Doomsday Clock – Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists

April 20th, 2024

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists

Doomsday Clock and Minutes to Midnight – an initiative by the world’s top nuclear scientists to quantify the likelihood and yes we are closer to nuclear war in 2024 than ever before. It is just 90 seconds to midnight. Worst ever.

But this did not happen suddenly. It gradually deteriorated over since 1997. It was 15 minutes to midnight after the Cold War ended but since then it again reduced (worsened).

Now it is worse than during the Cold War.

Doomsday Clock – Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (thebulletin.org)

General Amnesty for Tri-Forces Absentees

April 20th, 2024

Ministry of Defence  – Media Centre

The Ministry of Defence announces that the General Amnesty period announced from 20.04.2024 to 20.05.2024 for members of the Tri-Forces who have been marked as Absent Without Official Leave (AWOL) is not applicable for Commissioned Officers who are marked as AWOL.

1.         General Amnesty is valid only for other rank personnel of the Tri-Forces who have not reported for duty without leave on or before 31.12.2023.

2.         This General Amnesty period does not apply for Commissioned Officers who have not reported for duty without leave.

3.         During this General Amnesty period, those who report will be legally discharged from their respective services. However, the General Amnesty is not applicable to those personnel mentioned below while taking into consideration the expenses incurred for the special training provided using public funds in the following sectors and considering the difficulties encountered to maintain the operations in those sectors by their discharge.

            a.         Rates where General Amnesty does not apply in the Army,

                        i.          Public Health Inspector

                        ii.         Dental Therapist

                        iii.        Dental Surgery Assistant

                        iv.        Electromagnetic Draughtsman

                        v.         Laboratory Technician

                        vi.        Nurse

                        vii.       Ophthalmologist

                        viii.      Surgery Room Technician

                        ix.        Pharmacist

                        x.         Drug Combinatory

                        xi.        Physiotherapist

                        xii.       Rectifier and Preservation

                        xiii.      Occupational Therapist

                        xiv.      Electrophoresis Artist

                        xv.       Radiologist

                        xvi.      Smart Devices

                        xvii.     Carpentry

            b.         Rates where General Amnesty does not apply in the Navy,

                        i.          Artificers in all categories

                        ii.         Professional Medical / Professional Dental Sailors

            c.         Rates where General Amnesty does not apply in the Air Force,

i.          The personnel in the following rates under the Directorate of Aircraft Engineering who have not completed 12 years of service after completing advanced vocational training courses,

                                    (a).       Aircraft Airframe Technician

                                    (b).      Aircraft Engine Technician

                                    (c).       Aircraft Electrical and Avionics Technician

                                    (d).      Aircraft Safety Equipment Assistant

                        ii.         The following rates under the Directorate of Health Services,

                                    (a).       Certified Nurse

                                    (b).      Electromagnetic Draughtsman

                                    (c).       Electrophoresis Technician

                                    (d).      Pharmacist

                                    (e).       Medical Laboratory Technician

                                    (f).       Biomedical Technologist

                                    (g).      Air Force Medical Inspector

                                    (h).      Radiologist

                        iii.        Rates in Dental Service,

                                    (a).       Certified Nurse

                                    (b).      Radiologist

                                    (c).       Surgery Room Technology

                                    (d).      Dental Assistant Specialties

                                    (e).       Dental Technician Specialties

                                    (f).       Dental Technician (I)

                                    (g).      Dental Therapist

4.         Absentees who are presently abroad can also obtain discharge without reporting to their respective Regiments conforming to the following criteria:

a.         Those seeking discharge should not have any pending disciplinary actions taken against them apart from that of being AWOL.

b.         Should not have travelled abroad by illegal means or should not have fraudulently prepared passports and other documents and have not travelled abroad.

c.         This Amnesty does not apply to those who had gone AWOL and failed to return to the country after attending foreign courses funded by the government or courses offered to Tri-Forces by foreign institutes and those who had proceeded on diplomatic missions or any other requirements.

5.         Further, Other Rank personnel who are currently abroad seeking discharge can do so through a representative with a Power of Attorney attested at the Embassy of Sri Lanka established in the concerned foreign state or attested before a qualified Attorney at Law/Notary Public or equivalent professional of the concerned state (Duly registered in the Registrar General’s Department of Sri Lanka) certified by the Embassy of Sri Lanka established in the respective foreign country or certified before a qualified Attorney at Law/Notary Public or similar professional in the respective country to obtain discharge from service during this General Amnesty period.

Come to Mannar this weekend to make Japanese dreams come true under SSW visa

April 20th, 2024

Manusha Media

Sakura blossoming Japan has become the dream state of many Sri Lankans. Accordingly, the SSW (Specified Skilled Worker) Visa project that provides an opportunity to earn a high salary in Japan. It’s given you a great opportunity to fulfill your Japanese dreams, and for that you have to come to the ”Jayagamu Sri Lanka” program which will be held on April 20 and 21 at the Mannar Municipal Council Stadium.

The opportunity to realize the Japanese dream has been created through several leagle methods, where Sri Lankans have been given the opportunity to access job opportunities in Japan under a special visa catogary, now you also can  apply for jobs in Japan through the SSW (Specified Skilled Worker) Visa project.

A joint test conducted between Sri Lanka and Japan will confirm skills and Japanese language proficiency. Those who pass the test have the opportunity to work in Japan for a period of five (5) years. Under the SSW program, Japan has announced 14 employment areas, out of which Sri Lanka has been approved for 6 areas.

Nursing Caregiving

Food service industry

Agriculture

Construction Division

Building Cleaning

Aviation Field

Among these, skill tests for nursing, food service industry, agriculture, and aviation are currently being conducted in Sri Lanka. And interviews are conducted by the public sector and sent to Japan for these sectors.

The basic qualifications that are mainly required for you to apply for a job in Japan are:

Being a Sri Lankan citizen between 18 and 45 years of age.

Proficiency in Japanese language. To confirm the Japanese language proficiency, the Japanese government must have passed the JFT (Japanese Foundation Test) or JLPTN 4 (Japanese Language Proficiency Test) Japanese language proficiency level.

Apart from this, one should have passed the skill test conducted related to the chosen field of work. There are two skill tests to be passed for nursing. Skill Evaluation Test for Technical Knowledge of Nursing. The Skill Evaluation Test can appear in English or Japanese. In addition, the Japanese language evaluation test for nursing technology should also be taken. In addition to the above basic tests, the following qualifications should also be met.

Being in good health.

Absence of body tattoo

If you meet the above qualifications, you can apply for career opportunities in Japan and the Sri Lanka Foreign Employment Bureau is providing the necessary advice and guidance for that.

If you want to get a job opportunity in Japan under the SSW project and make your Japanese dream come true, come to the Jayagamu Sri Lanka Work Camp on April 20 and 21 at Mannar Municipal Stadium.

1.පල්ලේකැලේ හමුදා කඳවුරේ අවි ජවිපෙ පැහැරගත් හැටි -එය ‘දේශප්‍රේමීන්ගේ’ ප්‍රථම හමුදා කඳවුරු ප්‍රහාරයයි

April 20th, 2024

Voice of Dharman

0 දශකයේ(1980 සිට 1990 දක්වා) ධවල භීෂණයේ අඳුර විනිවිදි සත්‍ය සිදුවීමක තිත්ත ඇත්ත කියන youtube චැනල් එක @ භීෂණය සියැසින් දුටු සහ වාර්තාකළ ගවේෂණාත්මක මාධ්‍යවේදී ධර්මන් වික්‍රමරත්න කියයි. ලාංකීය දේශපාලන ඉතිහාසයේ ගමන්මග වෙනස්කල සන්ධිස්ථානයක් ලෙස 1986 සිට 1990 දක්වා පැවති ජවිපෙ 2වැනි කැරැල්ල හැඳින්විය හැකිය. එම කාලය තුළ ඝාතනයට ලක්වූ සහ අතුරුදන් වූ සංඛ්‍යාව 41,813 වේ. එහෙත් මානව හිමිකම් සංවිධාන වාර්තාවන්ට අනුව 2වැනි කැරළි සමයේදී ඝාතනයට සහ අතුරුදන් වීමට ලක්වූ සංඛ්‍යාව 67,652කි. මින් 6,661 කැරළිකරුවන් අතින් ඝාතනයට ලක්වූ අතර ප්‍රා සංවිධානය මගින් ඝාතනය කරන ලද සංඛ්‍යාව 1,222කි. සෙසු සියළු දෙනා ඝාතනයට පත්වූයේ ආරක්ෂක අංශ ඇතුළු එයට සෘජු සහ වක්‍ර සම්බන්ධකම් පැවතුනැයි කියන අතුරු හමුදා කණ්ඩායම් වූ කලු බළල්ලු, ප්‍රා, උකුස්සා, රාජාලියෝ, කහ බළල්ලු, කොළ කොටි, රතු මකරු, මාපිලා, ගෝනුස්සා, නී, කේසර සිංහයෝ, ලේ මාපිල්ලු, කළු කොටි වැනි සංවිධානයන් ගෙනි. මෙම සටහන් කියනු ලබන ‍ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ මාධ්‍යවේදී ධර්මන් වික්‍රමරත්න එම ඇතැම් සිද්ධි සියැසින් දුටු සහ බොහෝ කතා වාර්තාකළ, ඉන් නැගුණු සිද්ධීන් ගවේෂණය කළ දිවයින පුවත්පතේ එවකට සිටි කතෘ මාණ්ඩලිකයෙකි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ දේශපාලන නායකයින්, කැරලි නායකයින්, ශිෂ්‍ය ව්‍යාපාරයේ නායකයින් සහ ක්‍රියාකාරිකයින් දහසකට ආසන්න සංඛ්‍යාවක් වෘත්තීය වශයෙන් ඇසුරු කළ ධර්මන් වික්‍රමරත්න අදාළ පාර්ශ්වයන් සමඟකළ සම්මුඛ සාකච්ඡා, ගවේෂණ, පර්යේෂණ සහ සමීක්ෂණ මගින් සොයාගත් දත්ත වලින්ද මෙම කතා පොහොසත්ය. වසර 1980 සිට 1990 දක්වා 80 දශකයේ ධවල භීෂණයේ ඇතුලාන්තය පිළිබඳව මෙතෙක් බොහෝ දෙනා ඇසූ සහ කියවූ උපකල්පන, විකෘති කිරීම්, වැරදි වැටහීම් සහ වැරදි මත වෙනුවට සත්‍ය ඉතිහාසය මෙම Voice of Dharman youtube චැනලය මගින් විවරකර තිබේ.

John Mearsheimer: “Things are going to get worse in Ukraine, Middle-East and South-East Asia.”

April 20th, 2024

Reinvent Money

Paul Buitink talks to John Mearsheimer, a renowned American political scientist and international relations scholar who belongs to the realist school of thought. He is a Professor at the University of Chicago. John gives an overview of what offensive realism is. Furthermore he discusses the European Union’s foreign policy and how dependent it is on that of the US. He explains Russia’s strategy and how Ukraine is going to lose with severe negative consequences for Europe and NATO. He also gives his view on the tensions between US and China and how the situation in the Middle East could spiral out of control. At the end John discusses the strength of the dollar and how in general things will get worse across the world before they get any better.

ගෝලිය ඒකාබද්ධ ජාතික සංවිධාන මඟින් කරනු ලබන ආයාචනයයි

April 20th, 2024

ගෝලිය ඒකාබද්ධ ජාතික සංවිධාන

ශ්‍රී ලකාවේ යෝජිත අධ්‍යාපන ප්‍රතිපත්තිය තුළ මවු භාෂා
භාවිතයේ වැදගත්කම පිළිබඳව සැලකිිමත් වී නැති බැවින් අපගේ
අනාගත පරපුරේ දැනුම් උකහාගැනීමේ හැකියාව සහ
ආත්මාභිමානය ප්‍රවර්ධනය පිළිබඳව සිදුවිය හැකි අඩාල වීම සහ,
එ් ඔස්සේ සිංහල භාෂාව මළ භාෂාවක් බවට තල්ලු වී යාමේ
ඇති දැඩි අවදානම

ශ්‍රී ලංකා ආණ්ඩුව විසින් සැප්තැම්බර් 23 දාතමින් ඉදිරිපත් කරනු
ලැබ ඇති ජාතික අධ්‍යාපන ප්‍රතිපත්ති රාමුව හා ඒ සඳහා වූ ධවල
පත්‍රිකාව තුළ පාසල් අධ්‍යාපන මාධ්‍යය ඉංගිරිසියට හැරවීම සඳහා
යෝජනා කරනු ලැබ ඇති අතර මාතෘ භාෂාවන්ගෙන් අධ්‍යාපනය
ලැබීමේ වැදගත්කම අමතක කර ඇති බව පෙනී යයි. මේ අතර,
විපක්ෂ නායක සංජිත් ප්‍රේමදාස මහතා ද ප්‍රසිද්ධියේ ප්‍රකාශ කර
ඇත්තේ අධ්‍යාපනයේ මුල් වසරවලදී පටන් ඉංගිරිසි මාධ්‍යයෙන්
සියලු පාසල්වල අධ්‍යාපනය ලබා දීමට තම රජයක් තුළ පියවර
ගන්නා බවයි. ශ්‍රී ලාංකික ජනතාව අතර බහුතරයක මවුබස වන
සිංහල භාෂාව අධ්‍යාපන මාධ්‍යයෙන් ඉවත් කිරීම පිණිස දැරෙන බව
පෙනෙන මෙම ප්‍රයත්නය පිළිබඳව සහ එවැනි පිළිවෙතකින් ජනනය
විය හැකි බව පෙනෙන ජාතිකමය අවදානම් පිළිබඳව පහත අත්සන්
කරන අප සංවිධානයන් හි සුවිශේෂී අවධානය යොමු වී ඇත.
එක්සත් ජාතීන් ගේ සංවිධානය සහ යුනෙස්කෝ පවා පිළිගෙන ඇති
අධ්‍යාපන මූලධර්මයක් වන්නේ මූලික වසර වලදී පටන් මවු
භාෂාවෙන් දරුවන්ට පාසල් අධ්‍යාපනය ලබා දිය යුතු බවයි. ඒ
මූලධර්මය පහත දැක්වෙන ප්‍රකාශයෙන් මනාව පිළිබිඹු වෙයි :
ගුණාත්මක අධ්‍යාපනයක් සහ සමාජ අන්තර්ග්‍රහණය තහවුරු කිරීම සඳහා මවු
භාෂාවෙන් අධ්‍යාපනය ලබා දීම ඉතා තීරණාත්මක සාධකයක් බව පර්යේෂණ
ප්‍රතිඵල වලින් පෙන්නුම් කෙරෙයි. තව ද, මාතෘ භාෂාවෙන් අධ්‍යාපනය ලැබීමෙන්
ඉගෙනුම් ප්‍රතිඵල මෙන් ම අධ්‍යයන කාර්යසාධනය ද ඉහළ නැංවෙන බව ද ඒ
පර්යේෂණවලින් නිරීක්ෂණය වෙයි. ප්‍රාථමික පාසල්වල මේ සාධකය වඩාත් වැදගත්
වන්නේ දැනුම් හිදැස් වළැක්වීම පිණිස සහ දැනුම ලබා ගැනීමේ මෙන්ම වටහාගැනීමේ
වේගය ඉහළ නැංවීම උදෙසා වැදගත් පිටිවහලක් මාතෘ භාෂාවෙන් අධ්‍යාපනය ලබා
දීමෙන් ලැබෙන බැවිනි. මේ සියල්ලටමත් වඩා සුවිශේෂී මෙහෙවර වන්නේ සමාජයේ
පූර්ණ වශයෙන් ක්‍රියාකාරී වීමට අවශ්‍ය බලගැන්වීම මවු භාෂාවෙන් ලැබ ගන්නා
අධ්‍යාපනය ඔස්සේ සියලු සිසුනට ලැබීමයි. ඒ තුළින් අන්‍යෝන්‍ය අවබෝධය සහ

එකිනෙකාට ගරු කිරීම ප්‍රවර්ධනය කෙරෙයි. තව ද, ලෝකයේ ඇති සෑම භාෂාවක් තුළම
කා වැද්දී ඇති සංස්කෘතික හා පෞරාණික උරඅමයන් හි වත්කම් සංරක්ෂණයට ද ඒ තුළින්
මඟ පෑදෙයි. එ සේ වුව ද, වඩ වඩාත් අවදානම්කාරී වේගයෙන් භාෂාවන් අතුරුදහන්වීමේ
ප්‍රවණතාව නිසා මේ වන විට භාෂා බහුත්වය අභියෝගයට ලත් වී ඇත. යම් භාෂාවක්
අතුරුදහන් වන්නේ නම් එසේ වන්නේ සමස්ත සංස්කෘතික හා බුද්ධිමය උරුම පද්ධතියක් ඒ
සමඟම අභාවයට යවමිනි.”
අපගේ දුවා දරුවන්ට ඉංගිරිසි භාෂාව හැසිරවීමේ ප්‍රවීණත්වයක්
ලබා දිය යුතු බවට විවාදයක් නැත. ඊට අමතරව, දෙමළ දරුවන්ට
සිංහල හා සිංහල දරුවන්ට දෙමළ වැහැරීමේ හැකියාව ද, වෙනත්
විදේශ භාෂා ඉගෙනගැනීමේ අවස්ථා ද ලබා දීම වැදගත් ය.
විශේෂයෙන් ඉංගිරිසි භාෂා ප්‍රවීණත්වය සැලකීමේ දී, පාසලේ අවම
වශයෙන් වසර නවයක් හෝ දහයක් පුරාවට අනිවාර්ය විෂයක්
ලෙස ඉංගිරිසි ඉගැන්වුව ද ඒ භාෂාවේ ප්‍රවීණත්වය දරුවන්ට ලබා
දීමට අපේ පාසල් අධ්‍යාපන පද්ධතිය සමත් වී නැති නම් ඒ කවර
දුර්වලතා නිසා දැයි සොයා බලා ඒවාට පිළියම් යෙදීම
අධ්‍යාපනඥයන් ගේ හා ප්‍රතිපත්ති තීරකයන් ගේ වගකීමකි. එසේ
නොකර, ඉංගිරිසි භාෂා ව්‍යවහාර හැකියාව දියුණු කිරීමට සිතා
විෂය ඉගැන්වීම ඉංගිරිසි මාධ්‍යයට හැරවීමට කැස කවන්නේ නම්
එය රෝග මූලය ඇති තැනට නොව වෙනත් තැනකට ශල්‍ය
කර්මයක් කිරීමට තැත් කිරීම වැනි නිෂ්ඵල මෙන් ම විනාශකාරී
ප්‍රතිවිපාක දිය හැකි ක්‍රියාවකි.
අපි දැන් අපගේ මාතෘ භාෂාව වන සිංහල පිළිබඳව සලකා බලමු.
සිංහලය එහි නූතනයේ පවත්නා ඉහළ මට්ටමට අනුවර්තනය
වූයේ සියවස් තුනකටත් අධික කාලයක් තිස්සේ අප ගේ රට හා
ජාතිය මුහුණ පෑ විවිධ සංස්කෘතික බලපෑම් නිසි ලෙස
අන්තර්ග්‍රහණය කරමිනි. එය ඉතා ඉහළ මට්ටමේ අදහස්
පැහැදිලිකිරීමේ හැකියාවක් සඳහා අවශ්‍ය වූ පොහොසත් හා
නම්‍යශීලී ගතිලක්ෂණ සහ සාරවත් ව්‍යාකරණයක් සහිත ව්‍යක්ත
භාෂාවකි. තව ද, සංකීර්ණ වචන තාර්කිකව උච්චාරණය කිරීමට
ඉවහල් වන්නා වූ ඉතා අලංකාර අක්ෂර මාලාවක් සහිත භාෂාවන්
අතරින් එකකි.
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ශිෂ්ටාචාරයේ පදනමට ඇති ඍජු සම්බන්ධය ලෙස
පවතින්නේ දිවයිනේ බහුතර ජනතාවක ගේ මවුබස වන සිංහල
භාෂාව වීම විශේෂ අවධානයට ලක් විය යුතු කරුණකි. එ සේ වූ
සිංහල භාෂා භාවිතය අධ්‍යාපන මාධ්‍යයෙන් ඉවත් කිරීමට කෙරෙන

යෝජනාව මවු බසට සමාජයේ ඇති වැදගත් ස්ථානය විනාශ
කරමින් අපේ අනාගත පරපුර ජාතියේ සංස්කෘතිය, කලාවන්,
සාහිත්‍යය, හා බුද්ධ ධර්මය ඉගෙනීමෙන් බැහැර කිරීමට පමණක්
නොව අප ශිෂ්ටාචාරයේ මුදුන් මුල් උදුරා දැමීමට හිතාමතා දරනු
ලබන ප්‍රයත්නයක් බව අපගේ නිරීක්ෂණයයි.
අප විසින් මතු කරන ලද මෙම අවදානම්කාරී ප්‍රවණතාව කෙරෙහි
සුවිශේෂී සහ කඩිනම් අවධානය යොමු කර සිංහල භාෂාව ප්‍රාථමික
අධ්‍යාපනයේ පටන් තෘතීයික මට්ටමේ අධ්‍යාපනය තෙක් සියලු
කටයුතුවල ඉගැන්වීම් කටයුතුවල භාෂා මාධ්‍යය ලෙස තව දුරටත්
පවත්වාගෙන යාම තහවුරු කිරීමට අවශ්‍ය පියවර ගන්නා ලෙස
සිංහල කථාකරන සංවිධාන අතරින් කිහිපයක් වන අපි ගරුතර
මහා සංඝරත්නයෙන්, ජනාධිපතිවරයා, අගමැතිවරයා,
අමාත්‍යමණ්ඩලය, විපක්ෂ නායකවරයා, පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රීන් සහ
සියලු දේශපාලන හා සමාජ සංවිධානවලින් ඉතා අවධාරණයෙන්
ඉල්ලා සිටිමු.
අත්සන් කළේ –
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සාමය, ඒකීයත්වය හා මානව හිමිකම් සඳහා වූ
සංගමය – වික්ටෝරියා
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සාමය, ඒකීයත්වය හා මානව හිමිකම් සඳහා වූ
සංගමය – නිව් සවුත් වේල්ස්
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සාමය, ඒකීයත්වය හා මානව හිමිකම් සඳහා වූ
සංගමය – ක්වීන්ස්ලන්ඩ්
ඔස්ට්‍රේලියාවේ සිංහල සංස්කෘතික සංගමය
සීහලේ ලෝක උරුම පදනම – ලන්ඩන්
තවලම සංවර්ධන පදනම – කොළඹ
අරණ විහාර පදනම – කොළඹ

Bondholders fear regime change impact

April 20th, 2024

By KELUM BANDARA Courtesy The Daily Mirror

Colombo, April 20 (Daily Mirror) – The representatives of bondholders who hold around 50 per cent of Sri Lanka’s outstanding international sovereign bonds (ISB), during closed-door interactions with the representatives of Sri Lankan political parties, have expressed fear whether any debt restructuring agreement will be honoured in case of a regime change at the elections pending this year, Daily Mirror learns.

The bondholders held talks with various political leaders including from the opposition parties such as the Samagi Jana Balawegaya (SJB), the National People’s Power (NPP) and the United Republican Front (URF) led by MP Patali Champika Ranawaka during the New Year holiday period.

During talks with the NPP, the party has assured that the programme with the IMF (International Monetary Fund) will not be derailed.  Currently, the Sri Lankan government has concluded the initial restricted discussions with nine members of the Steering Committee of the Ad Hoc Group of Bondholders over a span of three weeks. Sri Lanka was joined by its legal and financial advisors Clif­ford Chance and Lazard, respectively, while the restricted members of the Steering Committee were joined by the

Group’s legal and financial advisors, White & Case and Rothschild & Co., respectively.

The Steering Committee as a whole comprises ten of the largest members of the Group, with the Group controlling approximately 50% of the aggregate outstanding amount of ISBS.

Earlier, the Finance Ministry said in a statement that the parties failed to come to an agreement on restructuring terms, despite the constructive discussions.

During this period, Sri Lanka, the Steering Committee and its advisors met during a two-day working session in London on 27 and 28 March to discuss the Group’s latest debt treatment proposal. Prior to the meetings, March 15 Sri Lanka had also sent its own debt treatment proposal to the Group’s advisors which was rejected by the Steering Committee.

Also, Sri Lanka rejected last week international bondholders’ proposal to restructure more than $12 billion in debt, putting at risk critical International Monetary Fund support and delaying its efforts to resolve a two-year-long debt crisis.

Discussions with bondholders have failed again for the second time.

April 20th, 2024

Dilrook Kannangara

Will this be the end of the IMF program?

Before this SL had 16 IMF programs – all failed half way through the program!

Bond holders own 50% of foreign loans and these are the loans with highest interest rates and administration fees. A debt restructure without them is like a wedding without the groom.

Bond holders demanded more money on top of existing massive interest rates! They now want the interest rate linked to SL’s GDP growth! When the SL grows, the interest rate should also grow! But if the SL economy slows, they don’t want their interest rates to fall. This is Shylock+++++.

As I said many times since 2020, SL cannot repay bond loans. No chance. Just default them. They are loan sharks. No one knows what happened to that money. Ask them to get it from Basil, Mahinda, Ranil, Gota, etc.

Bad news – SL can’t borrow from them again. Excellent. SL survived without them until 2007. 

Nothing else will happen because all bilateral loans and foreign bank loans will be paid. SL already have agreements with them.

Hope all future discussions with bond holders will FAIL!

From Haiti in 1970s-80s as IMF ruled to SL today.

April 20th, 2024

Politics

In Haiti, after the state borrowed money in the 1970s and 1980s to feed corruption and sustain autocracy, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) pushed subsequent democratic governments to privilege the free market, while opening ever more quickly to the global economy. Sensing opportunity, non-governmental organizations streamed into Haiti to provide food, housing, and health care, everything a cash-strapped government couldn’t do. The succession of catastrophes — coups, an earthquake, cholera, hurricanes — only strengthened the humanitarian sector but at the expense of effective government. In this century, the situation had become so dire that all too many parents were giving their children up to orphanages run by foreign charities. In other words, the road to Haiti’s hell was, in part, paved by good intentions.

Haiti Today, America Tomorrow? When Democracies Die, Mobs Take Over

April 20th, 2024

By John Feffer Courtesy Tomdispatch.com

Haiti has descended into chaos. It’s had no president or parliament — and no elections either –for eight long years. Its unelected prime minister Ariel Henry resigned recently when gang violence at the airport in Port-au-Prince made it impossible for him to return to the country after a trip to Guyana.

Haiti is the poorest country in the region, its riches leached out by colonial overlords, American occupying forces, corporate predators, and home-grown autocrats. As if that weren’t enough, it’s also suffered an almost Biblical succession of plagues in recent years. A coup deposed its first democratically elected leader, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, not once but twice — in 1991 and again in 2004. An earthquake in 2010 killed hundreds of thousands, leaving 1.5 million Haitians homeless, out of a population of less than 10 million. In the wake of that earthquake, nearly a million people contracted cholera, the worst outbreak in history, courtesy of a contingent of U.N. peacekeepers. To round out the catastrophes, in 2016, Hurricane Matthew made landfall, pushing Haiti back even further.

And now the country has been overrun by gangs that emerged as practically the only groups capable of providing services, however meager, to Haiti’s long-suffering population. People have become the country’s largest export. Anyone who has money, connections, or sufficient courage has fled, even if those who somehow made it to the United States were all too often deported back into the maelstrom. Haiti doesn’t have the three things that might prevent the sort of vacuum into which gangs so eagerly rush: robust democratic governance, a strong civil society, and a sufficiently uncorrupt constabulary. As a result, it’s returned to what political theorist Thomas Hobbes once called a war of all against all” in which violence and the urge for power prevail, as fist takes precedence over gavel — the perfect environment for gangs to flourish.

Political scientists often label places like Haiti failed states.” With the breakdown of order, everything from political institutions to border controls disintegrates. In a comparable fashion, clans contested for power in Somalia in the 1990s and paramilitaries battled each other in the Democratic Republic of Congo during its repeated wars, while rebels and jihadis targeted the Syrian government beginning in 2011. In the end, such diverse groups seem to boil down to one thing: guys with guns.

In Haiti, the gangocracy is organized along the classic lines of criminal enterprises like the gangs that ruled New York City in the mid-nineteenth century (immortalized in the film The Gangs of New York) or the Chinese tongs that warred over San Franciscan turf in the years after the Civil War (featured in the current Netflix series Warrior). The two major Haitian gangs in the capital city Port-au-Prince, GPep and the G9 Family, have similarly hierarchical structures, roots in particular neighborhoods, and flamboyant leaders like the former police officer and current G9 head Jimmy Barbecue” Chérizier.

But gangs aren’t simply criminal syndicates. The Haitian gangs have close connections to political parties and align themselves with business interests (or run businesses of their own). Sometimes such gangs even begin as anti-gangs, neighborhood self-defense groups meant to help locals survive in an era of lawlessness.

Their mischaracterization resembles the overly narrow understanding of terrorists.” Hamas, for instance, is on the U.S. terrorism list, but it’s not just a bunch of guys with guns and a predilection for violence. It’s also been a political party, a government, and a service organization that provided food, health care, and other necessities to underserved communities in Gaza.

Don’t make the mistake of associating gangs like Haiti’s with a primitive” stage of political development or only with countries on the geopolitical margins. What’s happening there today could prefigure the future of the United States, too. In place of the Biblical succession of plagues that swept through Haiti, the U.S. might only need the tinder of climate change and the flint of Donald Trump to go up in similar flames.

Gangs R U.S.

Today, Americans associate gangs” with the Crips and Bloods, who developed a murderous rivalry in the Los Angeles area in the 1970s or, more recently, Mara Salvatrucha, better known as MS-13, a gang of young Salvadoran transplants to Los Angeles initially focused on protecting its members from other gangs.

But shouldn’t we be more catholic in our definitions? After all, what are right-wing paramilitary forces, from the Three Percenters to the Proud Boys, if not gangs? They have their rituals, worldviews, indifference to the rule of law, even their own Barbecues.” The gangs associated with far-right ideology and white supremacy today could claim a lineage stretching back to the European settlers of this continent who routinely engaged in the extrajudicial murder of indigenous peoples while expanding westward, or the vigilante mobs that administered rough justice” to disobedient” slaves before the Civil War, or even the Ku Klux Klan. As for real-world impact, the Crips or MS-13 never had the audacity to force their way into the U.S. Capitol and trash the place, as Donald Trump’s informal gang did on January 6, 2021.

But why stop there? The Pinkerton detective agency once functioned like a gang in its attacks on the labor movement. The Central Intelligence Agency developed distinctly gang-like behavior overseas with its assassinations, coups, and outright criminal activities. And what about all the deaths associated with corporate gangs like Philip Morris and ExxonMobil? These institutions of normal” society have had a much higher kill count and a more debilitating effect on the rule of law than the institutions of organized crime.

The similarities between Greece’s failed SYRIZA & Sri Lanka’s JVP-NPP

April 18th, 2024

Shenali D Waduge

Like Sri Lanka, Greece too declared default on €1.6 billion debt to IMF. It was the same year US-India sponsored regime change took place in Sri Lanka. Greece’s default came exactly 15 years after joining the Eurozone. Both Greece & Sri Lanka had one thing in common – both guilty of systematic tax evasion which was a key component in their default.

In 2015 the Greeks voted to reject debt restructuring. The Greeks were told its best to be bankrupt & start again with help of IMF of course, is this some sort of new template being forced upon nations? Was Sri Lanka the next victim in 2022? They called it hair cut” and eventually who ends up getting this hair cut” let’s just say it’s certainly not the rich. They have the audacity to even say it’s the only way out”! The welfare states are the targets. Obviously, the aim is to use bankruptcy” and erase welfare. Its happening in Argentina, Spain, Venezuela, Portugal. Their governments hold partial fault too. Failure to tax the rich and giving mostly the rich incentives and concessions is one of the key reasons, though not discussed as much. The scenario is no different in Sri Lanka.

The self-claimed saviors IMF & World Bank have been on the game for decades but exactly what country have they advised to economic stability without bringing down the quality of life of the middle class & ordinary? This question is never properly answered. What good is a bailout or debt restructuring if it is going to leave people in worse conditions. The Greeks found out they were saddled with even more long term debt that their generation couldn’t pay back. Greek debt is some $350billion. Their population is half of Sri Lanka. Even a miracle is a miracle. Greece was overtaxed – Sri Lankans are going through same. Greece’s companies couldn’t cope up with the taxes and began closing down – same is happening to Sri Lanka. But segments of both governments & IMF as well as their international ‘friend’ network thinks everything is honky dory and they use their ‘friend’ channels to manipulate the media into telling people everything is honky dory. However, both Greece & Sri Lanka’s pensioners found out their pensions were one of the first targets. How come there is little or no recovery of the defaults by the rich given that they have been privy to incentives and tax concessions of the state.

To be in the Eurozone, Greece had to apply structural adjustments to comply with the 1992 Maastrich Treaty which meant Greece required to limit government deficits to 3% of GDP & public debt to 60% of GDP. Both Sri Lanka & Greece suffer lack of revenue – much of this is due to systematic tax evasion, under reporting income & over reporting debt payments. This was a social problem that Greece & Sri Lanka suffered. Loans end up covering the ground realities, as governments get into the habit of taking loans delaying addressing the core problem and with each government the situation worsened for both nations.

Notice the role of the US in both nations. In 2010, US rating agencies gave Greece its lowest grade precipitating bailout that came with conditions by pro-US IMF. Sri Lanka is going through exactly what Greece experienced. The conditions on Greek budget reforms created a vicious cycle of recession increasing unemployment, closure of SMEs, increased social problems, impact on health of citizens including large numbers of suicides. Exactly what Sri Lanka is now experiencing.

The social, economic & political conditions in both Greece & Sri Lanka are unusually similar. While Greece too has 2 prominent political parties that tussle power between themselves, Sri Lanka also does the same even after jump overs. Amidst this both nations experienced a rock star” image where an abnormal boost of publicity was given to Greece’s Alexis Tsipras of SYRIZA (a coalition of the radical left). The same boost is being given to JVP-NPPs Anura Kumara Dissanayake who is suddenly going on world tours to western states & India (pretending to be from radical left)

Tsipras’s coalition in 2009 received only 4.6% of the vote, while in 2010 JVP supported DNA received 5.49% of the vote. In 2012, SYRIZA party received 26.9% of the vote while JVP (which played a key role in the US-India regime change) received just 4.87% though the number of voters had risen to 543,944.SYRIZA emerged in 1968 after restructuring the Greek communist movement. JVP was created in 1965.

The most important aspect of the remainder of this article is to understand where the Greeks went wrong & why and prevent Sri Lankans from doing the exact same mistake. In their anger against the two main political parties (PASOK & New Democracy) in Greece, where people held the two parties responsible for Greece’s bankrupt status, they sought revenge by voting for a radical left who eventually turned out to be worse than the centre right neoliberal parties. The economic crisis was the reason for the rise of SYRIZA and the JVP. Another common factor between SYRIZA and JVP-NPP is their attempt to hide their left” identity – the world tours by JVP-NPP leader to Canada, Australia, US and UK proves this from Sri Lanka’s perspective too. Ultimately SYRIZA did not deliver to the left or the right – JVP & NPP will do the exact same if voted to power.

When SYRIZA came to power the first victims were the very people who supported SYRIZA to power. It is going to be no different in the case of JVP-NPP as well.

Within days of coming to power SYRIZA targeted the working class, the retirees, increased health charges, cut social benefits to schools and worst of all unleashed the police against all those who protested. These are tell-tale signs of what to expect from the JVP-NPP too.

What Sri Lanka and Greece have common is that debt in both nations are a product of over 30 years of budget deficits, poor management, lack of political will and vision. Another common factor was the opinion of the citizens in both Greece & Sri Lanka that their 2 main political parties had failed. In wanting to seek revenge against the 2 political parties at the election, the Greek people voted for SYRIZA nevertheless the Greeks found out too late that the party they voted to power was not politically savvy, had no strategy or alliances in Greece or even internationally. Adding to the situation was that the party was filled with internal conflicts and rifts with different opinions merging causing more problems than they could fathom. In such a scenario, to hold on to power, the common trait is to agree to any painful compromises and for a party that remained 30% radicalized this created more rifts within. With disagreements surfacing, it should be clearer how the situation would mirror in Sri Lanka. JVP is identical to SYRIZA both in its ways and radicalism and the common trait is that they lack a vision and governmental culture. The citizens realized too late. SYRIZA was given 31% in 2019 which reduced to 20% in 2023 – results that showed SYRIZA had disappointed Greece & Greeks in just 4 years in power.

If Europe’s and America’s social democracy is falling apart as can be seen happening presently, it is high time Asia, Africa and the other continents wake up to ground realities instead of tagging to the failed tail & taking their nations along the same path. Nation’s need to discover their own national economic development model, not cut & paste from others.

ඉඟුරු දී මිරිස් ගත්තාවාගේ – has been our historical blunder

Shenali D Waduge

BUDDHIST VIHARAS AND EELAM Part 17A.

April 18th, 2024

KAMALIKA PIERIS

Buddhists in Sri Lanka should be made aware of the stature of Buddhism in the Asian region when discussing the Kurundi issue. Buddhism enjoys a unique place in Asian history as the single shared experience among half the world’s population. No other movement has equaled the degree to which Buddhism has affected nearly every corner of Asia, said Robert E Fisher. Buddhism influenced the cultures of all these countries.

Buddhism did not convert by force or through inducements, only thorough conviction. Buddhists are very proud of this fact. Buddhism   was a very accommodating religion, able to fit into any cultural and social framework, observed analysts. It did not ask its followers to renounce earlier beliefs. That was one reason for its success. Buddhism readily accommodated existing beliefs, such as the Nats in Burma, spirit worship in Thailand, Shinto practices in Japan.

Buddhism was a scholarly religion and has several contemporary   firsts” .The world’s oldest document available today is the Diamond Sutra manuscript (Mahayana) written in Chinese, dated   11 May 868. It is in the British Library.  The small Buddhist scroll of the Dharani sutra dated to 751 A.D, discovered at the Pulguk-sa Temple in South Korea, is the oldest surviving woodblock print. 

The buildings associated with Buddhism are far more diverse in form and style than those found in other religious architectures, said architect Vikram Lall. The stupa with all its variations is the most identifiable and most important architectural monument of the Buddhist world. Stupas of diverse forms were constructed in Asia. There is also the Buddha statue. The colossal images of Buddha in Afghanistan and China are very impressive.

Buddhism started in North India, in the Ganges region where Gautama Buddha lived. It then  spread    across India,  down to  Sri Lanka and  also east wards, to  all the countries of South-east and  East  Asia.

The  Buddhist region  eventually included (given here in alphabetical order)   Afghanistan,  Bangladesh, Bhutan ,Cambodia, China, India,  Indonesia, Japan , Korea,  Laos,  Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan,  Thailand , Tibet and  Vietnam.

Buddhism was also practiced in the Russian regions that were adjacent to Mongolia, such as BuryatiaZabaykalsky, KraiTuva and Kalmykia. In August 2023 researchers found a 1,200-year-old Buddhist stupa and two Buddha statues in good condition in Malaysia’s Bujang Valley, in northwest Kedah. Kedah adjoins Thailand. Bujang Valley was the site of an ancient civilization which had stretched across the northwestern coast of the Malay Peninsula into Thailand.

Buddhism would have spread very quickly in India. Researchers now   say that Buddhism en­tered Andhra Pradesh   during the life time of the Buddha. This was obvious and one wonders why it took so long for researchers to realize this.  Buddhist ruins can be seen in the littoral states of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Kerala and Maharashtra.

Buddhism was supported by several Indian kings. The best known are Dharmasoka (304-232 BC) of the Mauryan Empire and Kanishka (127-150 AD) of the Kushan Empire. They were great supporters of Buddhism and helped to spread Buddhism in Asia.

Buddhism lost influence in India around the 7th century CE. The last state to support Buddhism was the Pala Empire in Bengal. By the end of the 12th century, Buddhism had disappeared from India. It was first overtaken by Hinduism. The Bhakthi religion of Tamilnadu wiped out Buddhism from Tamilnadu in 7th century .Any remaining Buddhism in India was eliminated by the Muslim rulers who   ruled India from 12th to 18 century.

Buddhism would have reached    East Asia both by road and sea via trading routes.  Buddhism was the merchant’s religion and it came in the wake of trade, said analysts. Buddhism in Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, China and Japan are well known.  In China Buddhism first arrived during the Han dynasty   and grew in importance till the 8th century. There is a colossal Buddha statue in Leshan, 233 ft high and 92 feet across the shoulders, the largest in China. In Japan the wooden architecture was stimulated by Buddhism.  This led to   a subtropical building style which was never modified to reflect Japan’s much colder climate.

Buddhism in Indonesia and Vietnam are not so well known. Indonesia was   home to both Hinduism and Buddhism, till Islam got rid of both. Indonesia mainly followed Mahayana and Vajrayana schools of Buddhism.  Sri Vijaya kingdom, with its capital at Sumatra, was Buddhist. Sailendra dynasty (760-850) was considered the golden age of Buddhism in Indonesia. Sailendra built Borobudur and Candi Mendut. Candi Mendut has three very large, well preserved Buddhist stone statues of high standard. Buddhist monuments were also found in the Batujaya Buddhist complex in Java as well as Kedu plains and Prambanan valley (8-10 AD).

Vietnam followed Mahayana Buddhism, with a dash of Tantra. There was Buddhism in Luy Lalu, the ancient capital close to Hanoi. Also in Dong Dong monastery in 875 AD. Hundreds of Sutra pillars   were built in Hao Lu. Buddhism was the official religion in Vietnam in late 10 century. The Ngo (939-965) and   Dinh (968-979) dynasties were Buddhist,  and hundreds of temples were built in this time.

The 11-13 centuries were the golden age of Buddhism in Vietnam. Practically every king In the Ly dynasty constructed Buddhist temples. After the 15 century, Confucianism took over, but Buddhism remained popular in the villages. Buddhism was back in favor in Vietnam In 17-18th century. Buddhist monks were active in the 20 century. Some set fire to themselves in protest in the Vietnam War of 1955-1975.

Researchers in Sri Lanka have repeatedly pointed out that Buddhism arrived in Sri Lanka during the time of Buddha.  There was regular contact between north India and Sri Lanka at the time and it was impossible for Buddhism not to have come in through these visits. The idea that Buddhism took three hundred years to arrive in Sri Lanka is absurd. Mahinda’s visit in the 3rd century was to formalize Buddhism. It was part of the diplomatic exchange between Dharmasoka and Devanampiyatissa, which started with coronation robes.

Sri Lanka has played a significant role in the advancement of Buddhism in Asia. Sri Lanka preserved the Theravada doctrine. The Sinhala   Theravada commentaries and manuscripts were known.  Buddhaghosa came to translate the commentaries and Fa Hsien came to   pick up manuscripts. Abhayagiri monastery was a recognized centre for, not one, but three schools of Buddhism, Theravada, Mahayana and Tantra. Archaeological evidence from Tiriyaya-Kuchchivele-Anuradhapura triangle confirms the influence of Tantric Buddhism  said Bandu de Silva. Sri Lanka sent a bhikkuni to Tibet to advice on Tantra. Sinhala Buddhism influenced Buddhism in Andhra Pradesh and the influence could be seen at Amaravati and Nagarjunikonda.

 Sri Lanka helped entrench Buddhism in South East Asia. Sinhala Buddhism went first to Cambodia and from there to Thailand and Burma. Cambodia was the most advanced of the South East Asian states in the medieval period. Its kingdom included parts of modern day Laos and Thailand. Sri Lanka   had high level diplomatic relations with Cambodia. During the time of Parakrama bahu I, Mahavamsa speaks of a ship taking a Sinhala princess to Cambodia, clearly for marriage. Cambodia, in its turn, had the best preserved Mahavamsa, and when Sri Lanka wanted to provide a new edition of the Mahavamsa, they turned to the Cambodian Mahavamsa to fill the gaps.

Sri Lanka   influenced Buddhism in Thailand and Burma. This is well known. Sri Lanka established ‘Sihala Sangha’ in these countries, influenced Buddhist architecture and exported its legends and the Mahavamsa. Burma has the myth that Buddha had visited Burma, and Tappassu and Balluka met the Buddha in person and he gifted them a strand of his hair which are now in Shwedagon in Yangon.

Buddhism was introduced to Europe in the 19th century. Asia was under European rule at the time, and European officials administering Asia took Buddhism back home with them. France would have picked up Buddhism from Vietnam and Cambodia.  Britain and Germany learnt about Buddhism from Sri Lanka.

T.W. Rhys Davids (1843-1922) joined the Civil Service and was posted to Ceylon. In 1871 he was sent as Assistant Government Agent of Nuwarakalaviya, where Anuradhapura was the administrative centre. Rhys Davids became involved with the excavation of the city of Anuradhapura. He began to collect inscriptions and manuscripts, and wrote a series of articles for the Ceylon branch of the Royal Asiatic Society Journal about them. He   had studied Sanskrit when in UK, he now learned Pali and Sinhala. He returned to Britain  prematurely and was Professor of Pāli at the University of London from  1882 to 1904.

Rhys Davids founded the Pali Text Society in 1881 This Society undertook the task of translating the Pāli canon of Theravada Buddhism  into English. In 1924  Christmas Humphreys founded The Buddhist Society, London .

Paul Dahlke (1865- 1928) from Germany , encountered Buddhism when visited Sri Lanka( Ceylon)  in the course of a world tour  in 1898. Two years later he returned to Sri Lanka to learn more about Buddhism. He learned Pali and met Ven. Hikkaduwe SumangalaSuriyagoda SumangalaNyananissara and Wagiswara. He returned a Buddhist. In 1924 he established Das Buddhistische Haus” in Berlin, using elements of Sinhala Buddhist architecture.

Das Buddhistische Haus was  purchased by Asoka Weeraratna in 1957 ,on behalf of the Trustees of the German Dharmaduta Society and converted into a Buddhist Vihara by stationing Buddhist monks from Sri Lanka on a permanent footing. Das Buddhistische Haus (also called Berlin Vihara), thus became the first Theravada Buddhist Vihara in Europe.( continued)

සාධාරණ නඩු විභාගයක පැවැත්ම සහ මූලධර්ම ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීම ස‍ඳහා පනත් කෙටුම්පතක් අධිකරණ ඇමතිට, පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රීවරුන්ට, ජනාධිපතිවරයාට ඉදිරිපත් වෙයි.

April 18th, 2024

ෆීන්ක්ස් නීති සාර සංග්‍රහය

නීති ග්‍රන්ථ ගණනාවක් ලියා ඇති, විද්‍යුත් සහ මුද්‍රිත මාධ්‍යයේ නීතිය පිළිබඳ ලිපි ලියන, නිතිය පිළිබඳ අධ්‍යාපන වැඩසටහන්, වැඩමුළු පවත්වන කොළඹ විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයේ විද්‍යාවේදී උපාධියක් සහ උපදේශනය පිළිබඳ පශ්චාත් උපාධි ඩිප්ලෝමාවක් ලබා ඇති නීතීඥ අරුණ ලක්සිරි උණවටුන විසින් සාධාරණ නඩු විභාගයක් පැවැත්ම සහ මූලධර්ම ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීම ස‍ඳහා වන පනත් කෙටුම්පතක් අධිකරණ ඇමතිට, පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රීවරුන්ට, ජනාධිපතිවරයාට ඉදිරිපත් කිරීමට ක්‍රියා කර ඇත.

එකී යෝජිත පනත් කෙටුම්පත අධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ගේ අයිතිවාසිකම් ආරක්ෂා කිරීමේ පනත් කෙටුම්පත (A Bill to Protection of the Rights of Persons Presenting Submissions before Courts, Tribunals and Institutions.) යන දීර්ඝ නාමයෙන් හදුන්වා ඇත.

එකී පනත් කෙටුම්පතේ වගන්ති 5ක් දැක්වෙන අතර එහි 3 වන වගන්තිය මගින් “අධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ට වෙනත් ලිඛිත නීති වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ඇති සාධාරණ නඩු විභාගයකට අදාල නීතිමය ප්‍රතිපාදන, 2024 අංක 8 දරන අධිකරණයකට, විනිශ්චය අධිකාරයකට හෝ ආයතනයකට අපහාස කිරීම පනතේ 15 වන වගන්තිය අභිබවා ක්‍රියාත්මක වන්නේය.ලෙස දක්වා ඇත.

එසේම එකී යෝජිත පනත් කෙටුම්පතේ 4 වන වගන්තිය මගින්අධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ යම් ලිඛිත නීතියක ප්‍රතිපාදන මත කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ව ඒ මත අත්අඩංගුවේ රඳවා  ගැනීමට හෝ රීතියක්  නිකුත් කිරීමට නොහැක්කේය.ලෙස දක්වා ඇත.

මේ පිලිබද වැඩි දුර අධ්‍යයනය කිරීමේදී පැහැදිලි වන්නේ 2024 අංක 8 දරන අධිකරණයකට, විනිශ්චය අධිකාරයකට හෝ ආයතනයකට අපහාස කිරීම පනතේ 15 වන වගන්තිය මගින් ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාව හැර වෙනත් සියලු නීතිවල ක්‍රියාකාරීත්වය නවතා ඇති බවයි.

2024 අංක 8 දරන අධිකරණයකට, විනිශ්චය අධිකාරයකට හෝ ආයතනයකට අපහාස කිරීම පනතේ 15 වන වගන්තිය මෙසේය.

වෙනත් යම් ලිඛිත නීතියක පටහැනිව කුමක් සඳහන් වුවද මේ පනතේ විධිවිධාන බලපැවැත්විය යුතු අතර, ඒ අනුව මේ පනතේ විධිවිධාන සහ ඒ වෙනත් නීතියේ විධිවිධාන අතර යම් අනනුකූලතාවයක් ඇති වුවහොත් එවිට මේ පනතේ විධිවිධාන බලපැවැත්විය යුත්තේය.” (The provisions of this Act shall have effect notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any other written law, and accordingly, in the event of any inconsistency between the provisions of this Act and such other law, the provisions of this Act shall prevail.)

ඉහත දක්වා ඇති 2024 අංක 8 දරන අධිකරණයකට, විනිශ්චය අධිකාරයකට හෝ ආයතනයකට අපහාස කිරීම පනතේ 15 වන වගන්තියේ ක්‍රියාකාරීත්වය අනුව ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාව හැර අනෙක් සියලු නීති 2024 අංක 8 දරන අධිකරණයකට, විනිශ්චය අධිකාරයකට හෝ ආයතනයකට අපහාස කිරීම පනතේ 15 වන වගන්තිය මගින් යටපත් කර ඇත.

සාධාරණ නඩු විභාගයක් ලබා දීම සඳහා ව්‍යවස්ථාදායකය විසින් ලිඛිත නීති ගණනාවක් මේ වනවිට පනවා ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ 3 වන ව්‍යවස්ථාව මගින් දක්වා ඇති ජනතාවගේ  පරමාධිපත්‍යය ආරක්ෂා කර ඇත. එසේ වුවත් ඉහත 2024 අංක 8 දරන අධිකරණයකට, විනිශ්චය අධිකාරයකට හෝ ආයතනයකට අපහාස කිරීම පනතේ 15 වන වගන්තියේ ක්‍රියාකාරීත්වය අනුව එකී සියලු ලිඛිත නීතිවල බලපෑම නිශ්ක්‍රීය වී ඇත./ යටපත් වී ඇත.

1978 අංක 2 දරන අධිකරණ සංවිධාන පනතේ 49 වගන්තියසිවිල් නඩු විධාන සංග්‍රහ පනතේ 834 වගන්තිය, 2023 අංක 10 දරන අපරාධයක වින්දිතයන් සහ සාක්ෂිකරුවන් හට සහාය දීමේ සහ ආරක්ෂා කිරීමේ පනතේ විධිවිධානදණ්ඩ නීති සංග්‍රහයේ 289 වගන්තිය,
1969 අංක 22 දරන රජයේ සිවිල් වැරදි පිළිබද පනත, සාක්ෂි ආඥා පනත වැනි ලිඛිත නීති මගින් සාධාරණ නඩු විභාගයක් පුරවැසියන්ට ලබා දීම ආරක්ෂා කර ඇත.

උදා. යම් තැනැත්තෙකු යම් විනිසුරුවරයෙකුට එරෙහිව නඩු පවරා ඇති අවස්ථාවක නඩුවක පාර්ශවයක් වන විට හෝ විනිසුරුවරයා නඩුවට පෞද්ගලික සම්බන්ධතාවයක් ඇති විට හෝ විනිසුරුවරයා පෙර අවස්ථාවකදී නඩුවේ තීන්දුවක් ලබා දී ඇති විට 1978 අංක 2 දරන අධිකරණ සංවිධාන පනතේ 49 වගන්තිය අනුව ඒ නඩුවේ කටයුතු වලින් විනිසුරුවරයා ඉවත් වීම කළ යුතු වෙයි. එසේ වුවත් 2024 අංක 8 දරන අධිකරණයකට, විනිශ්චය අධිකාරයකට හෝ ආයතනයකට අපහාස කිරීම පනතේ 15 වන වගන්තියේ ක්‍රියාකාරීත්වය අනුව එකී සියලු ලිඛිත නීතිවල බලපෑම නිශ්ක්‍රීය කර / යටපත් කර ඇති හෙයින් 1978 අංක 2 දරන අධිකරණ සංවිධාන පනතේ 49 වගන්තිය නොසළකමින් 2024 අංක 8 දරන අධිකරණයකට, විනිශ්චය අධිකාරයකට හෝ ආයතනයකට අපහාස කිරීම පනතේ විධිවිධාන ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීමට හැකියාව ලබාගෙන ඇත. එවැනි තත්ත්ව සාධාරණ නඩු විභාගයකට බාධාවක් වන අතර නීතීඥ අරුණ ලක්සිරි උණවටුන විසින් අධිකරණ ඇමතිවරයාට, පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රීවරුන්ට සහ ජනාධිපතිවරයාට ඉදිරිපත් කරනඅධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ගේ අයිතිවාසිකම් ආරක්ෂා කිරීමේ පනත් කෙටුම්පතමගින් සාධාරණ නඩු විභාගයක් ලබා ගැනීමට පුරවැසියන්ට හිමි අයිතිය ආරක්ෂා කර ඇත.

එසේම එකී යෝජිත අධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ගේ අයිතිවාසිකම් ආරක්ෂා කිරීමේ පනත් කෙටුම්පතේ 4 වන වගන්තියඅධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ යම් ලිඛිත නීතියක ප්‍රතිපාදන මත කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ව ඒ මත අත්අඩංගුවේ රඳවා  ගැනීමට හෝ රීතියක්  නිකුත් කිරීමට නොහැක්කේය.ලෙස දක්වා තිබීම මගින් අධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ යම් ලිඛිත නීතියක ප්‍රතිපාදන මත කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ගේ  ගරුත්වය, ආරක්ෂාව, රැකවරණය සහ අභිමානය ආරක්ෂා කර ඇත.

මෙම පනත් කෙටුම්පත පාර්ලිමේන්තුව විසින් ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කරනු ලැබුවහොත් ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ 85.2 ව්‍යවස්ථාව අනුව ජනතාවගේ අනුමැතිය ලබා ගැනීමට ජනමතවිචාරණයකට යොමු කිරීමට ජනාධිපතිවරයාට බලය ඇත.

සාධාරණ නඩු විභාගයක පැවැත්ම සහ මූලධර්ම ආරක්ෂා කර ඇති එකී යෝජිත අධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ගේ අයිතිවාසිකම් ආරක්ෂා කිරීමේ පනත් කෙටුම්පතේ ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා පරිවර්තනය සහිතව පහත දැක්වෙයි.

අධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ගේ අයිතිවාසිකම් ආරක්ෂා කිරීමේ පනත් කෙටුම්පත

අධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ට වෙනත් ලිඛිත නීති වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ඇති සාධාරණ නඩු විභාගයකට අදාල නීතිමය ප්‍රතිපාදන වල රැකවරණය හිමිවන බව සහ ඒ හා සම්බන්ධ හෝ ඊට ආනුශංගික කාරණා සම්බන්ධ විධිවිධාන සැළැස්වීම පිළිබඳ පනතකි.

1.මෙම පනත 2024 අංක …. දරන අධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ගේ අයිතිවාසිකම් ආරක්ෂා කිරීමේ පනත යනුවෙන් හදුන්වනු ලැබේ.

2.අධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ට මෙම පනතේ විධිවිධාන අදාල වේ.

3. අධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ට වෙනත් ලිඛිත නීති වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ඇති සාධාරණ නඩු විභාගයකට අදාල නීතිමය ප්‍රතිපාදන, 2024 අංක 8 දරන අධිකරණයකට, විනිශ්චය අධිකාරයකට හෝ ආයතනයකට අපහාස කිරීම පනතේ 15 වන වගන්තිය අභිබවා ක්‍රියාත්මක වන්නේය.

4. අධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ යම් ලිඛිත නීතියක ප්‍රතිපාදන මත කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ව ඒ මත අත්අඩංගුවේ රඳවා  ගැනීමට හෝ රීතියක්  නිකුත් කිරීමට නොහැක්කේය.

5. මෙම පනතේ සිංහල සහ දෙමළ භාෂා පාඨ අතර අනනුකූලතාවයක් ඇතිවුවහොත්, එවිට සිංහල භාෂා පාඨය බලපැවැත්විය යුත්තේය.

A Bill to Protection of the Rights of Persons Presenting Submissions before Courts, Tribunals and Institutions.

AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR THE PROTECTION OF PERSONS PRESENTING SUBMISSIONS BEFORE COURTS, TRIBUNALS AND INSTITUTIONS ACCORDINGLY TO THE LEGAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO A FAIR TRIAL, WHICH ARE PROTECTED BY OTHER WRITTEN LAWS, AND TO PROVIDE FOR MATTERS CONNECTED THEREWITH OR INCIDENTAL THERETO.

1. This Act may be cited as Protection of the  Rights of Persons Presenting Submissions before Courts, Tribunals and Institutions Act No 21 of 2024.

2. The provisions of this Act are applicable to those presenting submissions before courts, tribunals and institutions.

3. The legal provisions relating to a fair trial, which are protected by other written laws for those presenting submissions before the courts, tribunals and institutions supersedes section 15 of the contempt of court, tribunal or institution Act, No. 8 of 2024.

4. No rule can be issued against a person nor can a person be detained in custody on the basis of the submissions under provisions of any written law before courts, tribunals and institutions.

5. In the event of any inconsistency between the Sinhala and Tamil texts of this Act, the Sinhala text shall prevail.

http://neethiyalk.blogspot.com/2024/04/blog-post_17.html?m=1

ෆීන්ක්ස් නීති සාර සංග්‍රහය
විද්‍යුත් තැපැල් arunaunawatuna@gmail.com
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Sri Lanka debt restructuring stumbles as govt rejects bondholders’ proposal

April 18th, 2024

Courtesy NewsIn.Asia

Colombo

Colombo

Colombo, April 17 (Reuters) – Sri Lanka on Tuesday rejected international bondholders’ proposal to restructure more than $12 billion in debt, putting at risk critical International Monetary Fund support and delaying its efforts to resolve a two-year-long debt crisis.

Some of the proposal’s baseline” assessments and a lack of a contingency option in the case of continued economic weakness were the two main reasons the deal was not agreed, the government said in a statement.

Colombo said it hoped to hold further talks as soon as feasible” but the immediate risk was that without a compromise in the coming weeks, the next tranche of all-important IMF support money could potentially get delayed.

Sri Lanka has already struck a deal with its main government creditors, but an agreement in principle” with bondholders was also needed to secure IMF Board approval for the next $337 million instalment of its $2.9 billion programme.

The government said one of the main stumbling blocks had been that the baseline parameters” of the bondholders’ plan had not matched those embedded in its IMF programme.

It added that the bondholders’ steering committee” that it has been negotiating with in recent weeks had not wanted to extend restricted discussions” – a key part of debt talks where they are held privately, behind closed doors.

Following an initial extension, it would be unusual for big money managers to remain restricted for too long given it also limits their ability to participate in the market.

A source familiar with the process said discussions could continue as early as later on Tuesday, with some interested parties in Washington for the IMF/World Bank meetings.

The source said that, as has been the case in other recent debt negotiations, an asymmetry of information between the parties, including a lack of visibility among bondholders of the terms agreed with both the Paris Club and China, has complicated the negotiations.

CONTENTIOUS MLBs

Sri Lanka also disagreed with a proposal to link future repayments to bondholders to the country’s macroeconomic growth, through macro-linked bonds” or MLB for short.

It said it was seeking more protections if Sri Lanka’s economy were to underperform IMF growth projections, and a test” for triggering both the upward and downward adjustments in the MLB.

Disappointment that a deal had not yet been reached sent Sri Lanka’s bonds down about 2.5 cents , , leaving them at just over half their original face value at between 54 and 55.4 cents on the dollar.

Completing the IMF review by June becomes difficult now because there will have to be more talks,” said Udeeshan Jonas, chief strategist at equity research firm CAL Group.

IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION

Sri Lanka plunged into its worst financial crisis since independence from the British in 1948 after its foreign exchange reserves fell in early 2022 leaving it unable to pay for essentials including fuel, cooking gas, and medicine.

The island nation defaulted on its foreign debt in May 2022 and kicked off negotiations with bilateral creditors several months later, eventually securing an agreement in principle with China, India and the Paris Club last November.

Sri Lanka also needs agreements with each of the bilateral creditors, including the Export-Import Bank of China, to complete the IMF review process.

Supported by the IMF program, Sri Lanka has seen its once soaring inflation moderate to 0.9% in March and its currency strengthen 7.6% so far this year. The economy is expected to return to growth after contracting 2.3% in 2023.

It is one of several poorer countries that have been hit by debt crisis in recent years and were struggling to put it behind.

Ghana this week has also seen its $13 billion restructuring talks stumble after the IMF indicated that the deal it was hoping to strike with bondholders would not be enough to make its debt levels sustainable again.

Viktor Szabo, an emerging market debt portfolio manager at Abrdn in London, said Sri Lanka’s setback was likely to be just a delay rather than a deal-breaker.

It is moving in the right direction,” Szabo said. But it is just a bit slower than expected.”

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April 18th, 2024

උපුටා ගැන්ම  ලංකා ලීඩර්

අමෙරිකානු අධිරාජ්‍යය බිඳවැටෙන සෑම විටම ඔවුන් විසින් ලෝකයේ යුදමය තත්ත්වයක් නිර්මාණය කරන බවද, ඊශ්‍රායලය ත්‍රස්තවාදී රාජ්‍යක් ලෙස අමෙරිකාව භාවිත කළේ ඛනිජ තෙල් වෙනුවෙන් අරාබි මුහුද, රතු මුහුදේ ගැටලුවක් නිර්මාණය කිරීමට බවද වෛද්‍ය වසන්ත බණ්ඩාර මහතා පවසයි.

ඒ මහතා මේ  බව පැවසුවේ දෙරණ වාද පිටිය දේශපාලන සංවාදය හා එක් වෙමිනි.

ලංකාව පිහිටා ඇත්තේ ලෝකයේ වැදගත් උපායමාර්ගික මරමස්ථානයක බවත්, ලෝකයේ ප්‍රධානතම නාවික මාර්ගයේ පිහිටා ඇති රටක් නිසාම බලපෑම් කිරීමට හා අත්පත් කරගැනීමේ උවමනාව ඉන්දියාව අමෙරිකාව ප්‍රමුඛ විදෙස් බලවේගවලට ඇති බවත් ඒ මහතා පෙන්වා දෙයි.

සවිස්තරාත්මක වීඩියෝව නරඹන්න…

බෙදා හදා ගැනීම පිළිබඳ රාජ නීතිය සහ  පැරණි මූලාශ්‍ර

April 17th, 2024

මතුගම සෙනෙවිරුවන්

මෙරට ගැමි සමාජය හසුරුවන ප්‍රධානතම රැහැන නම් සාමූහිකත්වයයි.පැරණි ගැමියන් කිසි විටක සාමූහිකත්වයෙන් තොරව සංවිධාන ගත නොවූහ.ඔවුන්ගේ ප්‍රධානතම ආර්ථික ක්‍රියාවලිය වූ කුඹූරු ගොවිතැන සහ හේන් ගොවිතැන සාර්ථකත්වයට පත් කරනු ලැබූවේ එකට වැඩ කරගැනීමට තිබූ දක්ෂතාවයෙනි.මුල් කැටෑ හේන නම් වියළ් ගොවිතැනේ දී සියලුම දෙන එකතු වී මූකලානක් කොටා පුලුස්සා වටේ දඬුවැට සවි කර තමන්ගේ පංගු වෙන් කර ගත්තද හේනේ පැල් රැකීම කරන ලද්දේ සාමූහික හැඟිමකිනි. එසේම අස්වනු කපා පා ගා ගැනීම සහ බෙද‌ා හදා ගැනීම සඳහා පුද්ගලිකත්වයට වඩා සාමූහිකත්වය ඉස්මතු විය.මේ නිසා මුලු රටේම වැඩ කිරීමේ හැකියාව ඉතා ඉහළ මට්ටමින් තිබුණි. පසු කාලීනව රාජකාරිය යනුවෙන් නම් කළ අතර සියලුම රට වැසියන්ට තමන්ගේ කාර්යයක් හිමි විය. කුල වශයෙන් වෙන් කර තිබුණද ඒ ඒ අය අතර බෙදා හදා ගැනීමද අත්තමට කයියට වැඩ කිරීමද උපරිම මට්ටමින් තිබූ ආකාරය පැහැදිලි වේ.

          මේ බෙදා හදා ගැනීම ජාන වලින් පැමිණි දෙයක් නොවේ.බදු දහම වැළඳ ගැනීමෙන් පසු ඒ සාර්ධර්මයන් හි රජු පිහිටීම නිසා මෙවැනි හැදියාවක් ආරම්භ වන්නට ඇත. සතුරු ආක්‍රමණ මත රටේ අවුල් වියවුල් ඇති වූ නිසා නැවත ඒ පෙර සිරිත් පණ ගැන්වීම අවශ්‍ය විය.ඒ අනුව සකස් කරනු ලැබූ නීති සහ රීති මගින් නැවත ඒ සිරිත් ආරම්භ විය..චාරිත්‍ර සහ වාරිත්‍ර යනුවෙන් අප අතර අද ව්‍යවහාර වන්නේ එයයි. යම් නීතියක් චාරිත්‍රයක් වන්නට නම් ඒ සිරිත දිගු කාලයක් තිස්සේ ජන සමාජය විසින් භාවිත කල යුතු විය.එවිට එම පෙර සිරිත නීතියක් වුවත් නීතියක් නොවී ජන සමාජය විසින් ආරක්ෂා කරනු ලබති. බෙදා හදා ගෙන කෑම බෙදා හදා ගෙන වැඩ කිරීම සිංහල ජන සමාජයට පුරුදු පුහුණු කරන ලද්දේ එසේය.ඉරිපින්නියාව( පදවිය අසල ) ටැම් ලිපිය අනුව වාරිමාර්ග අමුණු බැන්දවීමටද පෙර සිරිත ක්‍රියාත්මක විය.එයද නීතියකින් පැමිණියකි.මේ සම්බන්ධව තිබෙන තවත් වැදගත් හොඳම උදාහරණයක් ලිඛිතව පැවතීම මේ පිළිබඳව විමර්ශනය කරන්නවුන්ට ඉතා වැදගත්ය. අනුරාධපුරයේ ඇතුලු නුවර මහාපාලි දාන ශාලාව ආසන්නයේ පවතින සතරවන මිහිඳු රජුගේ ශිලා ලේඛනය ඊට දෙස් දෙයි.

      සතරවන මහින්ද( ක්‍රි.ව.980 -996) පස්වන කාශ්‍යප රජුගේ පුත්‍රයෙකු ලෙස සැළකිය හැකිය. ඔහුගේ බිසව කාලිංග කුමරියක වූවාය. ඒ වන විට දළදා වහන්සේ සන්තකයේ පැවතීම කාලිංග දළදා පරපුරේ නොහොත් කීරවැල්ල බිසවක් සිටීම රාජ උරුමය තහවුරු කරලීමට බලවත් සාධකයක් විය.ඒ ශක්තිය නිසා මහින්ද රජු දඹදිව ආක්‍රමණය කොට තුන්වන කෘෂ්ණ රජු පරාජයට පත් කළේය.එසේම ඌරාතොට නැතිනම් කයිට්ස් දූපතට පැමිණි දෙමළ ආක්‍රමණිකයෙකු පරාජයට පත් කොට රාජ්‍ය ස්ථාවර කොට වසර දහසයක් රජකම් කලේය.මේ නිසා ඔහුට ශාසනික මෙහෙයක් කල හැකී වූ අතර දළදා වහන්සේ කෙරෙහි තිබූ භක්තිය නිසා දළදා මැදුර ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණයට ලක් කළේය. අනතුරුව ඒ ආසන්නයේ ශිලා ලේඛනයක් ද පිහිටුවන ලද්දේය. ඊට අමතරව වෙස්සගිරිය අසල සහ මිහින්තලයේ යන ස්ථාන වල පිහිටුවන ලද ශිලා ලේඛන මෙරට ශාසනික නීතිය සහ රටේ පෙර සිරිත හුවා දක්වන ප්‍රබල සාධක වෙති. අනුරාධපුර පුවරු ලිපියයයි සදහන් වන පහත සඳහන් ලිපිය මගින් කියැවෙන වැදගත් රීතින් සමාජය වෙත මුදා හැරීමට සිදු වූයේ කුමක් නිසාදැයි මේ ලිපි ය කියැවීමෙන් පසක් කරගත හැකිය.    

          ‘සිරිබර් කැත් කුල කොත් ඔකාවස් රජ් පරපුරෙන් බට් ලක්දිව් පොලොයොන පරපුරෙන් හිමි වූ සිරි සඟ්බො අබය් මහ රජ්හු තුමා සත් ලැගු සොලොස්වන හවුරුදුයෙහි මැදින් දින සන්ද් අවප් මස්හි  දස පක් දවස් සතර් පස්හි අය්වූ උකස් ගම්හි ඉසා පමුණු ගම්හි ඉසා ගිය තුවාක් දවස්හි රද් කොලට් වැලෙන්දමින් සිටි කැබැල්ලෙ හි කළැලි කුම්බුර් පෙරෙ වළන්දමින් සිටි සෙ වළදනු කොට් ඉසා සෙසු වියළ් තිබූ තුවාක් තැන් පමුණු ලදුවන් වියළ් නෙරුන් මුත් කැබලි ලදුවන් වියළ් නෙරනා කොට් ඉසා පමුණු ලදුවන් වියළ් නෙල් තැන්හි පහන් ……………………ගත් කිරි අමුණ බා  දෙ කැබලි ලදුවන් බෙදා ගන්නා කොට් ඉසා …………..මෙයට් උපන් දෙවිතයක්  ඇත ගම් වැසියන් ………………….පිරි කපා බා ගන්නා කොට් ඉසා පෙරෙ කැබලි …………………….වල් පියොව තිබූ තුවාක් තැන් වැව් බැන්දැ………………..කැරුණ් හසෙකැ බෙදා ගන්නා කොට් ඉසා ………………………….ක් ඇත ගම් වැසියන් දුට් නැස්මක් ……………………යන් බෙදා ගන්නා කොට් ඉසා මෙකුන් විය …………………………..බද් වැව් සර් වියළ් නෙළැයෙහි වැවූ ප…………ගම්වැසියන් පස් දෙනෙකු කී බා දෙ කැබලි……………….කොට් ඉසා පෙරෙ ඔත් ගස් කොලට් අ…………..වහන්සෙ හුණන්හි වැඩැ වෙන කලැ කළ ව්‍ය ………………තුනින් එකක් නියායෙන් බෙදා ගන්නා කොට් ඉසා ……………….තුවාක් දවස්හි පමුණු ලදුවනට කුඩී……………..වැටෙමින් සිටි වැට්මක් ඇත පෙරෙ …………………….කොට් ඉසා මෙකුන් අයෙළින් ඔත් නැරුළ් ත………………මහ වරක් දෙකැබලි ලදුවන් බෙදා ගන්නා කොට් ඉසා …………….කින් පකක් දෙකැබලි ලදුවන් බෙදා ගන්නාකොට් ඉසා …………….බුලත් දොඩම් කෙල් කොස් සෙසු උපො පල …………හවුරුදු පතා වත්තකට් ළිදෙකින් දෙ අකක් බැ……………න් බෙදා ගන්නා කොට් ඉසා……………….ගම් වැසියන්…………….. ඇත  කුඩීන් නොපල්වා ගම් වැසියන්…………………කැබලි ලදුවන් බෙදා ගන්නා කොට් ඉසා ………තන්හි මෙලාට්සි ලද්දකු ගන්නා කොට් ඉසා ගම් වැසියන් පස් දෙනෙකු කී දඩ් ගන්නා කොට් ඉසා දෙකැබලි ලදුවන්  වෑ මෙහෙයට් දෙ ……………….උපන් වියවුලක් ඇත මහා ලෙයක් හු ………………වරැඅරක්මෙහෙකැමියක් හු ඉසා ස………………කුසල් කැමි ලෙයක්හු ඉසා දඩ් නා ප…………………….පි කාරයක් හු ඉසා ඇතුළ්වැ මෙතුවාක් ………………..සාහා දෙනු කොට් ඉසා එකොලොස් ………………..හිමියන් වහන්සෙ  පසුවනු ප……………කැබලි ලද් කෙනකු න් විචාර කොට් ………………….ත්‍යාග කරනු කොට් ලියවා දළදා ගෙ ………………ලී කර්ම නො ඉක්ම වැ  වෙනු සන්ද් හා……………..තබනු ලදි සතර් පස්හි දෙමෙළ් ගම්බිම් ……………ඔත් ගස් කොළ්හි පෙරෙ සිරිත් සෙ ගන්නා කොට් ඉසා මෙහි පවා මත්තෙ ඔත් ගස් කොළ්හි දස පැකින් පකක් හා සතර් මහ වරක් හා ළින්දෙකින් දෙ අකක් බැගින් ගතැ යුතු

         රදළ කුලයට පරිභෝග වූ උකස් ගම් සහ පමුණු ගම් වල කැබලි වල අස්වනු පෙර සේම වැළඳීම නොහොත් පරිභෝජනය කළ යුතු යැයි මෙහි මුලටම දක්වා තිබේ.මෙම ගම්හි හේන් ගොවිතැන් ගැන දක්වා තිබෙන්නේ වියළ් යනුවෙනි.ඒවා පෙර සේම වළන්දවමින් ඒ ලැබෙන අස්වැන්න ගම් වැසියන් විසින් අඩක් වශයෙන් බෙදා ගත යුතු බව දක්වා තිබේ.ඒ ගම්වල කැලෑ එළි කොට වැව් සකස් කර ගත් කල්හි ලැබෙන ලාභයන් බෙදා ගත යුතු බව දක්වා තිබේ. එසේම ගම් වැසියන්ට යම් කරදරයක් නොහොත් නැස්මක් වුවහොත් තිබෙන තැනින් ගෙන බෙදා හදා ගැනීම අගය කර තිබේ. සැබවින්ම අදටත් මේ සිරිත ගම් වල පවතී. කරදරයකදී ඔවුන් සැම එකතු වෙයි. සැමියා නැතිවූ බිරිඳ නඩත්තුවට කුඹුරු කැබලි පවා වෙන් කරන සිරිතක් දක්නට තිබුණි. දඹුල්ල අසළ කලුන්දෑවේ එලෙස වෙන් කරන ලද කූඹුරකට සුද්දන්ගේ පාලනය යටතේ අත්වූ ඉරණම ගැන විස්තර මෑත කාලයේ දී අසන්නට හැකිය.එකල රාජ්‍ය සේවයේ සිටි දෙමල අගම්පඩි සේනාවක්ට දුන් දෙමළ ගම් බිම් වලින් පෙර සිරිත් ලෙසම එනම් දෙමළ් කූලී අය කරගන්නා ලෙසටද මෙහි දක්වා තිබේ. ඒ අනුව සතරවන මහින්ද රජුගේ අනුරාධපුර පුවරු ලිපියෙන් හෙළිවන්නේ සිංහල නීතියේ වැදගත් මූලාශ්‍රයකි.

මතුගම සෙනෙවිරුවන්

We Successfully Responded to the Public’s Call for System Change – Minister Manusha Nanayakkara. 

April 17th, 2024

Manusha Media

Labour and Foreign Employment Minister Manusha Nanayakkara said today (17) that the demands for systemic change voiced by the public on the streets have been achieved within the Ministry over the past two years, with necessary policy adjustments implemented.

The minister made this statement today (17) when he participated in the special event organized by the Ministry of Labor and Foreign Employment to celebrate the Sinhala and Tamil New Year.

The Minister noted that many positive changes have been made in Sri Lanka’s labor sector and highlighted that steps were taken to lay the foundation for these changes at the end of last year

The Minister went on to say ;

“Nearly two years ago, the public took to the streets, demanding a change in the system. However, their true desire went beyond simply replacing top officials; it encompassed a comprehensive transformation of the system itself.

That’s why we needed national policies. We aimed to establish a program that remains unchanged regardless of personnel shifts. Over the past two years, our ministry has successfully implemented this program.

We developed a migration policy and revisited the labor policy. Additionally, we introduced relevant policies to create a safe work environment and successfully changed labor laws. Furthermore, we brought about policy changes by amending the Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment Act.

Also, we were able to digitize the Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment as well as the Labour Department. Additionally, we launched the Garu Saru Program, which promote dignity of labour, a concept that was not even considered during colonial times.

We were able to create a policy change, which is the most basic thing needed to effect change in the system. Everyone in the ministry was committed to it. This represents the real aragalaya, where all public servants work diligently together to bring about a change in the system.

Building the country through hard work is the true struggle. In these past two years, we have accomplished tasks that were previously deemed impossible for many years.”

Price-gouging & verbal hostility: Arrested street food vendor granted bail

April 17th, 2024

Courtesy Adaderana

The owner of a street food eatery in Aluthkade, who was arrested for price-gouging a foreign tourist and behaving in a verbally aggressive manner, has been granted bail.

When the accused was produced before the court earlier today (17), he was ordered to be released on a cash bail of Rs. 50,000 and surety bail of Rs. 1 million.

On Tuesday (16), the police arrested the 51-year-old in question for trying to charge Rs. 1,900 from a foreigner for a Kottu Roti and verbally harassing him when he refused to buy the food item at the quoted price.

The arrest came hot on the heels of public outcry on social media after a video of the incident went viral.

Coup After Coup After Coup: Sabotaging the 5th Industrial Revolution in Sri Lanka

April 17th, 2024

e-Con e-News

ee wishes readers a Happy New Year!

Last week, ee reproduced an Island report recalling how an attempted military coup, to overcome the so-called 2018 ‘constitutional coup’, was thwarted. Observers of such machinations of state & statecraft wonder if the latest tale about former President Maithripala Sirisena allegedly disclosing an ‘Indian Hand’ as being behind the April 2019 bombings, may indeed be true. ee also wonders if the dearly beloved ‘Cardinal’ too had inside information about this all along, ‘incensed’ because this handler was being censored? After all, the precious prelates of the Catholic Church must surely have hourly access via the Vatican to the oldest of the black-robed practitioners of such Jesuitical methods, amply provided to certain actors at regular intervals, 1948, 1959, 1962, 1971 and 1983-2009?

     In those smoky hours in 2019, ee also wondered about the role of such ‘secretive’ organizations as the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) – the power behind India’s ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) – seeking to kill (& malign) 3 birds (Christian, Muslim, & Buddhist) with one coordinated blow. This also included a so-called ‘failed attempt’ at an Indian-owned hotel, where the alleged bomber later blew himself (or was blown up) at another non-Indian location. India’s PM N. Modi was the first foreign head of state to visit Sri Lanka after that carnage, in June 2019, chaperoned throughout by Sajith Premadasa. Meanwhile, media this week also headlined the push for a ‘Hindu Eelam Movement’ & their Presidential candidate (see ee Sovereignty).

     If Indian secret services had arranged the April 2019 terror, do their links with Sri Lanka’s own secret services explain why they were not pursued? Their ‘warning’ beforehand fits the pattern, evident in the planners of the Moscow concert hall attack who also claimed, later, that they had ‘warned’ the recipient (Russia) of their intended actions beforehand. Our good & generous neighbour too ‘warned’ us in 2019. Double gain! First, it signals friendliness and diverts suspicion away. Second, it allows later icing on the cake by blaming the recipient for not taking the warning seriously, to perhaps suit their own stratagems. ee would have loved to see ‘our’ mass media outlets pursue other parties like the JVP & their current apparently popularized leader about his opinion on this matter. We guess, it is too much to ask for that level of independence in ‘our’ media. Meanwhile, perhaps fearing arrest or possible harm, Sirisena and family are said to be taking refuge in Singapore, that bastion of the rule of law where a former fugitive Central Banker resides – the closest outpost perhaps, far from India’s hitmen?

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• Fast & Furious in Mariyakaday – Last week ee wondered if there were weapons meant for Sri Lanka aboard that Maersk-chartered Baltimore-bridge-crashing ship that had docked at the US Navy base in Norfolk, Virginia, prior to its fateful Maryland snafu. Curiosity was piqued by the amount of ‘empty containers’ on that ship making such a long journey all the way around that Cape of Storms aka Good Hope.

     With the US (& their Core Group, including Canada, etc) about to invade Haiti, to apparently suppress ‘gangs’, it is important to recall that it is the US via their ‘gusano’ (expat Cuban) gangsters in Miami who are flooding Haiti with guns. Haiti does not have a ‘gang problem’, it has a US imperialism problem. The same goes for Somalia, which the Anglo-Saxon media keeps repeating, has a ‘piracy problem’. It is the US (& their EU allies) who’s financed various ‘terrorist’ groups in Somalia. Again, East Africa & Red Sea & West Asia too, have an US imperialism problem, but no Anglo-Saxon media dare call it so.

     ee also recalls how the US sold 1,000s of firearms to Mexican ‘drug cartel’ leaders, which has led to the current ‘gang wars in Mexico’. The US claimed this ‘gunwalking’, or ‘letting guns walk’ tactic was ‘purposely’ used by the US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives (ATFProject Gunrunner aka Operation Fast & Furious to identify gang leaders. Each weapon was equipped with a GPS unit, to supposedly enable the ATF to track the guns to Mexican drug cartel leaders and arrest them. Instead, over 150 Mexican civilians were maimed or killed by these guns in Mexico. In September 2011, the Mexican government linked an undisclosed number of guns found at about 170 crime scenes, to the US project. The US scheme aimed to intentionally arm the Sinaloa drug cartel to defeat rival drug gangs. US President Barack Obama invoked executive privilege in order to withhold documents about the project. Mexico – so far from their Aztec gods & so close to the US – has a US imperialism problem too. The US’ pitbulls in Ecuador just broke into the Mexican embassy in Quito. Just as the USA’s pitbulls in occupied Palestine just bombed the Iranian embassy in SyriaUnprovoked attacks, indeed! So, the question remains: just what was in those Dali containers? Which fractions in which political faactions are they arming?

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‘Customs has no way of knowing who the consignee is & what

the cargo is until the cargo manifest is filed by the agent here.

Even then, cargo description is in most cases not sufficient to properly

identify such goods. No one will declare contents as ‘Toxic Waste’.’

– Customs Spokesman Senior Customs Director Seevali Arukgoda

Another administrative ‘coup’ is in progress to reduce or remove the powers of Customs Officials and replace them with ‘senior traders’ aka fraudulent importers. Customs unions, threatening industrial action if the Finance Ministry’s proposed amendments go through, say this is being done on behalf of the same ‘family of corrupt officials that annulled the 1953 Foreign Exchange Control Act and relaxed policies in 2017, enabling the bleeding of foreign exchange out of the country, causing the present economic ‘crisis’ (see ee Random Notes).

     After ee’s revelations on 30 March about hazardous wastes aboard that Danish-Maersk-chartered ship, a National Coordinating Committee (NCC) of ‘all relevant stakeholders’ was formed in Colombo and met on Friday, 5 April 2024. There has been no news since on what was decided, though we see that Germany’s GIZ is supposedly going to fund a pilot pre-arrival processing of import shipments, from May, where Colombo will get ‘cargo information 48 hours before the departure of the ship from the foreign port.’

     There were however continued attacks on ee (by Maersk-related NGOs & media) with doubts expressed about our revelations. They carefully admit that the materials imported were indeed hazardous, but only one of the 4,700 containers was for Sri Lanka and it was a ‘normal’ hazardous import needed for ‘manufacture’, while ignoring why Maersk was transporting toxic US waste through our waters. Maersk has gained a reputation for attacking its own workers who report on their mischief (see ee Random Notes).

     However, in the Daily Mirror, Rohan Masakorala, ‘founder of Shippers Academy International, a former Chairman of the Sri Lanka Shippers’ Council & 1st Secretary General of the Asian Shipper’s Council’ calls ee a ‘false blog’ (whatever that is) publishing ‘false information’ attempting ‘to mislead the very vulnerable Sri Lankan society’, tarnishing ‘the image of a reputed shipping line, a private terminal operator in the Port of Colombo & US government institutions supporting Sri Lankan maritime sector through capacity building initiatives’ (see ee Random Notes).

     Yet, also in the Daily Mirror, Gehan L Kuruppu – also a ‘former Chairman of the Sri Lanka Shippers’ Council’ & 38-year veteran in this import-export scene – decries the attacks on the media who publicized ee’s revelations, adding:

Who the toxic materials & fuel were consigned to in Sri Lanka – in technical

terms the consignee of the cargo or the notify party – is not being reported.

Also, it is a long way for such hazmat & fuel to be exported in one voyage

without calling in other ports en route to Colombo Port. There are reports of uncertainty

about who is exporting such toxic waste to Sri Lanka, and who is importing them.

Are the US & the media institutions attempting to divert attention

from the ship charterer Maersk Line’s involvement?

Unless there is some classified information that cannot be divulged

for reasons that are unknown to authorities. In this instance, it is not possible to say

that the authorities cannot find who the exporter & the importer are,

as the US Customs rules are that any vessel leaving the port of US origin

has to make a prior establishment in filing the manifest.’

(see ee Industry, Baltimore Bridge collapse, Dali & controversy)

Ansell Lanka General Manager Ramesh Nanayakkara told the Sunday Times’ Sunimalee Dias (who reports Maersk & IMF, World Bank, ADB press releases as uninvestigable gospel) that they had one container on the Dali bound for Colombo that contained a chemical resin classified as hazardous. Used ‘in the normal manufacturing process’ – this raw material is used to make ‘industrial gloves’, and has been ‘imported for over 2 decades’. ‘The country of origin of this particular chemical is the USA’. The rest of the over 500 containers were said to be for transshipment cargo due for India.

     If this is gospel, isn’t it odd to bring this resin all the way from Baltimore? Is this imported ‘resin’ another ploy for foreign-exchange fraud? Ansell is linked to an old English multinational Dunlop, now based in Australia. Why not import the resin from there? Or produce it here? And if the rest of the containers were going to India, Singapore &/or Malaysia, or most going to China[ as some claimed, why not thru the Pacific? After all their talk of ‘carbon footprints’ & ‘Asia-Pacific’ etc. Odd, no?

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‘English industrial policy was to prohibit any form

of industrialisation in any of their colonies’

– HN Thenuwara (see ee Focus)

Lanka is about to miss the 5th industrial revolution, having missed the first 4 industrial revolutions in the world, and HN Thenuwara, a former Sri Lanka Central Bank Director of Economic Research now teaching at the University of Iowa, USA, is worried. This latest revolution of the industrial kind is being fueled by Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Thenuwara therefore consults ChatGpt to find out what he thinks we should do (see ee Focus). Unfortunately, he does not quite get it, as neither can ChatGpt, whose intelligence is not that artificial at all.

     While Thenuwara very kindly lays out what the first 4 revolutions were all about, he does not quite hit the nail on the thumb. The English did not just prohibit, they destroyed & mutilated, as in India, where they cut the thumbs of the weavers, etc. In Sri Lanka, ingenious traders, including, and not only Indian, importers & exporters, and the Central Bank & officials they have trained very well, who all work on behalf of US & European multinationals & banks, will simply not allow any hint of a modern industrial policy in our parts of the world.

     Thenuwara repeats standard mercantile shibboleths about 1970-77, saying ‘the country experimented with closed economy policies, which are countermeasures of industrial revolutions, and resulted in colossal failure’. His notion of failure is not good or bad, it’s sheer ignorance! Because even if there was a loss, a lack of industry would have led to further greater losses elsewhere – as is now evident, with no modern production taking place.

     And industrial policy did not ‘fail’ – it was strangled and sabotaged! He fails to show how the proportional representation system impacted those institutions curbing corruption. He ignores how the current US and EU greenwashing is to bind Sri Lanka into only buying their machinery and not making our own. He also does not call out India’s blatant movies to tie Sri Lanka into India’s industrial orbit, making it Chennai’s bitch. Finally, a top Central Bank official going to work for a foreign country, especially a country that displays constant enmity to the country’s economic wellbeing, may well constitute high corruption as well.

     Thenuwara should have asked ChatGPT to improve on this sentence: ‘Imperialist industrial policy will sabotage any form of industrialization in their colonies (including India & Japan, etc)’.

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• Just like the US & EU are constantly threatening to remove Sri Lanka’s preferred access to their hallowed market (GSP+, etc), the US is now threatening South Africa with similar menace after S Africa took US-funded Israel to the International Court of Justice for their ongoing genocide in Palestine. While the ICJ’s ruling of ‘plausible’ genocide doesn’t appear to have deterred Israel one bit (these international bodies are weaponized only against us, usually triggered along with other force-multipliers), the US has launched an investigation into South Africa’s ‘uppity negro’ behavior (see ee Focus), detailing not only their upset about Israel, but also South Africa daring to continue to pursue closer ties with Russia, China, Iran. This sheds further light on how the US views and treats Sri Lanka, a more acquiescent vassal.

     Hence, the US-South Africa Bilateral Relations Review Act was introduced in the US House on February 6. Pandor says, ‘There’s almost an implication that when the USA holds a particular position, South Africa must follow… I don’t know whether it’s because we’re Africans or some other reason.’

     South Africa’s Foreign Minister Naledi Pandor was thus beckoned to Washington, DC. South Africa’s accession to the beckoning may relate to the ‘behind-the-scenes’ deal struck in 1994 between Afrikaner cabinet minister Roelf Meyer & then ANC General Secretary (now President) Cyril Ramaphosa under the aegis of the USA, which led, 1948 Soulbury-suckering-like, to the maintenance of white minority rule over the economy. The US must be threatening to expose this ‘behind-the-scenes’ deal to undermine the ANC before the upcoming elections.

     In May 2023, the US’ South Africa ambassador’s unfounded accusation that the country was providing weapons to Russia, led to President Ramaphosa saying the allegation ‘had a most damaging effect on our currency, our economy, and our standing in the world; in fact, it tarnished our image’. In August 2023, a South African official said the country would not give in to pressure from the US to stop using Chinese company Huawei’s equipment on its networks.

     South Africa is the USA’s largest trading partner in Africa. About 600 US businesses operate in the country. The US African Growth & Opportunity Act (AGOA) provides sub-Saharan African countries some duty-free access to the US. The US has removed several countries from AGOA, eg, Ethiopia, Mali, Guinea, Uganda, Gabon, Niger, & the Central African Republic. The unstated threat of potential removal from AGOA hovers over the US-South Africa relationship, too.

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Contents:

Great Developmment Programmes that can deliver Sri Lanka out of the woods

April 17th, 2024

Garvin Karunaratne, PhD. Michigan Stae University,

Is it not sad that Sri Lanka, a country that had no foreign debt in 1977, is today having a foreign debt of $ 91 billion( Prof. Charitha Herath:Lankadeepa- 7/2/24) When President Gotabhaya left the debt was $ 56 billion.

Sri Lanka is a country of ample resources, a fertile land, blessed with rain and ample manpower.

As a development expert with experience of handling development I can recall Great Development Programmes that if copied, could provide a way out.

The Comilla Programme of Rural Development.(1960-1969)

The Government of Bangladesh sought the help of the USA to find the quickest method of bringing about development. This task was entrusted to Michigan State University and a few professors moved to the cobra infested Kotwali Thana, the area where the development was done for over eight years . Akhter Hammed Khan was posted as the Director of the Academy for Rural Development. They worked on a cooperative model where farmers -members of cooperatives were trained and the entire administration was re-organized and farmers provided with deep tube well water. Paddy Yields were increased by 170%, industries established and employment was found for everyone.

This successful method is being followed today in many areas in Bangladesh.

Paddy Production In Sri Lanka- 1965-1970

This was an islandwide programme where paddy farmers were organized through cultivation committees to follow improved methods like the use of high yielding seeds, row seeding, and the use of inorganic fertilizer, In 1967 the District Administrative head, the Government Agents were charged to ensure results. Sri Lanka reached self sufficiency. The yields of paddy was checked independently by staff officers on plots identified by random sampling. It was the combination of an effort by two departments- the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Agrarian Services, directed by the Government Agents, the Administrative Heads of each District, The Programme was directed by the Prime Minister himself, Mr Dudley Senanayake. Self sufficiency was achieved while also giving a ration of one measure (two Kilos) of rice free per person in 1966-1970.
(The author was an active participant as Senior Assistant Commissioner of Agrarian Services in 1966-67 and as Additional Government Agent of Kegalla District in 1968-1969. )

The Marketing Department Cannery

A Cannery was imported and installed in 1955. The Marketing Department bought fruit and veg from farmers, buying at their doorstep, moved to the Cannery where we made fruit drinks, jam. We achieved self sufficiency. We staved off all imports of fruit products in three years(1955-1958), working under Hon Philip Gunawardena as the Minister for Agriculture.

I was involved, providing fruit and veg as I was in charge of Tripoli, the headquarters implementing the purchasing and selling of veg and fruit in the entire island. I also was acting in charge of the Cannery when the Assistant Commissioner in charge was abroad , We exported 9% of our tinned pineapple.

The Divisional Development Councils Programme of Sri Lanka(1970-1977) was a programme aimed at creating production and also alleviating poverty.

The highlights of this Programme were:

Paper making out of Waste Paper at Kotmale.

All Waste Paper in the District was collected and used to make paper and cardboard.

Today we do not collect and convert waste paper to paper and cardboard. We bury and set fire to waste paper! Instead we have fine tuned the art of selling used cardboard to India- 8000 tons per month collecting a few dimes and buying paper with dollars from India. Making paper from waste paper is a well known process, but we do not roll our sleeves to do it. Instead we import with dollars we find on loan.

Seagoing Boat Making Factory at Matara

A new industry to make seagoing boats was established within two months. The work included building the workshop, installing sawing equipment, training over twenty youths to make 40 seafaring boats a year. Boats were sold to fishing coops. It was an acclaimed success.

This project was initiated and directed by me in 1971-1973

Coop Crayon Factory at Morawaka

The art of making crayons, equal in quality to Reeves, the best of the day was unearthed by my Planning Officer Vetus Fernando, by experimenting at the Rahula College Science Lab, every evening from six to midnight for three months.

The Coop Crayon Factory was set up at Morawaka in two weeks by my staff training youth on a 24 hour basis. The organizer was Sumanapala Dahanayake the member of parliament of the area in his capacity as the President of the Cooperative Union. Coop Crayon was sold islandwide from 1971 to 1977. The success of Coop Crayon enabled Minister Illangaratne to stop the import of crayons. Coop Crayon was a grand success

This project was initiated and directed by me in 1971-1973..

The Youth Self Employment Project of Bangladesh

Self employment commenced in Bangladesh with a two hour argument I had with the Secretary to the Treasury of Bangladesh when he said that I could not establish this self employment programme as the ILO of the United Nations had failed to establish such a programme in Tangail, Bangladesh. Hon Aminul Islam the Minister for Labour and Manpower who listened to our arguments for two hours, approved my establishing the programme. The Secretary to the Treasury denied any funds and I worked from savings within approved budgets. . I designed this programme teaching youth officers economics and methods of working with youths to develop their abilities and capacities in running commercial ventures.(Communty Developmet & Non Formal Education) I was also training the officers including members of the Bangladesh Civil Service to continue this programme when my consultancy was over. This is today the premier youth employment creation programme the world has known.

On 19/10/2011 the Govt of Bangladesh reported to the IFAD(FAO) one of the funders, that over two million youths have been found self employment. By now (2024) this Programme has guided over three million youth to become self employed. This is a coveted development programme of the Government and the World Bank has tried to buy the programme several times.

This Programme was designed and established by me in 1982-1983. In 2005, twenty two years later Mr M Asafuddowlah, the Joint Secretary who worked with me reported: that this Programme has expanded across the country and attained great success. I have not forgotten your valuable contribution to the success of this Programme,”(Letter dated 20/6/2005 from Md Asafuddowlah, twice Secretary in the Ministry of Youth Development.)

In Sri Lanka Former Ambassador, Mr Milinda Moragoda, in his bid for the Mayor of Colombo said:  he should seek to implement theYouth Self Employment Programme of Bangladesh, which incidentally was an amazingly successful scheme introduced to that country by a distinguished son of Sri Lanka, Dr Garvin Karunaratne who served in Bangladesh as an international consultant.”(The Nation: 11/9/2011)

To our leaders and my countrymen, my word is that we can develop our country and call an end to poverty and deprivation. The above documented successes do prove that we can.

Garvin Karunaratne, PhD. Michigan Stae University,

16/4/2024

garvin_karunaratne@hotmail.com

ගරු ජනාධිපති තුමාගේ ක්ෂනික හා පෞද්ගලික අවාධානය සඳහා

April 17th, 2024

දේශමාන්‍ය ආචාර්‍ය සුදත් ගුණසේකර. අග්‍රාමාත්‍ය සිරිමාවෝ බන්ඩාරනායක      මැතිනියගේ හිටපු ලේකම් සහ ශ්‍රී ලන්කා පරිපාලන සේවා සන්ගමයේ සභාපති (1991-1994)

සුභ අලුත් අවුරුද්දක් වේවා!

ශ්‍රී ලන්කා ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී සමාජවාදි ජනරජයේ                             2024 ක්වූ අප්‍රේල් 14.

ගරු ජනාධිපති, රනිල් වික්‍රමසින්හ මැතිතුමා වෙතය.

ගරු ජනාධිපති තුමනි,

1815 ආරම්භවූ බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය යටත් විජිත පාලනයෙන් මිදී, මේ රට  ව්‍යවස්ථාදායක,විධායක සහ අධිකරණ බලය සහිත පූර්ණ නිදහස ළබාගත්තේ 1972 මැයි 22 දාය. එසේම 1948 සිට වසර 24 කට පසු සෝල්බරී ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ තිබුණු අධිරාජ්‍යවාධී යදම්වලින් මේ රට මිදුනේත් එදිනය. 1972 සිට 1977 දක්වාම  හත් වසරක්, එවකට පැවති සිරිමා බණ්ඩාරනායක රජය විසින් ජනරජ දිනය, මැයි 22 දින මහත් උත්කර්ෂවත් අන්දමින් පැවැත්වීය.

එහෙත් 1977 දී බලයට පත්වූ රජය යළිත් යටත් විජිත වාදී වහල් මානසිකත්වය වැළඳ ගනිමින් 1978 ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ 8 වන වන්තියෙන් නැවතත් පෙබ 4 ම ජාතික දිනය” වෂයෙන් ව්‍යවස්ථාගතකොට, 1948 දී ලැබුණායයි කියන නිදහසක් සමරමින්, නිදහස් දිනය උත්සවත්ශ්‍රීයෙන් සැමරීම යළිත් ආරම්භ කළේය. මේ අන්දමින් 1972 කේදී ලබාගත් ජාතික අභිමාණය වලලා දැමුවේ වසර 6 ක් ඇතුලත රටක ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාවද වෙනස් කිරීමේ ලෝක වාර්තාවක්ද තබමිනි. ඒ සමඟම මැයි 22 ජනරජ දිනය පැවැත්වීමද නතර කරණලදී. මේ වූ කලී සමාව දිය නොහැකි දේශපාලන කුහකකමකි. රටට හා ජාතියට කරණලද නින්දාවකි.එසේම ලජ්ජා විරහිතව රට ජාතිය පාවා දීමකි. එහෙත් එම රජයද ජනරජය යන නාමය හා ජනාධිපති  තනතුරද වෙනස් නොකොට දිගටම භාවිතා කිරීම ගැන අපි සතුටු වෙමු.

1972 මැයි 22 ජනරජ ව්‍යවස්ථාව යනු මේ රටේ වසර 2566 ක දේශපාල ඉතිහාශයේ ඉතා වැදගත් අයිතිහාසික ලේඛණයකි. එසේම එය ලන්කා ඉතිහාසයේ රාජ්‍ය විචාරණය පිලිබඳ රන් අකුරෙන් ලියා තැබිය යුතු පුස්ථකයකි.මහාවන්ශයේ සුවිෂේශී පරිච්චේධයකි.මන්ද 1815 ආරම්භවූ බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය යටත්විජිත පාලනයෙන් වසර 157 කට (ලන්කා ඉතිහාසයේ දීර්ගතම විදේශ පාලනය) පසු මේ රට සැබෑ නිදහස් රාජ්‍යයක් බවට පත්වූයේ එදින වන බැවිනි.

1948 බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයෙන් මේ රටට නිදහස ලැබුණා කීම අයිතිහාසික බොරුවකි.මන්ද 1948 ඇත්තවෂයෙන්ම සිදුවූයේ එන්ගලන්තයේ සුද්දන් විසින් ඔවුන්ගේ රාජ්‍ය විචාරණය අනුව, එන්ගලන්තය වෙනුවෙන් මේ රට පාලනය කිරීම සඳහා අසරුවන් මාරු කිරීම පමණි. ඔවුන් උරුමකොට දී ගිය දේශපාලන ආයතනවල නම්,පාලකයින්ගේ තනතුරු, පාර්ලිමෙන්තුවේ වැඩ කටයුතු ක්‍රියාත්මක් වූ ආකාරය, ඒ සඳහා යොදාගත් භාෂාව, නීති රීති හා සම්ප්‍රදායන් සියල්ලම 1972 මැයි 22 වන තුරුම භාවිතා වූයේ එන්ගලතයේ පිලිවෙලටමය.

1972 කේ සිදු වූ වෙනසත් සමඟම ලක් රජය, ශ්‍රී ලන්කා ජනරජය විය. පාර්ලිමේන්තුව ජාතික රාජ්‍ය සභාව විය. අග්‍ර ආණ්ඩුකාරයා ජනාධිපති වීය. රජයක මූලික අන්ග තුනවන ව්‍යවස්ථාදායක, විධායක සහ අධිකරණ යන තුනම ලන්කා  රජය යටතට පත්විය. ජන රජය ස්වෛරී විය. ස්වෛරී බලය ලක්වැසියන් අතට පත්විය.ඒ අනුව 1972 වන තුරුම පැවති බ්‍රතාන්‍ය අධිරාජ්‍යයේ බලපෑමද අවසන් විය.  බ්‍රතාන්‍ය රජයට තිබුණු ව්‍යවස්ථාමය බැඳීම් සියල්ලගෙන් පූර්ණ නිදහස ලැබුණේද ඉන් පසුවය.1972 දී මේ රට ස්වාධීන ස්වෛරී අභිමානවත් රාජ්‍යයක් වූයේ ඒ අයුරිනි.

 1948 නිදහසක් ලැබූ බව කිවද  ඉහතින් දැක්වූ පරිදි ඇත්ත වෂයෙන්ම පූර්ණ නිදහස් රටක් බවට මේ රට පත්වූයේ 1972 මැයි 22 දාය.

1948 පෙබ් 4 වන දින එවැනි ආශ්චර්‍යක් සිදු වී නැත. එදින සිදුවූ එකම දෙය නම් 1815 මාර්තු 2 දා සිට අපගේ රට යටත්කොටගෙන සිටි බ්‍රතාන්‍ය අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීන් ඔවුන්ගේ රිජු පාලනය ඉවත්කොටගෙන ඔවුන් විසින්ම තෝරාගත්, ඔවුන්ගේම නියෝජිතයින්වූ කළුසුද්දන් පිරිසකට, ඔවුන්ගේම පාලන ක්‍රමය ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීම සඳහා භාරදී මේ රටේ රට වැසියන්  සින්හල, දෙමළ, මුස්ලිම් ජාති වෂයෙන් බෙදා, බහුජාතික, බහුආගමික සහ බහුවාර්ගික වෂයෙන් ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ 29 වන වගන්තියෙන්ම බෙදා, මේ රට අවුල් ජාලයක් කොට මේ රටෙන් ශාරීරිකව පිටවී යාම පමණි. ඔවුන්ගේ නිර්වචනයේ හැටියට උඩරට සින්හලයින් සහ පහත රට සින්හලයින්ද ජාති දෙකකි.

1972 න් පසු දැන් අපි නිදහස්, නිවහල් ස්වාධීන රටකි.එම නිසා තවදුරටත් යටත් විජිත වැසියන් වශයෙන් හා නිවටුන් මෙන් ක්‍රියා නොකොට අධිරාජ්‍යවාදී වහල් මානසිකත්වයෙන් දැන්වත් මිදී මේ වසරේ සිට හෝ, යලිත් මැයි 22 ජාතික ජනරජ දිනය සහ නිදහස් දිනය වෂයෙන් නම්කොට ලබන මැයි මස 22 දිනට එම ජාතික උත්සවය පවත්වන මෙන් මම ඔබ තුමාගෙන් දේශප්‍රේමයෙන් හා ගෞරවයෙන් ඉල්ලා සිටිමි. 

එසේ කීරීමෙන් 1978 සිට අවුරුදු 46 ක් පුරා මේ දක්වා සිටි සියළුම රාජ්‍ය නායකයින් විසින්  සිදුකළ වරදක් නිවැරැදි කිරීමේ සම්පූර්ණ ජනතා ගෞරවය සහ ප්‍රශන්සාව අනිවාර්‍යෙන්ම ඔබතුමාට හිමිවණු ඇත. තවද එවැනි ජනතා අභිලාෂයක් මේ අවස්ථාවේදි ඉටුකිරීම ඔබ තුමාගේ ඉදිරි වැඩ කටයුතුවලටද ආශිර්වාදයක් වණු නොඅණුමානය. අනිවාර්‍යෙන්ම එය සියළුම ජාති හිතෛෂි දේෂප්‍රේමින්ගේ ගෞරවයටද හේතුවණු ඇත.

ඒ සමඟම 1978 ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ අන්ක 8 යටතේ මේ රටේ ජාතික දිනය වශයෙන් ව්‍යවස්ථාගතකොට ඇති පෙබ 4 පරිච්චින්න කොට ඒ වෙනුවට පොසොන් දෙපෝය මේ රටේ සහ ජාතියේ ජාතික දිනය වශයෙන් නම්කොට ව්‍යවස්ථා ගතකරණ මෙන්ද මම ඔබ තුමාගෙන් ඉල්ලාසිටිමි. මා එසේ ඉල්ලා සිටිණුයේ මේ රටේ සින්හල බෞද්ධ ජාතියේ උපත සිදුවූයේ, කිතු වසින් පෙර 307 වන වසේ එදින සිදුවූ අසිරිමත් මහින්දාගමනයත් සමඟ බැවිනි.එසේ කළහොත් පොසොන් දෙපෝය මේ රටේ ජාතික දිනය වෂයෙන් ප්‍රකාශකළ රාජ්‍ය නායකයා වෂයෙන් ඔබ තුමා ඉතිහාස ගතවණු ඇත.

මෙම යෝජනා දෙකම මැයි දින රැළියේදී ජාතියට ප්‍රකාශ කරන මෙන්ද මම යෝජනා කරමි. එවිට ඉන් පළමුවැන්න මැයි 22 දිනත් දෙවැන්න ජූනි 21 සහ 22ත් ක්‍රියාත්මක් කොට මාස 2 ක් වැනි කෙටි කාලයක් තුල ඔබ තුමාගේ මුළු දේශපාලන ජීවිත කාලය තුලම ලබා ගැනීමට නොහැකිවූ අති විශාල සින්හල බෞද්ධ ප්‍රසාධයක් ඔබතුමාට ලබාගත හැකිවනවා නියතයි.

නව වසරේ ඔබ තුමාගේ සියළු ප්‍රාර්ථනා සඵලවේවායිද ප්‍රාර්ථනා කරමි!

මෙයට විස්වාශිවූ,

දේශමාන්‍ය ආචාර්‍ය සුදත් ගුණසේකර. අග්‍රාමාත්‍ය සිරිමාවෝ බන්ඩාරනායක      මැතිනියගේ හිටපු ලේකම් සහ ශ්‍රී ලන්කා පරිපාලන සේවා සන්ගමයේ සභාපති (1991-1994)

ගෝලිය ඒකාබද්ධ ජාතික සංවිධාන මඟින් කරනු ලබන ආයාචනයයි

April 17th, 2024

ගෝලිය ඒකාබද්ධ ජාතික සංවිධාන

ශ්‍රී ලකාවේ යෝජිත අධ්‍යාපන ප්‍රතිපත්තිය තුළ මවු භාෂා
භාවිතයේ වැදගත්කම පිළිබඳව සැලකිිමත් වී නැති බැවින් අපගේ
අනාගත පරපුරේ දැනුම් උකහාගැනීමේ හැකියාව සහ
ආත්මාභිමානය ප්‍රවර්ධනය පිළිබඳව සිදුවිය හැකි අඩාල වීම සහ,
එ් ඔස්සේ සිංහල භාෂාව මළ භාෂාවක් බවට තල්ලු වී යාමේ
ඇති දැඩි අවදානම

ශ්‍රී ලංකා ආණ්ඩුව විසින් සැප්තැම්බර් 23 දාතමින් ඉදිරිපත් කරනු
ලැබ ඇති ජාතික අධ්‍යාපන ප්‍රතිපත්ති රාමුව හා ඒ සඳහා වූ ධවල
පත්‍රිකාව තුළ පාසල් අධ්‍යාපන මාධ්‍යය ඉංගිරිසියට හැරවීම සඳහා
යෝජනා කරනු ලැබ ඇති අතර මාතෘ භාෂාවන්ගෙන් අධ්‍යාපනය
ලැබීමේ වැදගත්කම අමතක කර ඇති බව පෙනී යයි. මේ අතර,
විපක්ෂ නායක සංජිත් ප්‍රේමදාස මහතා ද ප්‍රසිද්ධියේ ප්‍රකාශ කර
ඇත්තේ අධ්‍යාපනයේ මුල් වසරවලදී පටන් ඉංගිරිසි මාධ්‍යයෙන්
සියලු පාසල්වල අධ්‍යාපනය ලබා දීමට තම රජයක් තුළ පියවර
ගන්නා බවයි. ශ්‍රී ලාංකික ජනතාව අතර බහුතරයක මවුබස වන
සිංහල භාෂාව අධ්‍යාපන මාධ්‍යයෙන් ඉවත් කිරීම පිණිස දැරෙන බව
පෙනෙන මෙම ප්‍රයත්නය පිළිබඳව සහ එවැනි පිළිවෙතකින් ජනනය
විය හැකි බව පෙනෙන ජාතිකමය අවදානම් පිළිබඳව පහත අත්සන්
කරන අප සංවිධානයන් හි සුවිශේෂී අවධානය යොමු වී ඇත.
එක්සත් ජාතීන් ගේ සංවිධානය සහ යුනෙස්කෝ පවා පිළිගෙන ඇති
අධ්‍යාපන මූලධර්මයක් වන්නේ මූලික වසර වලදී පටන් මවු
භාෂාවෙන් දරුවන්ට පාසල් අධ්‍යාපනය ලබා දිය යුතු බවයි. ඒ
මූලධර්මය පහත දැක්වෙන ප්‍රකාශයෙන් මනාව පිළිබිඹු වෙයි :
ගුණාත්මක අධ්‍යාපනයක් සහ සමාජ අන්තර්ග්‍රහණය තහවුරු කිරීම සඳහා මවු
භාෂාවෙන් අධ්‍යාපනය ලබා දීම ඉතා තීරණාත්මක සාධකයක් බව පර්යේෂණ
ප්‍රතිඵල වලින් පෙන්නුම් කෙරෙයි. තව ද, මාතෘ භාෂාවෙන් අධ්‍යාපනය ලැබීමෙන්
ඉගෙනුම් ප්‍රතිඵල මෙන් ම අධ්‍යයන කාර්යසාධනය ද ඉහළ නැංවෙන බව ද ඒ
පර්යේෂණවලින් නිරීක්ෂණය වෙයි. ප්‍රාථමික පාසල්වල මේ සාධකය වඩාත් වැදගත්
වන්නේ දැනුම් හිදැස් වළැක්වීම පිණිස සහ දැනුම ලබා ගැනීමේ මෙන්ම වටහාගැනීමේ
වේගය ඉහළ නැංවීම උදෙසා වැදගත් පිටිවහලක් මාතෘ භාෂාවෙන් අධ්‍යාපනය ලබා
දීමෙන් ලැබෙන බැවිනි. මේ සියල්ලටමත් වඩා සුවිශේෂී මෙහෙවර වන්නේ සමාජයේ
පූර්ණ වශයෙන් ක්‍රියාකාරී වීමට අවශ්‍ය බලගැන්වීම මවු භාෂාවෙන් ලැබ ගන්නා
අධ්‍යාපනය ඔස්සේ සියලු සිසුනට ලැබීමයි. ඒ තුළින් අන්‍යෝන්‍ය අවබෝධය සහ

එකිනෙකාට ගරු කිරීම ප්‍රවර්ධනය කෙරෙයි. තව ද, ලෝකයේ ඇති සෑම භාෂාවක් තුළම
කා වැද්දී ඇති සංස්කෘතික හා පෞරාණික උරඅමයන් හි වත්කම් සංරක්ෂණයට ද ඒ තුළින්
මඟ පෑදෙයි. එ සේ වුව ද, වඩ වඩාත් අවදානම්කාරී වේගයෙන් භාෂාවන් අතුරුදහන්වීමේ
ප්‍රවණතාව නිසා මේ වන විට භාෂා බහුත්වය අභියෝගයට ලත් වී ඇත. යම් භාෂාවක්
අතුරුදහන් වන්නේ නම් එසේ වන්නේ සමස්ත සංස්කෘතික හා බුද්ධිමය උරුම පද්ධතියක් ඒ
සමඟම අභාවයට යවමිනි.”
අපගේ දුවා දරුවන්ට ඉංගිරිසි භාෂාව හැසිරවීමේ ප්‍රවීණත්වයක්
ලබා දිය යුතු බවට විවාදයක් නැත. ඊට අමතරව, දෙමළ දරුවන්ට
සිංහල හා සිංහල දරුවන්ට දෙමළ වැහැරීමේ හැකියාව ද, වෙනත්
විදේශ භාෂා ඉගෙනගැනීමේ අවස්ථා ද ලබා දීම වැදගත් ය.
විශේෂයෙන් ඉංගිරිසි භාෂා ප්‍රවීණත්වය සැලකීමේ දී, පාසලේ අවම
වශයෙන් වසර නවයක් හෝ දහයක් පුරාවට අනිවාර්ය විෂයක්
ලෙස ඉංගිරිසි ඉගැන්වුව ද ඒ භාෂාවේ ප්‍රවීණත්වය දරුවන්ට ලබා
දීමට අපේ පාසල් අධ්‍යාපන පද්ධතිය සමත් වී නැති නම් ඒ කවර
දුර්වලතා නිසා දැයි සොයා බලා ඒවාට පිළියම් යෙදීම
අධ්‍යාපනඥයන් ගේ හා ප්‍රතිපත්ති තීරකයන් ගේ වගකීමකි. එසේ
නොකර, ඉංගිරිසි භාෂා ව්‍යවහාර හැකියාව දියුණු කිරීමට සිතා
විෂය ඉගැන්වීම ඉංගිරිසි මාධ්‍යයට හැරවීමට කැස කවන්නේ නම්
එය රෝග මූලය ඇති තැනට නොව වෙනත් තැනකට ශල්‍ය
කර්මයක් කිරීමට තැත් කිරීම වැනි නිෂ්ඵල මෙන් ම විනාශකාරී
ප්‍රතිවිපාක දිය හැකි ක්‍රියාවකි.
අපි දැන් අපගේ මාතෘ භාෂාව වන සිංහල පිළිබඳව සලකා බලමු.
සිංහලය එහි නූතනයේ පවත්නා ඉහළ මට්ටමට අනුවර්තනය
වූයේ සියවස් තුනකටත් අධික කාලයක් තිස්සේ අප ගේ රට හා
ජාතිය මුහුණ පෑ විවිධ සංස්කෘතික බලපෑම් නිසි ලෙස
අන්තර්ග්‍රහණය කරමිනි. එය ඉතා ඉහළ මට්ටමේ අදහස්
පැහැදිලිකිරීමේ හැකියාවක් සඳහා අවශ්‍ය වූ පොහොසත් හා
නම්‍යශීලී ගතිලක්ෂණ සහ සාරවත් ව්‍යාකරණයක් සහිත ව්‍යක්ත
භාෂාවකි. තව ද, සංකීර්ණ වචන තාර්කිකව උච්චාරණය කිරීමට
ඉවහල් වන්නා වූ ඉතා අලංකාර අක්ෂර මාලාවක් සහිත භාෂාවන්
අතරින් එකකි.
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ශිෂ්ටාචාරයේ පදනමට ඇති ඍජු සම්බන්ධය ලෙස
පවතින්නේ දිවයිනේ බහුතර ජනතාවක ගේ මවුබස වන සිංහල
භාෂාව වීම විශේෂ අවධානයට ලක් විය යුතු කරුණකි. එ සේ වූ
සිංහල භාෂා භාවිතය අධ්‍යාපන මාධ්‍යයෙන් ඉවත් කිරීමට කෙරෙන

යෝජනාව මවු බසට සමාජයේ ඇති වැදගත් ස්ථානය විනාශ
කරමින් අපේ අනාගත පරපුර ජාතියේ සංස්කෘතිය, කලාවන්,
සාහිත්‍යය, හා බුද්ධ ධර්මය ඉගෙනීමෙන් බැහැර කිරීමට පමණක්
නොව අප ශිෂ්ටාචාරයේ මුදුන් මුල් උදුරා දැමීමට හිතාමතා දරනු
ලබන ප්‍රයත්නයක් බව අපගේ නිරීක්ෂණයයි.
අප විසින් මතු කරන ලද මෙම අවදානම්කාරී ප්‍රවණතාව කෙරෙහි
සුවිශේෂී සහ කඩිනම් අවධානය යොමු කර සිංහල භාෂාව ප්‍රාථමික
අධ්‍යාපනයේ පටන් තෘතීයික මට්ටමේ අධ්‍යාපනය තෙක් සියලු
කටයුතුවල ඉගැන්වීම් කටයුතුවල භාෂා මාධ්‍යය ලෙස තව දුරටත්
පවත්වාගෙන යාම තහවුරු කිරීමට අවශ්‍ය පියවර ගන්නා ලෙස
සිංහල කථාකරන සංවිධාන අතරින් කිහිපයක් වන අපි ගරුතර
මහා සංඝරත්නයෙන්, ජනාධිපතිවරයා, අගමැතිවරයා,
අමාත්‍යමණ්ඩලය, විපක්ෂ නායකවරයා, පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රීන් සහ
සියලු දේශපාලන හා සමාජ සංවිධානවලින් ඉතා අවධාරණයෙන්
ඉල්ලා සිටිමු.
අත්සන් කළේ –
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සාමය, ඒකීයත්වය හා මානව හිමිකම් සඳහා වූ
සංගමය – වික්ටෝරියා
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සාමය, ඒකීයත්වය හා මානව හිමිකම් සඳහා වූ
සංගමය – නිව් සවුත් වේල්ස්
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සාමය, ඒකීයත්වය හා මානව හිමිකම් සඳහා වූ
සංගමය – ක්වීන්ස්ලන්ඩ්
ඔස්ට්‍රේලියාවේ සිංහල සංස්කෘතික සංගමය
සීහලේ ලෝක උරුම පදනම – ලන්ඩන්
තවලම සංවර්ධන පදනම – කොළඹ
අරණ විහාර පදනම – කොළඹ

Privatization of Public Enterprises.

April 17th, 2024

Sugath Kulatunga

A strident cry we hear now from goverment politicians and economic pundits is that State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) must be privatized to make them efficient and profitable and ease the burden of losses to the state. Majority of them think that a wave of the majic wand of privatization will turn the white elephants to cash cows. Historically in Sri Lanka, SOEs have made a significant contribution to industrial development, employment creation and providing essential services. Before 1977 many SOEs came into existence out of a nationalization wave born out of compulsions of state control or to fill a gap in the production of essential goods or services. Other than Corporations established under specific Acts, SOEs were formed under the Government Sponsored Corporations Act No. 19 of 1955 and the State Industrial Corporations Act No. 49 of 1957. As of now it is estimated that there are 527 SOEs.

Economic analysts presently take a more balanced view of its effectiveness (of privatization). Few dispute the positive results of privatization of firms operating in competitive, or potentially competitive markets, but experience has yielded a deeper understanding of the complexities of implementing the policy, especially in infrastructure sectors such as electricity, railways or water and sewerage, and particularly in lower-income, less developed economies. There is a greater recognition that privatization needs to take place in a supportive institutional and policy framework if it is to live up to its potential; and there is a better realization of the socio-political challenges that inevitably accompany this always contentious activity. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1999098

Privatization should not lead to monopolies and if it leads beyond the institutional and professional capacity of the private sector it will be counterproductive.

If some of the many SOEs which do not make an elemental contribution to the economy or provide an essential service, a selective and judicious privatization is justified. But when one looks at the past privatization episodes in Sri Lanka one shudder to think of the consequences. Privatization became a fetish during the JR regime on political grounds and more as an opportunity for politicians to enrich themselves and their henchman. A reputed economist and the head of the prestigious Institute of Policy Studies, late Dr. Saman Kelegama 2001 cites a case where in Sri Lanka an SOE valued at US $100 million was sold at only US $7 million on the ground that the government only wanted to get the privatization policy itself moving.” In many episodes the buyer of SOEs did not continue operating the SOE but sold the machinery for scrap like in the case of Kantale Sugar. A similar tragedy happened with the Werehara workshop of the CTB which was considered one of the best equipped and efficient workshops in South Asia. One cannot recall a single privatized SOE during this period operating more efficiently and profitably. Most of them are cannibalised or nonexistent. 

During the regime of Chandrika Bandaranayake Kumaratunga (CBK) selling of the family silver in the way of selling off SOEs was the easy way to balance the budget. Fortunately, the Supreme Court found that some of those deals in the sale of valuable national assets were illegal and restored them back to the State. In addition,CBK was fined and her accomplish the Secretary of Finance was banned from the public service. The bigger crime of the pair was the selling back to Prima Flour Mill for a pittance an asset that was to be handed over to Sri Lanka on the terms of the BOT agreement. As a result, the country has lost its grip on food security.

It cannot be denied that behind the economic rationale on privatization is a lurking ideological pollical obsession which prevents these advocates to examine the issue in depth and consider alternate strategies. Firstly, it must be accepted that it is not the ownership but the management of an institution which is of paramount importance for its success. Secondly all SOEs cannot be put into one basket. Some deal with the ‘commanding heights’ of the economy and are of strategic importance, some are purely commercial and others noncommercial. It is also important to gain from the lessons of past experience of Sri Lanka and the knowledge of international insights in privatization.

 Even after several episodes of privatization it is reported that Sri Lanka as of now has 527 state-owned enterprises which could be categorized under: 55 Strategic SOEs, 287 SOEs with commercial interests, and 185 SOEs with non-commercial interests. (Advocata)

 The typical criticism of SOEs is that they are not profitable as they are not free to determine the price of their products or services. While it is important to maintain a cost reflective pricing mechanism in SOEs it has to be conceded that SOEs have to strike a fine balance between helping the Government achieve its socioeconomic objectives while ensuring the enterprise’s financial viability. This challenge stems from the engagement of SOEs in the provisioning of essential products and services, which are sometimes not commercially viable; for instance, the provision of public transport to rural communities or electricity in geographically challenging areas such as in mountainous regions.” CBSL.

Without rushing into a frenzied bout of privatization it would be useful to learn from the experience of privatization in the past in Sri Lanka and abroad. Before resorting to surgery, it is essential to diagnose the malady. The problems of SOEs arise from three sources i.e., political interference, poor systems, and bad management. Political interference can be curtailed by law that the Minister is made to issue instruction only on policy and that too made in writing through the secretary of the ministry who is the chief accounting officer. All other interventions should be considered as illegal. Political interference occurs mainly on recruitment where Ministers insist on their list of candidates. It would be necessary to introduce a Public Enterprise Service Commission   parallel to the Public Service Commission vested with similar powers and functions. Even Provincial Councils have their independent Public Service Commissions.

With regard to systems, we need not invent new systems when we have a functional system in our public service tested over at least 74 years since independence. The Financial Regulations and Establishment code of the public service are updated only on rare occasions when necessary. Export Development Board at its first Board Meeting decided that the EDB will follow the Financial and Establishment rules of the government and any deviations necessary will be dealt with by the Board. The EDB dipensed with significant amount of funds in grants and financial assistance schemes and has had no deviations necessary and has had no audit queries. The critics of government rules are those who neglect forward planning or create emergencies with dishonest intentions. Deviations from FRs are allowed when reasons are adduced justifying the need for such deviation. In government departments even in ‘profit and loss’ accounts, annual accounts are finalized unfailingly on the 31st of December. But in the case of SOEs most of them do not even submit their accounts for several years.

Efficient management is the key to success of any enterprise in the public sector or in the private sector. A good management can set up a new organization and introduce an untested system effectively. A good example is the CTB where with nationalization a brand-new system had to be set up to operate a massive island wide organization. This was accomplished by a handful of administrators seconded from the civil service. Until the CTB became the employment exchange of politicians it was run efficiently providing an essential service and making profit. In fact, in 1964 the CTB paid a significant dividend to the Treasury.

Before privatization of an SOE it would be useful to examine the original objectives of establishing the particular entity. For instance, the CWE was for wholesale trade and to serve the cooperative sector. But one government stopped the CWE engaging in wholesale trade. Now CWE is focusing on retail trade. CWE should compete with the import trade mafia controlling the price of major commodities like sugar. State Trading Company was mainly to deal with restricted imports. STC could become a center for information on import trade serving the private sector. There are small SOEs which can be merged. There are others which only act as middlemen or conduits. They can be eliminated. If the original objectives of the establishment of the SOE has no validity the SOE should be scrapped.

Reckoning a chairman and a managing director for each SOE, the 573 SOEs would consist of over 1100 personnel. At present these individuals are picked on an ad hoc basis where political loyalty becomes the dominant criterion. Most of these henchmen have no long-term interest in the success of the enterprise and would only be keen to please the minister and would stoop to corrupt practices. With over 550 SOEs there is a need for a special cadre of around 1000 top managers to run these entities. This number exceeds the cadre in SLAS Special Class and Class 1 which at present is around 700. This cadre should be professionals seconded from the management cadres of the Public Service or selected out of present holders in the SOEs. Both officers on secondment and inservice personal should be absorbed through an examination and interview by the proposed Public Enterprise Service Commission. SOE service may  be structured in two or three grades. All holders of SOE posts should be given a high-level training in business management. Their salaries should not exceed the salaries of the parallel SLAS grades but they should be entitled to profit sharing. The posting of individuals into specific posts should be based on the needs of the job description of each post.

The feasibility of forming a holding company for say 10 of the most strategic SOEs on the model of Temasek of Singapore and SASAC of China should be considered. This should have the independence of business policy and operations similar to what is already enjoyed by the Port City.

Privatization decisions are of national importance and should be done carefully. All such decisions must be approved by the Parliament to avoid CBK type scams.

There are three key motives for privatization of SOEs. They work independently or frequently in unison. Economic rationale is the first and is relevant to loss making enterprises. Privatization is also resorted for private gain. There are many examples of such cases during the time of JR and CBK. Of course the justification is all that is done under economic compulsion. The third reason is ideological and followed religiously out of a belief in a particular politico-economic dogma.

The mass privatization of Public enterprises in UK by Thatcher was the best example of compulsive action. Thatcher stated that Privatization… was fundamental to improving Britain’s economic performance. But for me it was also far more than that: it was one of the central means of reversing the corrosive and corrupting effects of socialism…….. Just as nationalization was at the heart of the collectivist programme by which Labour Governments sought to remodel British society, so privatization is at the centre of any programme of reclaiming territory for freedom.’ (Thatcher, 1993).

She was influenced by the economic theory of monetarism, notably put forward by Friedrich Hayek‘s The Constitution of Liberty/

On the occasion of the 25th anniversary of Thatcher’s 1979 election victory the BBC reported that Together with US presidents Reagan and Bush, she helped bring about the end of the Cold War. But her 11-year premiership was also marked by social unrest, industrial strife and high unemployment.” Her critics claim British society is still feeling the effect of her divisive economic policies and the culture of greed and selfishness they allegedly promoted. We too suffer from that culture of greed and selfishness propagated in the free market policies of 1977.

Critics of Thatcherism claimed that its successes were obtained only at the expense of great social costs to the British population. There were nearly 3.3 million unemployed in Britain in 1984, compared to 1.5 million when she first came to power in 1979.

The public is made to believe that this policy is guided by the directions of the IMF. The Letter of Intent signed by the Presdent and the Governor of the Central Bank sums up what we have agreed with the IMF. There is no doubt it is impelled by the IMF Staff. The following is all that the IMF poposes and we have agreed on SOE reforms

Article13. Structural reforms are needed to strengthen the governance of SOEs and make them financially viable. To strengthen the governance of SOEs and enhance their financial transparency, we will:

  • clarify the mandates of key SOEs through Statements of Corporate Intent and hold their management accountable for delivering satisfactory results informed by key performance indicators;
  • (ii) review the framework for selecting SOE board members to ensure that they are qualified and independent; and (iii) ensure that all 52 major SOEs publish their audited financial statements, which could be accessed on a dedicated website. For 2021, 33 SOEs have so far published audited financial statements for 2021. We will ensure that the remaining 19 major SOEs will also publish audited financial statements for 2021 and that audited financial statements for 2022 will be published by end-June 2023.”

Why then is the President keen on privatizing even the profit making and strategical vital public enterprises. If the rationale is economic the IMF would have made it a condition. RW has been Mr. Clean other than the allegation of complicity in the Arjuna Mahendran Bond scam. A good guess is it is due to the Mont Pellerin Society dogma which is his guiding principle. RW was an active member of the Mont Pellerin Society (MPS) and even organized one of its meetings in Sri Lanka. The Neo Liberal ideology of MPS postulates that the elimination of state interventions in economic and social activities and the deregulation of labor and financial markets, as well as of commerce and investments is the panacea to resolve all economic and social problems of all nations. Thatcherism experience is relevant to the present attempt to privatise SOEs in Sri Lanka.

The presumption is that like Thatcher, RW is afflicted with the Mont Pellerin sickness and the canker of acute anti socialism and is determined to rescind all vestiges of substructures of socialism.

Sugath Kulatunga

For the defenders of Israel’s war on Gaza, the game is up

April 17th, 2024

By David Hearst

Zionism wants large war to cover the Genocide, and the West needs World War 3 to stall the BRICS and Rise of the Global South in the Asian 21st Century

Staunch allies calling themselves friends of Israel are beginning to realise they are also friends of the murderers of western aid workers, friends of genocide and friends of fascism

Six months on, the entire edifice that allowed Israeli forces to kill more than 33,000 Palestinians and wound another 75,000, displace a population of over 2.3 million and then starve them, demolish the north of Gaza, dismantle the health service and signal that it would do the same in Rafah for the next six months, is tumbling down.

Political leaders who framed this carnage as Israel’s right to defend itself, journalists who peddled fictional horror stories about beheaded babies and mass rape on 7 October, and editors who day in, day out ignored stories about aid convoys being targeted by Israeli forces are rushing for cover.

All the arguments they used to maintain this slaughter are crumbling in their hands – that this is a just war, that Israel must be allowed to finish the job, that the action taken is proportionate, that the legal process in the International Court of Justice hinders peace talks and can be ignored, that the UK and US can simultaneously admonish Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and continue to arm him.

The dam has burst. The Foreign Secretary Lord Cameron can no longer play cat and mouse with Foreign Affairs Select Committee chair Alicia Kearns, who revealed a few days ago that government lawyers knew that Israel had breached international humanitarian law.

More than 600 prominent lawyers, academics and former judges, including former Supreme Court president Lady Hale and two other former justices in the court, signed a letter warning the UK government that it was breaching international law by continuing to arm Israel.

Former Foreign Office minister Sir Alan Duncan asked how could Israel still be considered an ally of the UK, and called for its chief supporters Lord Polak, Lord Pickles and Tom Tugendhat, to be held to account for their support for Israel.

I think that anything in support of what is becoming a total catastrophe in Gaza is morally unacceptable and what we have to accept is it’s not just what they’re doing now is wrong – it’s what Israel has been doing for years has been wrong because the Israeli Defence Force does not follow international law,” he told LBC.

It has been backing and supporting illegal settlers in the West Bank who steal Palestinian land and it is that land theft, that annexation of Palestine, which is the origin of the problem, which has given rise to the Hamas atrocity and the battles we’re seeing.”

Tipped over the edge

The mood is indeed changing. A poll conducted by YouGov found that 56 percent of UK voters are now in favour of a ban on the export of arms and spare parts, with 59 percent saying Israel was violating human rights in Gaza.

The poll found strong support for an arms export ban among voters intending to vote Labour at the next election. An overwhelming 71 percent to nine percent of those intending to vote Labour backed an arms export ban, while Lib Dem voters supported a ban by 70 percent to 14 percent and Conservative voters by 38 percent to 36 percent.

Asked if Israel was violating human rights, Tory voters by two to one said Israel was doing so. Duncan was voicing the mood of his party.

Cameron has been flushed out into the open. He has to choose: admit that the government is indeed in breach of international law, and could be prosecuted as such – including him personally – or stop the arms trade.

The letter is not the work of pro-Palestinian activists. It’s the cream of the legal establishment speaking, figures such as the former Supreme Court justices Lord Sumption and Lord Wilson, the former lord justices of appeal Sir Richard Aikens, Sir Anthony Hooper, Sir Alan Moses and Sir Stephen Sedley.

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Founders and partners of top law firms in the UK as well as professors from the University of Oxford, London School of Economics and King’s College London are included.

And what exactly tipped everyone over the edge this week? What tipped the Israel-supporting tabloids to turn on it?

A lot had happened on Monday 1 April before that attack on the World Central Kitchen (WCK) convoy. And little of it ruffled any feathers.

The morning broke with the withdrawal of Israeli forces besieging al-Shifa hospital, leaving the hospital in ruins and a large pile of bodies behind. The Israeli army congratulated themselves on a textbook operation.

Amazing battlefield achievement,” proclaimed former prime minister and special forces commander, Naftali Bennett, on X (formerly Twitter). The results are remarkable: 6,000 civilians were evacuated by the IDF to keep them safe. 200 Hamas terrorists were killed. 500 Hamas terrorists have been captured.  *No civilian was killed*. Not one.”

This was not the experience of Dr Amina al-Safadi, who was given hours to move patients out of her department. Of them, 16 patients in intensive care died.

On the second day they forced us to move all patients from where we were, the orthopedic department in building four to the reception area and they gave us a set time,” she said. A lot of them died. They were in intensive care and we couldn’t do anything for them.

Three days ago they gave us these wristbands. They said they’re for the snipers and anyone leaving the building without them will be targeted.”

Nor was it the experience of Rafik, an emaciated, skeletal youth who could barely lift his head.

They tortured us there. There was no food or water,” he said. We stayed without food or water for five days. We were dying. We lived in agony. There were no dressings for our wounds. There was no food. I can’t take it anymore.”

Patients, doctors, and even the dead, whose corpses were dug up by bulldozers, were all the same to the besiegers, who left a wasteland behind them.

Two of Gaza’s most respected doctors, mother and son, were among the dead. Ahmad al-Maqadmeh, a Palestinian plastic surgeon in his early 30s, and his mother, Yusra al-Maqadmeh, a general practitioner, were found alongside the corpse of their cousin Bassem al-Maqadmeh at the roundabout next to the Carrefour Mall in Gaza City, a short walk from al-Shifa.

Had they been shot by snipers? A Palestinian mother was overwhelmed by the devastation. All she wanted was to find the body of her son.

Please find out where he is,” she addressed everyone around her. Where, dear God? Please help me find him. I want to gather his bones. I don’t want to leave him here. Please find him, I beg you.”

Al-Shifa was once the largest hospital in the occupied territories. It catered for 30 percent of the needs of Gaza. It is no more. If the plan all along was to make Gaza uninhabitable, the destruction of al-Shifa was indispensable to that project.

That was just the morning news on Monday. Much more was to follow.

Another red line crossed

As if to rub out the record of such horrifying scenes, Netanyahu pledged to shut down the regional office of Al Jazeera.

This was another nail in the coffin of a negotiated peace. Israeli officials have until now stopped short of taking action against the jewel in Qatar’s crown, mindful of Qatar’s role in funding construction projects in Gaza and its part in the negotiations with the political wing of Hamas, whose leadership it houses.

Al Jazeera, several of whose journalists have been deliberately killed by the Israeli army in Gaza, rejected the accusation that it was a threat to Israel’s national security as a dangerous and ridiculous lie”.

But just reporting the truth of what is taking place in Gaza hurts Israel.

Communications Minister Shlomo Karhi accused Al Jazeera of encouraging hostilities against Israel. It is impossible to tolerate a media outlet, with press credentials from the government press office and with offices in Israel, acting from within against us, certainly in wartime,” he said.

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This is how a state that we are constantly told shares our values behaves when push comes to shove. Freedom of expression? Tell that to Shireen Abu Akleh, Samer Abu Daqqa, Hamza al-Dahdouh and countless others who have paid for their reporting with their lives.

Then came the Israeli air strike that destroyed an Iranian consulate building in Damascus, killing Mohammad Reza Zahedi, the second most senior commander in the Iranian Revolutionary Guards to die since then-US President Donald Trump ordered the assassination of Qassem Soleimani.

This time, the US hurriedly told Iran they played no part in Israel’s strike, but the attack marked another red line crossed in hitting an embassy or consulate.

Following the same line that claimed al-Shifa was not a hospital but a command centre for Hamas, an Israeli military spokesperson, Daniel Hagari, told CNN: I repeat, this is no consulate and this is no embassy. This is a military building of Quds forces disguised as a civilian building in Damascus.”

But Israel knew exactly what it had done. And what line it was crossing. It wants to provoke Iran into a war. According to the US State Department, an attack on an embassy is considered an attack on the country it represents.

But Israel also knows it will not use the same logic when a synagogue or Jewish centre is hit by an Iranian proxy in revenge. It will claim no responsibility for putting the lives of Jews around the world in danger. But that is surely what it is doing.

‘Indefensible… horrific’

And then, and only then, came the triple drone strike which killed seven World Central Kitchen aid workers, three of them British.

The front pages in Britain, Canada, Poland and Australia (the home countries of the dead aid workers) reacted in outrage. Even the staunchly pro-Israel the Sun, owned by the Murdoch family’s News UK group, went ballistic.

SBS hero John Chapman and former marine James Henderson were travelling in a clearly marked car, operated by charity World Central Kitchen, when the convoy was struck with three missiles fired by an IDF [Israeli army] drone,” it wrote.

Al Jazeera’s Sanad verification agency said the killings were intentional. Three WCK vehicles were targeted after the group had delivered 100 tonnes of food aid to a warehouse in Deir al-Balah.

The second vehicle was targeted approximately 800 metres away from where the first was hit,” its report read.

The third car was targeted about 1.6km away from the second car, based on its location after being bombed.” The WCK said that their convoy was hit despite coordinating movements” with the Israeli army.

So how was this repeated attack on the convoy different from all the other attacks on Unwra convoys which resulted in hundreds dead and which sparked the siege of al-Shifa?

The only difference is that seven dead aid workers were British, Polish, Australian and Canadian, and that the founder was a celebrity chef.

Nick Ferrari, a presenter on LBC, said: This is indefensible… Every single fact is horrific… from one friend to another, this has to stop.”

But so surely have all the other strikes on aid convoys been indefensible. The only thing that was different this time was the nationality of the people in the cars – all from nations that support the continued war.

Ferrari could have come to the conclusion that Israel’s actions in targeting aid convoys were indefensible from day one of this war and said it on air every day since. What stopped him? Because he describes himself as a friend of Israel. A friend of what, he may well be asking himself?

A friend of apartheid? A friend of genocide? A friend of mass starvation? A friend of settlers setting fire to Arab villages? A friend of religious fanaticism? A friend of fascism?

Biden’s fake indignation

But no reaction can be more inadequate than the fake indignation mouthed by a geriatric incumbent US president seeking re-election.

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Joe Biden has said a bombing campaign on Rafah, where 1.5 million refugees have been corralled, would cross a red line”. He said the attack on the World Central Kitchen convoy, showed that Israel has not done enough to protect” aid convoys, as if it has ever done anything more than bottle up the aid at the borders and bomb its distribution consistently.

Turn down the volume, ignore the statements of concern coming from the White House and State Department, and focus solely on Biden’s actions.

Biden has the power to halt all armaments, including the supply of 2,000lb bombs, or indeed the power to set strict limitations on their use. He has done neither.

He has shown no hesitation in doing this with Ukraine, which is not permitted to fire US-made weapons into Russia. Biden has set no such conditions on Israel.

The opposite is happening. As he publicly speculates on replacing Netanyahu, he is considering selling Israel up to 50 new F15 fighters, 30 Aim-120 advanced medium-range air-to-air missiles, as well as Joint Direct Attack Munition kits, equipment that can change dumb bombs” into precision-guided weapons, as Politico first reported.

The new F-15s aren’t for bombing Gaza. They are for aerial jousts with Iran and its many drones.

What else has Biden done this week? Send Jake Sullivan, his national security adviser, to pressure Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman to sign up to the Abraham Accords.

Contagious mood of revolt

If Biden seriously thinks that amid the mayhem created by Israel’s sixth-month war, a signature on a piece of paper is going to be enough to staunch the revolt that is taking place in Arab hearts from Amman to Morocco, he is even more delusional than the professional president watchers on Capitol Hill think.

The kingdom of Jordan is staring down both barrels of a shotgun, its government unable to decide what to do: face down the rallies that have been rocking Amman for over a week by arresting its organisers and speakers; or praise the protests as an expression of the national mood.

Former Jordanian minister of information, Samih al-Maaytah, speaking to the Saudi channel Al Hadath, has tried to point the finger of blame at Khaled Meshaal, the former head of Hamas’s political wing, who survived an assassination attempt by Mossad in Jordan.

But as Maaytah knows only too well, the protests have become much larger than a mere expression of solidarity with Gaza. They are displays of strength by the clans, in which East Bankers outdo Palestinians in their challenge to the king’s authority.

The mood of revolt is contagious, just as it was at the start of the Arab Spring. The rallies in Amman are echoed by mass demonstrations in Morocco and the syndicates in Cairo. The dictators who suppressed the Arab Spring are worried and have begun giving each other support.

It’s clear what is happening, and what will happen if Israel is allowed to continue this war for another six months.

It takes a lot to admit that a lifelong dream of a homeland for Jews in the Middle East is turning into a nightmare. But for all those who support this venture, that is what is happening.

යෝජිත “අධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ගේ අයිතිවාසිකම් ආරක්ෂා කිරීමේ පනත් කෙටුම්පත” අධිකරණ ඇමතිවරයාට, පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රීවරුන්ට සහ ජනාධිපතිවරයාට….

April 17th, 2024

නීතීඥ අරුණ ලක්සිරි උණවටුන B.Sc(Col), PGDC(Col) සමායෝජක – වෛද්‍ය තිලක පද්මා සුබසිංහ අනුස්මරණ නීති අධ්‍යාපන වැඩසටහන.

අධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ගේ අයිතිවාසිකම් ආරක්ෂා කිරීමේ පනත් කෙටුම්පත

1.මෙම පනත 2024 අංක …. දරන අධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ගේ අයිතිවාසිකම් ආරක්ෂා කිරීමේ පනත යනුවෙන් හදුන්වනු ලැබේ.

2.අධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ට මෙම පනතේ විධිවිධාන අදාල වේ.

3. අධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ට වෙනත් ලිඛිත නීති වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ඇති සාධාරණ නඩු විභාගයකට අදාල නීතිමය ප්‍රතිපාදන, 2024 අංක 8 දරන අධිකරණයකට, විනිශ්චය අධිකාරයකට හෝ ආයතනයකට අපහාස කිරීම පනතේ 15 වන වගන්තිය අභිබවා ක්‍රියාත්මක වන්නේය.

4. අධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ යම් ලිඛිත නීතියක ප්‍රතිපාදන මත කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ව ඒ මත අත්අඩංගුවේ රඳවා  ගැනීමට හෝ රීතියක්  නිකුත් කිරීමට නොහැක්කේය.

5. මෙම පනතේ සිංහල සහ දෙමළ භාෂා පාඨ අතර අනනුකූලතාවයක් ඇතිවුවහොත්, එවිට සිංහල භාෂා පාඨය බලපැවැත්විය යුත්තේය.

යෝජිත අධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ගේ අයිතිවාසිකම් ආරක්ෂා කිරීමේ පනත් කෙටුම්පතේ පිටපතක් ඉහත දැක්වෙන අතර අධිකරණ ඇමතිවරයා හෝ යම් පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රීවරයකු විසින් මෙම පනත් කෙටුම්පත පාර්ලිමේන්තුවට ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලෙස ඉල්ලා සිටින අතර, පාර්ලිමේන්තුව විසින් එය ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කළහොත් ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ 85.2 ව්‍යවස්ථාව යටතේ එය ජනමතවිචාරණයක් මගින් ජනතාව වෙත ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලෙස ඉල්ලා සිටිමි.

යෝජිත……
“අධිකරණ, විනිශ්චය අධිකාර සහ ආයතන ඉදිරියේ කරුණු දක්වන තැනැත්තන්ගේ අයිතිවාසිකම් ආරක්ෂා කිරීමේ පනත් කෙටුම්පත”
අධිකරණ ඇමතිවරයාට, පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රීවරුන්ට සහ ජනාධිපතිවරයාට

http://neethiyalk.blogspot.com/2024/04/blog-post_16.html?m=1


නීතීඥ අරුණ ලක්සිරි උණවටුන B.Sc(Col), PGDC(Col) සමායෝජක – වෛද්‍ය තිලක පද්මා සුබසිංහ අනුස්මරණ නීති අධ්‍යාපන වැඩසටහන.
විද්‍යුත් ලිපිනය arunaunawatuna@gmail.com
දුරකථන 0712063394 

My Berlin speech on Palestine that German police entered the venue to ban – and whose publication here led to my being banned from Germany!

April 17th, 2024

YANIS VAROUFAKIS

Watch/read the speech that I could not deliver because German police burst into our Berlin venue to disband our Palestine Congress (1930s style) before I could address the meeting. Today, because I dared publish this speech here, the Ministry of Interior issued a Betätigungsverbot” against me, a ban on any political activity. Not just a ban on visiting Germany but also from participation via Zoom. Judge for yourselves the kind of society Germany is becoming when its police bans the following words:

Friends,

Congratulations, and heartfelt thanks, for being here, despite the threats, despite the ironclad police outside this venue, despite the panoply of the German press, despite the German state, despite the German political system that demonises you for being here.

Why a Palestinian Congress, Mr Varoufakis?”, a German journalist asked me recently? Because, as Hanan Ashrawi once said: We cannot rely on the silenced to tell us about their suffering.”

Today, Ashrawi’s reason has grown depressingly stronger: Because we cannot rely on the silenced who are also massacred and starved to tell us about the massacres and the starvation.

But there is another reason too: Because a proud, a decent people, the people of Germany, are led down a perilous road to a heartless society by being made to associate themselves with another genocide carried out in their name, with their complicity.

I am neither Jewish nor Palestinian. But I am incredibly proud to be here amongst Jews and Palestinians – to blend my voice for Peace and Universal Human Rights with Jewish Voices for Peace and Universal Human Rights – with Palestinian Voices for Peace and Universal Human Rights. Being together, here, today, is proof that Coexistence is Not Only Possible – but that it is here! Already.

Why not a Jewish Congress, Mr Varoufakis?”, the same German journalist asked me, imagining that he was being smart. I welcomed his question.

For if a single Jew is threatened, anywhere, just because she or he is Jewish, I shall wear the star of David on my lapel and offer my solidarity – whatever the cost, whatever it takes.

So, let’s be clear: If Jews were under attack, anywhere in the world, I would be the first to canvass for a Jewish Congress in which to register our solidarity.

Similarly, when Palestinians are massacred because they are Palestinians – under a dogma that to be dead and Palestinian they must have been… Hamas – I shall wear my keffiyeh and offer my solidarity whatever the cost, whatever it takes.

Universal Human Rights are either universal or they mean nothing.

With this in mind, I answered the German journalist’s question with a few of my own:

My Berlin speech on Palestine that German police entered the venue to ban – and whose publication here led to my being banned from Germany! – Yanis Varoufakis

Eating Cinnamon Has An Unexpected Effect On Your Bones.

April 15th, 2024

BY JENNIFER ANANDANAYAGAM Courtesy Health Digest

The seasons of fall and winter are usually associated with the flavor of cinnamon. Whether it’s homemade cinnamon rolls or cinnamon crumble apple pie, the spicy, sweet, and comforting aroma of this popular spice is something we’ve come to love. 

Historically, cinnamon was considered sacred, with Romans burning the spice at funerals, until it eventually became an important traded commodity. From being used for medicinal purposes and as an embalming agent to flavoring food and being used as a preservative, it’s safe to say that we’ve found many uses for this plant. Native to the mango-shaped island nation of Sri Lanka (from where most of the world’s supply of Ceylon cinnamon comes), India, and Myanmar, cinnamon is now cultivated in places like South America, West Indies, Indonesia, China, and Vietnam. 

While Ceylon cinnamon, also known as Cinnamomum verum, is typically considered the “true” cinnamon, there are other varieties, like Cinnamomum burmannii (Korintje cinnamon), Cinnamomum cassia (Saigon cinnamon), and Cinnamomum loureiroi (Royal cinnamon). The spice is thought to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering properties. Additionally, it’s been associated with preventing diabetes, combating cancer risk, and protecting you from heart disease. Eating cinnamon has an unexpected effect on your brain health too. Turns out, there’s even more than meets the eye with this humble spice. Cinnamon can prevent bone loss as well.

Cinnamon and bone health: The science explained
Avocado_studio/Shutterstock
Cinnamon contains a few nutrients that contribute to overall bone health — potassium, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin K.  

Dietary potassium helps maintain bone density by neutralizing acid load and reducing calcium loss, while calcium has always been linked to overall bone health. Whether it’s maintaining bone strength or structure, aiding bone development, preventing the weakening of bones, or combatting conditions like osteoporosis, calcium plays a key role in all of these areas. While the research pertaining to vitamin A and bone health is not entirely clearcut (too much and too little has been associated with negative effects on your bones), average consumption of 2,000 to 3,000 international units (IU) a day is thought to be associated with higher bone mineral density (per Harvard Health), which means lesser chance of fractures. With vitamin K, insufficient levels of this fat-soluble vitamin have been linked to low bone density and increased risk of fractures. 

There is another unexpected (and indirect) way in which cinnamon could benefit your bones. It has to do with the spice’s role in treating a chronic inflammatory condition known as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Rheumatoid arthritis doesn’t only affect your joints. It can have an impact on your skin, eyes, lungs, heart, blood vessels, and bones too. For example, painful swelling that affects your joints can lead to bone erosion. According to a 2018 study published in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition, cinnamon supplements seemed to reduce two proteins associated with inflammation in RA — C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a). TNF-a influences cartilage and bone destruction in RA.

How to consume cinnamon for bone health
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If you’ve ever cooked with cinnamon, you’d know that it can be purchased in bark or powder form. Drinking cinnamon tea every day is another easy and soothing way to enjoy the spice. 

While the coumarin content, particularly in Cassia cinnamon, is problematic when consumed in large quantities (we’re talking more than half a teaspoon daily), adding a pinch of cinnamon as flavoring to your curries, smoothies, baked goods, etc. is considered safe. Too much coumarin — a compound found in other plants too — has been linked with kidney, liver, and lung damage. If you’re concerned about this, you may want to try looking for Ceylon cinnamon, which contains far less coumarin than Cassia cinnamon. 

As for cinnamon supplements, experts warn that they might not be the best idea. On top of the fact that you can easily get the dose you want with a pinch of the powdered spice, cinnamon pills come with the unexpected risk of not being regulated well enough, explained anesthesiologist and registered dietitian Dr. Christine Gerbstadt (via Everyday Health). “My concern is in the quality of the supplement and also the effect of the supplement depositing a potentially concentrated supply to the intestinal lining. Eating the ground spice spreads the particles with other food items, which may be better tolerated in the GI tract,” added the expert. 

Read More: https://www.healthdigest.com/1558613/eating-cinnamon-has-unexpected-effect-on-bone-health/


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