway in 2011, carried out by Anders Behring Breivik, Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg apologized to the nation for failings in his duties, and this even without any prior warnings. The Sri Lankan situation was a systemic failure at different levels, the system was headed by no other than the Sirisena-Wickramasinghe duo.
In the economic front, Sri Lanka and many developing nations will face the brunt of Covid-19 and the global economic recession. Japan’s JICA suspended funding for a new project until financial policies and the debt position of Sri Lanka is clarified raising concerns on the current debt situation of the country. Meanwhile, China recently extended its assistance standing strongly with the island nation. As a symbolic gesture, acting Chinese Ambassador in Sri Lanka, Hu Wei, handed over an official letter from President Xi to Sri Lankan President Gotabaya Rajapaksa on his 71st birthday, praising his leadership in managing Covid-19. Medical assistance during the pandemic has transformed into financial assistance as China takes the helm in assisting many nations.
Containment strategies: Sri Lanka’s role in regional stability
The global pandemic has made the world a more dangerous place with pressure surmounting within nations from internal and external pressure in the political, economic and security spheres. Assessing China’s aggression, former Indian National Security Advisor Amb. Shivshankar Menon explains: it seems to me that it’s part of a general pattern and a general shift in Chinese behaviour in the way they deal with the world. What I supposed the Chinese themselves have called wolf warrior diplomacy”. The general pattern and shift of China’s behaviour could be trickled down to the pressure exerted on China from recent containment strategies at the geopolitical high table. Nations use other nations for their strategic advantage. Long before the Cold War, using Russia’s geographical position, US made an alliance with Russia to act as a wedge and not a bridge between Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan. In the same way, has the US taken advantage of India’s geography to drive a wedge between China and her strategic allies surrounding India? With the brewing conflict of Indo-China, how would Sri Lanka manage its defence and foreign relations with both nations?
China is directly facing geopolitical challenges arising from multiple issues at multiple geographies at the same time, from the surrounding Indian geosphere at Galwan and Pangong Tso, Ladakh, Senkaku Islands, South China Sea, Taiwan to the streets of Hong Kong. According to professor Srikanth Kondapalli, ‘all of these Chinese assertive and aggressive responses have been put down to a new wolf warrior” diplomacy and is a bid to cover-up the Covid-19 disaster’. While China’s presence in the multiple geographies is visible, it does not reflect that its actions are intended to cover up the pandemic. More than a cover-up, it is symbolic and strategic, depicting Beijing’s military might at multiple locations simultaneously. A clash triggered at Galawan Valley between Indian and Chinese troops with casualties for both sides was explained by Foreign Ministry spokesperson Zhao Lijian by stating: on 15 June Indian troops seriously violated our consensus and twice crossed the borderline for illegal activities and provoked and attacked Chinee personnel.” The direct accusation by China has intensified and reset the China-India confidence-building mechanism (CBM) exercises during the last three decades, while both sides accuse each other of violating the unmarked border, the Line of Actual Control (LAC) of 3,440 km distance. Threats at the harsh geographical terrain are linked to the larger geopolitical context. There has been a threat looming from the militarization of strategic alliances in which India has played an active role.
While the pandemic environment has the potential to severely erode military budgets and minimize the military projection of many nations, there seems to be silent military alignments and infrastructure expansions taking place in South Asia. With the US President’s decision to reformat G7 grouping of the advanced economies to G11, inviting India, Australia, South Korea, and Russia is a significant step impacting Indo-Pacific geopolitical space. Two scholars from India, Mansheetal Singh and Megha Gupta suggest that the ‘Indo-Pacific requires an urgent need for a coordinated strategy to mute China’s swaying strategies in the region. Leadership for this should come through mooting a proposed Indo – Pacific Treaty Organization (IPTO). IPTO must be patterned on the lines of NATO which have been a successful and effective association even after the disintegration of the USSR. Only through an alliance like this can we hope to avert further security turbulences inflicted by China in the Indo Pacific region’.
The Mutual Military Logistics Support Agreement with reciprocal access to military bases was signed on June 4 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Australian counterpart, Scott Morrison. This agreement would strengthen the quadrilateral partnership that includes Japan and the U.S, further. The agreement adds to India’s already existing agreements with the United States, Japan, Singapore, Vietnam and Indonesia. These agreements would assist to secure India’s role as a net security provider of the region and to contain Chinese influence in India’s marine sphere. Australian Scholar David Brewster highlights that ‘Australia will need a sober understanding of India’s likely future abilities to act as a regional security provider across our shared oceanic space.’ While the agreements would provide strength, it also drags India closer to US orbit and the western sphere, departing from its South-South agenda away from Iran in India’s western shores. The Sri Lankan government did not proceed with the similar US military logistics agreement SOFA (Status of Forces Agreement) and financial assistance MCC (Millennium Challenge Compact) seeing it as detrimental to its national security. This position could push Sri Lanka closer to the Chinese orbit despite its neighbor’s alliances with the US.
Thus, the entire focus is on India’s north, on the Line of Actual Control (LAC). There is less focus on India’s south, the Indian Ocean and its littorals. Seeing the growing security threat from China in India’s vicinity, there will be strong reaction to counter and strengthen India’s role as the net security provider of the region. At the beginning of the year, India started to reorganize its military command structure by introducing the first Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) since 1947, General Bipin Rawat. Sri Lanka introduced its CDS many years back, providing a single point of view to the government on the three armed services under a unified command. Perhaps the reason India took so long was to keep military at limited engagement with bureaucracy at the center. The shift and internal reorganization would assist its process to take swift coordinated action.
The tense situation in the Sino-India relationship will have an impact on regional nations that maintain a cordial relationship with both countries. The recent conflict has got the Indian foreign policy circle to revisit their view on China and long-term economic barriers for Chinese products are already being discussed. India would need a mediatory partner to ease the tension in the region, while conflict would minimize the strategic space for nations like Sri Lanka to gain and maximize its gains while not antagonizing either. There is no harm in Sri Lanka playing a mediatory role left behind by Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranayake in December 1962, where she was trusted by both nations to minimize the tension and draw up the ‘Colombo Proposals’, which India accepted, and China accepted in principle. Although the context is different to 1962, Sri Lanka with its unique geography in the Indian Ocean, being the closest neighbor to India and a strong strategic partner to China, revisiting and resuscitating its foreign policy legacy, President Gotabaya Rajapaksa could perhaps play an active role with the question of regional stability increasingly being contested.The views expressed above belong to the author(s).
Formations like the El Niño of the Pacific Ocean could emerge
About 19,000-21,000 years ago, ice-sheets covered North America and Eurasia, and sea-levels were much lower, with Adam’s Bridge exposed so that the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka were contiguous. This period, the peak of ice age conditions, is called the Last Glacial Maximum. Researchers analysed simulations of this past climate and predicted that the ongoing climate change could reawaken an ancient climate pattern of the Indian Ocean.
They find that this could be similar to the El Niño phenomenon of the Pacific Ocean bringing more frequent and devastating floods and drought to several densely-populated countries around the Indian Ocean region. If current warming trends continue, this new Indian Ocean El Niño could emerge as early as 2050. The results were published in Science Advances.
Study on shells
By studying microscopic zooplankton called foraminifera, the team had published a paper in 2019 which first found evidence from the past of an Indian Ocean El Niño. Foraminifera build a calcium carbonate shell, and studying these can tell us about the properties of the water in which they lived. The team measured multiple individual shells of foraminifera from ocean sediment cores and was able to reconstruct the sea surface temperature conditions of the past.
In the previous paper, we argued for the existence of an ‘Indian Ocean El Niño’ during the Last Glacial Maximum. We suggest that the Indian Ocean has the capacity to harbour much larger climate variability than observed during the last few decades or a century,” writes co-author Kaustubh Thirumalai, from the Department of Geosciences at the University of Arizona in an email to The Hindu. In this paper, we argue that this climate variability in the Indian Ocean can arise under increased greenhouse gas forcing of global climate change.”
Lessons to learn
He explains that there are many lessons to be learnt from this cooler period about our warmer future, even though the Last Glacial Maximum consisted of vastly different conditions compared to where the world is headed… For example, global sea-level is rising and glacial ice is melting today whereas the opposite was true for the Last Glacial Maximum”
Prof. Thirumalai adds: As it is, under present-day conditions, changes in the Indian Ocean Dipole and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation strongly affect Indian Monsoon variability from year to year. If the hypothesised ‘equatorial mode’ emerges in the near future, it will pose another source of uncertainty in rainfall prediction and will likely amplify swings in monsoon rainfall.”
The paper adds that it could bring more frequent droughts to East Africa and southern India and increased rainfall over Indonesia. The team warns that further work is needed to accurately assess this new mode, particularly under lower-emission scenarios and also taking into account past climatic states other than the Last Glacial Maximum.
Although representatives of the World Muslim League (WML) had announced a donation of USD 5 million to support victims of the Easter Sunday attacks in July 2019, the Catholic Church was not aware of further progress of this initiative, Director of Sethsarana, the charity wing of the catholic church, Father Nishantha Lawrence Ramanayake informed the PCoI probing Easter Sunday attacks on Thursday.
He said that the WML had made this announcement at the National Conference on Peace, Harmony and Coexistence at Nelum Pokuna held in July 2019.
Fr. Ramanayake said the announcement of the funding decision was made before the then president Maithripala Sirisena, former western province governor A. J. M Muzammil and other dignitaries, by WML Secretary General, Dr. Mohommad Bin Abdulkarim Alissa.
The witness said during the conference, former President Maithripala Sirisena had received a symbolic dummy of a cheque mentioning USD 5 million.
After making this announcement before higher officials of the previous government, we haven’t received any update about the funding process. We don’t even know whether the previous government got those funds or not,” Father Ramanayake said.
Testifying before the Commission on Thursday (24) night, the witness said that before announcing the above initiative at the conference, the WML had informed this to Archbishop of Colombo, Malcolm Cardinal Ranjith.
Senior DIG Deshabandu Tennakoon said today that those who fail to wear face masks in public places would be arrested and sent for self quarantine from tomorrow. He said nearly 7,000 people have been warned in the Western Province for not wearing face masks. DIG Tennakoon said arrests would be made under quarantine regulations.
The Ministry of Health has confirmed that 19 more persons have tested positive for COVID-19 as of 2.30 pm today (27).
The latest coronavirus infections have moved the tally to 2,033.
The Department of Government Information said all of these patients are arrivals from Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Meanwhile, the total number of COVID-19 recoveries confirmed in Sri Lanka increased to 1,639 earlier today as 20 patients were discharged from hospitals.
According to the Epidemiology Unit’s statistics, 383 active cases are currently under medical care at several hospitals across the country.
Eleven patients have succumbed to the virus to date.
A commission will be appointed to look into the financial misconducts and irregularities in the loans provided by state banks during the government of Good Governance, says Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa.
This decision was reached during a meeting with the employees’ union of the Bank of Ceylon at the Temple Trees.
The Premier also heeded the issue of pension of current state bank employees. He assured them that solutions will be provided to the matter through a committee, without delay.
