Govt. prevents Joint Opposition (JO) from using Galle Face Green for May Day rally

May 4th, 2018

by Norman Palihawadane Courtesy The Island

Former President Mahinda Rajapaka said yesterday the government had refused to grant the Joint Opposition (JO) permission to use the Galle Face Green for its May Day rally.

Unbearable tax burden, heaped on the people by the government, would be one of the main themes of JO’s May Day rally, scheduled to be held next Monday, Rajapaksa said.

Asked whether the JO had invited the 16 SLFP MPs who voted for the no-confidence motion against Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe to attend their Galle May Day rally, the former President answered in the negative.

He said: “People have found it difficult to cope up with the tax increases and the soaring prices of essential items. In addition, the cronies of the government fleece people by exacting bribes. The prices of milk powder will be increased within the next few hours and that will further aggravate the suffering of people.”

M’nama faced corruption charges before being appointed Chief of Staff … suspect sabotaged USD 100 mn project for over 2 years, manipulated sale of discarded machinery, scrap iron

May 4th, 2018

Two civil society organisations, yesterday, said the Sirisena-Wickremesinghe administration owed an explanation to the general public as to why Dr. T. H. K. Mahanama had been appointed the Chief of Staff of President Maithripala Sirisena, in spite of a serious allegation against him that he deliberately delayed a USD 100 mn project to establish a new sugar factory and interfered in the Cabinet approved sale of discarded machinery and scrap iron belonging to the Kantale Sugar factory.

The Commission to Investigate Allegations of Bribery or Corruption (CIABOC) arrested Mahanama, on Thursday, at a leading hotel in Colombo. The senior administrator received the appointment about a month ago. The CIABOC also took into custody the Chairman of the State Timber Corporation Piyasena Dissanayake.

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Tennakoon

President of the National Movement for Consumer Rights Protection Ranjith Vithanage and Executive Director CaFFE and Executive Director CHR-Sri Lanka Rajith Keerthi Tennakoon told The Island that yahapalana leaders had been aware of corruption allegations against Mahanama. Tennakoon alleged that Mahanama had purposely thwarted the joint venture undertaken by M. G. Sugars Lanka (Pvt) Ltd and Sri Lanka for revival and restructuring of the Kantale Sugar factory. They alleged that the official, who had been the Secretary to the Lands Ministry and Parliamentary Reforms at that time, had also blocked the planned sale of discarded Kantale Sugar factory machinery and scrap metal to Meerigama Lanka Company for Rs. 540 mn, the highest bidder

Having blocked both projects during his tenure as the Secretary Lands and Parliamentary Reforms, Mahanama had tried to sell the discarded machinery and scrap iron to M.G. Sugars Lanka (Pvt) Ltd for Rs 540, a senior CIABOC official told The Island Thursday night. Following negotiations conducted between the company and Mahanama, the latter had brought down the amount to Rs. 100 mn and agreed to accept the money in installments. “We moved in soon after Dr. Mahanama and Dissanayake accepted the money,” the official said.

Mahanama and Dissanayake were produced before the Colombo Chief Magistrate Thursday night and remanded till May 9 pending further investigations.

CIABOC described Mahanama as the mastermind of the operation.

Both Vithanage and Tennakoon said that those receiving top appointments should have been cleared beforehand. Obviously, Dr. Mahanama hadn’t been subjected to scrutiny though civil society groups repeatedly brought accusations against him to the notice of the government. Tennakoon said that he recently told a gathering that Dr. Mahanama could even sell President Sirisena for scrap iron.

A local office to monitor Sinhala language FB content: Is it a wise move?

May 3rd, 2018

By Rohana R. Wasala Courtesy The Island

It is reported that Sri Lanka is to ask Facebook to set up an office in Colombo to help monitor content posted in the Sinhalese language so that the medium is not used for nefarious purposes such as creating communal conflicts” (‘Lanka to ask Facebook to bar objectionable Sinhalese language posts’/ The Island/April 9, 2018). According to The Island report, Austin Fernando, secretary to the President and also the chairman of the TRCSL (Telecommunications Regularity Commission of Sri Lanka) confirmed that such is the case and that a Facebook delegation will be arriving soon to discuss the matter.

(Though completed on April 12, 2018, this article remained unpublished. The circumstances that prompted its writing could have changed by now; the office in question may or may not have materialized, but the topicality of the piece probably still holds, in the writer’s view.)

Needless to say, the proposal to set up an office to monitor Facebook content will be greeted with just opposition from the more than 4.5 million Facebookers, most of whom belong to the Sinhala speaking majority (75%) of the population. (This figure- 4.5 million – is taken from Colombo Digital Marketers estimates 2017; the same source claims that there are over 6 million active internet users in the country.) The decision to initiate such arbitrary censorship over Sinhala language internet traffic is utterly objectionable in its crass racism against the majority community and its callous disregard of all ordinary Sri Lankans’ right to freedom of expression. For the major implication of the proposed move is that it is exclusively the Sinhalese who use Facebook for nefarious purposes such as creating communal conflicts” and that they are inveterate troublemakers. This is adding insult to injury.

What precisely do the authorities mean by ‘nefarious purposes’ that they say lead to communal conflicts? How are they going to ensure that purposes which are absolutely legitimate in the opinion of the Sinhala speaking FB users are not included in this arbitrary category of ‘nefarious purposes’? Won’t the implicit assumptions behind the proposal to monitor Sinhala language FB content give credence to the Goebbelsian lies spread around the world by a section of the so-called Tamil Diaspora about alleged racism on the part of the Sinhalese? Isn’t this violent racism attributed to the Sinhalese an utter falsehood that is nevertheless religiously believed outside of Sri Lanka and is one of the main causes of the growing misery of all Sri Lankans?

Perhaps, the authorities justify the move in terms of ‘Desperate times call for desperate measures’. Obviously, two parties are in states of desperation: the people on the one side and the ‘yahapalanaya’ government or what remains of it on the other. There cannot be any dispute about whose desperation is more important for the country and demands prior attention. But the envisaged Facebook monitoring step seems to be a desperate measure dictated by the desperation of the less worthy and hence more dispensable party.

For most innocent users, Facebook is synonymous with freedom of speech. They unhesitatingly consider it to be a platform for uncensored information exchange among its users. However, that is far from reality. Facebook, like other social networking sites, is primarily a business concern. In fact, it is a corporation whose shares are traded on the NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) exchange and the NYSE (New York Stock Exchange), both in America. Social media try to attract and retain users in order to display advertisements to them. Basically, that is their business. It is very much like that of a TV network. They have no concern with upholding democracy or with protecting the users’ right to freedom of speech. As businesses, they are accountable to their shareholders. They are actually service providers whose transactions with their clients are subject to specified terms of service, but the guaranteeing of the clients’ right to free speech, democracy, etc is not included in these. Under democracy, governments are constitutionally required to protect citizens’ right to freedom of speech, but not so the social media including Facebook. (By the way, the foreign funded NGOs that are bringing tremendous pressure to bear on Sri Lanka on ‘accountability’ issues are themselves not accountable to the Sri Lankan public.)

Could a joint project between  the democratic government of an independent sovereign country and a private company with mutually divergent interests be expected to work in the best interest of that country? The American online social media and social networking service company known as Facebook has its rights and responsibilities as a business within the legal framework of that country. It has a right to make editorial decisions (for example, about what content to allow to be published or withdrawn or re-introduced, or modified or deleted, and so on). So, there could be instances where it is seen to impose restrictions on the exchange of certain types of news, videos, etc. No one can find fault with Facebook over this unless the terms of service are shown to be infringed as a result of such censorship. However, it is extremely doubtful whether Facebook authorities could agree to the Sri Lankan government’s request without seriously disappointing a large section of their clientele, particularly the majority Sinhala speakers among them. On the other hand, however, though Sinhala speaking FB users are a drop in the ocean compared with the 2.13 billion FB users across the world (statista.com statistics 2017), and though only about 30% of the Sri Lankan population is exposed to internet penetration (Colombo Digital Marketers 2017), the Facebook corporation will still respond to the government request in an accommodative manner as can be predicted from its past conduct in similar situations. Jillian York, director for international freedom of expression, at the Electronic Frontier Foundation (a non-profit international digital rights group in San Francisco founded in 1990) touches on the subject when he says, “These companies have done a reasonable job of being accountable to government requests, but not to their own private terms of services”, and his words are relevant to Facebook.

According to The Island report, Austin Fernando further said that during the anti-Muslim riots in Kandy district in the first week of March, the government banned Facebook and other social media platforms having found that these had been used to spread communal animosity. Facebook especially had a big role to play as it is very popular in Sri Lanka.” Blaming the social media users – specifically, Sinhala language speakers – for fomenting communal violence is difficult to justify. Facebookers are invariably people with some education, and the vast majority of them are young millennials who are justly impatient with the devious ways of old politicians of every colour and creed. But Austin Fernando claimed that  When there were anti-Muslim riots in Kandy district in the first week of March, the government banned Facebook and other social media platforms having found that these had been used to spread communal animosity. ……”

It is clear that the government is acting on its own initiative in this situation. The government wants Facebook to set up an office in Sri Lanka and employ Sri Lankans to do the job of monitoring. This is easier said than done. First, the key terms involved such as ‘hateful speech’ ‘insulting to some religion or religious leader’ have to be defined. This is no easy task. Now, FB uses two basic ways: automated algorithms and human moderators for monitoring offensive content. Both are open to manipulation in their different ways (‘massaging’ of data can be done to produce a specific favourable – which translates unfavourable – result to one party when two parties are at loggerheads in any situation)  and this is usually detrimental to the rights and interests of the Facebook users as well as to reconciliation interests among them (The Facebook community is a vital part of the most cognizant section of the citizenry).

The only way forward is to impartially investigate and establish the truth about what actually led to the recent flare up of violence in the Kandy district (which, incidentally, going by internet sources, could have been easily prevented). Most probably it will be found that the cause of trouble lies elsewhere, and that must be addressed in all honesty and earnestness without exonerating the guilty and punishing the innocent. The denial or non-action mode (justified almost always as a ‘reconciliation’ or ‘political correctness’ strategy) that previous and present government leaders have traditionally resorted to when confronted with issues such as the encroachment, vandalizing, or destruction of archaeological sites, allegations of surreptitious sterilization, alleged mob attacks on places of worship needs to be seriously reviewed. This is what peace loving ordinary Muslims, Tamils and Buddhist monks demand. But politicizing issues and investigations as appears the order of the day at present must be totally avoided.

ඉංග්‍රීසින්ගේ සිංහලයා නැසීමේ කුමන්තරණ

May 3rd, 2018

පාලිත ආරියරත්න

මත්පැන්,මත් ද්‍රව්‍යය, මත් දුම්, පානය කරන්නන් අතර ඉතාමත් ප්‍රසිද්ධ වැකි කිහිපයක් ඇත.
උදහරණ:

  • කබරයා දැමීම- අධික ලෙස  වමනය යෑම

(වමනය යෑම ඕනෑම පුද්ගලයෙකුට ශරීරයට අපහසු කර්යයක් හා ෙසෳඛක්‍යය සම්පන්න කාරණයක් නොවන බැවින් තමාගේම කැමැත්ටට බී වමනය යාමත් ලැජ්ජාවට කාරණයක් වන බැවින් එම කාරණය සමාජයෙන් ආවරණය කරගැනීමට මත් පැන් භාවිතයට හුරු වුවන්  මෙම විශේෂණ පදය යොදා ගනී)

  • ෂොට් එකක් දාමු හෙවත් අඩියක් ගැසීම හා සෙට් වීම- (ඉංග්‍රීසි පදයක් හා සිංහල පදයක් මිශ්‍ර කොටගෙන සකසා ගත් ඉංග්‍රීසි හුරුවට ඇති වචනයකි මෙයින්  මත් පැන් බිම සඳහා ආරාධනා කිරීමක් හා මත් පැන් බිම සඳහා සහභාගී වීමට ආරාධනය කරයි. ඉංග්‍රීසි පදයක් එකතු  කොටගෙන කතා කිරීමෙන් තමා ඉංග්‍රීසි පන්තියට ලැදි පුද්ගලයෙකු වශයෙන් පෙනී සිටීමටත් (හිතින් ආවර්ජනය කරගැනීම)ෂොට් එකක් හා අඩියක් ගැසීම යන වචනය තුලින් යම්කිසි උද්යෝධාත්මක  වීර ක්‍රියාවකුත්, සෙට් වීම යන වචනය තුලින් සතුටට හේතුවන කාරණයකට අඬ ගැසිමකුත් පෙන්නුම් කිරීමට මත් පැන් බොන්න මෙම වචනය භාවිතයෙන් උත්සහා කරයි.
  • දුමක් ගහාමුද- විශේෂයෙන් ගංජා, අබින්,මත් කුඩු වැනි ඉතා භයානක බරපතල ෙසෳඛක්‍යය හා සමාජයමය ප්‍රශ්ණ ගෙන දෙන මත් ද්‍රව්‍යය ඉරීමට, බිමට, යොදාගන්න උද්යෝධාත්මක වචනයකි. දැන් දැන් පාසල් යන වයස් ඇති දරුවන් අතර ද ප්‍රසිද්ධ වචනයකි. මෙය ඉතා බරපතල තත්වයකි දුමේ වෙනස නොදැන පාසල් ළමුන් දුමක් ගැසීමේ අරමුණින් කිනම් හෝ මත්ද්‍රව්‍යයක් බිමට ආකර්ෂණය  කරගැනීමේ බලයක් මෙම වචනයට තිබේ. (මත් පැන් භාවිතයට ගන්නවුන් උපයෝගී කරගන්නා  සමහර වාක්‍යය ඛන්ඩ තරුණයන් හා පාසල් ළමුන් මත් පැන් භාවිතය කෙරෙහි මානසිකව යොමු කිරීමට දිරිදීමක් සිදුකරයි)

මත්පැන් පානය අපහට උගැන්නුවේ ඉංගිරිසි ජාතිකයන්ය ඔවුන් විසින් මෙසේ කලේ සිංහලයාට තිබෙන හිතෙෂි භාවයකට හෝ නැතිනම් සිංහලයා සතුව නොතිබූ ඉංගිරිසින් විසින් සොයාගත් ඉතා හොඳ ෙසෳඛක්‍යය සම්පන්න ක්‍රියාවක්, සිරිතක් හදුන්වා දීමට නොවේ හුදෙක් සිංහලයා විනාශ කිරීමටයි. ඉංග්‍රීසි විසින් කුමන්ත්‍රණ කාරිව කල ක්‍රියාව නොදැන අදටත් තම ජාතියේ අනාගතය නොතකා විශාල සිංහලයන් ප්‍රමාණයක් උපන් ශිෂ්ටාචාරයත්, සමාජයත් තම ෙසෳඛක්‍යයත් , ඉදිරි පරම්පරාවේ ජාන ද විකෘර්ති වන අන්දමින් තම බේබදුකම  සිදුකරමින් තම ජාතිය වලපල්ලට ඇද දමයි. සිංහලයාගේ බිමේ පුරුද්දේ පසු පස ඇති හේතු සාධකය වර්තමානයේ ප්‍රසිද්ධියක් නොමැති නමුත් අතීතයේදී මෙම සිංහලයා බේබද්දන් කිරීමේ කුමන්ත්‍රනය හදුනාගත් උගතුන් හා ජාති හිතෙෂින් කල ප්‍රකශ කිහිපයක් දෙස හැරී බලමු. බේබදුකම පැතිරීම සමගම ආගම් මාරුවද එකට වේලි තිබී ඇත.

  • යුරෝපිය පාදිලිරාරලා අනුව යන ක්‍රිස්තියානි සහෝදරවරුනි, අප රට සිංහලයන්ට පැමිණ තිබෙන විපත්ති බොහෝයි . එ නම් මත් පැන් පානය කිරීම, ශිල්ප කර්මාන්ත නැතිකමින් දුගීව සිටීම, ඒ නිසා චෟරකම් කිරීම, එයට දඩුවම් ලැබ බන්ධනාගාරවල දැමීම යනාදියයි. මනික්‍යරත්නයක් බඳු වූ අපේ චාරිත්‍ර ඉගෙන ගෙන රටට ජාතියට ප්‍රේමයෙන් ක්‍රියා කරනු. සුද්දා අප රටට වී වර්ෂ සියයක් ගත විය. මේ කාලය තුළ කර්මාන්තාදී යම්කිසි ක්‍රියාවක් අපට නුගන්වා අබින්, අරක්කු, විස්කි, බ්‍රැන්ඩි, බොන්ට ද ගොඝාතක සුකරඝාතකයන් කරවා අපට මහා විනාශද මේ පරදෙශිකයා විසින් පමුණුවනු ලැබ තිබෙයි. සිංහල ජාතිය වර්ෂ 2358 ක් මේ ලංකාව නිසා සාගරය පරදවන්න ලේ පුජා කර තිබේ. සිංහලයනි, යුරෝපියන් ගෙන් අපට ක්ශාන්තියක් මේ තෙක් ලැබී නැත. අප අතර සමගිය නැති කරන්නට යුරෝපියන් කටයුතු කරනු ලැබේ. ඕලන්ද කාලයේ අරක්කු විකිනීමට තිබුනේ නැත. පළමු වැනි වරට මත් පැන් බිම පුරුදු කරන්නට මාර්ග තැනුවෝ ඉංග්‍රීසිසීහු ම ය. වසල සුත්‍රයේ පෙනෙන අන්දමට මත් පැන් පානය කරන්නා ද කරවන්නාද වසලයන් හැටියට ගණන් ගෙන තිබේ.වර්ෂ 2358 ක් කිසි මත් පැන් වර්ගයක් පානය නොකර සිටි සිංහල ජනකාය නැති කරන්නට කට යුතු කළෝ අපට හිතැති සර්වසාධාරණ ඉංග්‍රීසි ජාතිකයෝය. අදායම වැඩි කරගැනීමට මේ සේ කරන්නට ඕනෑය යි පත්‍රයේ ප්‍රසිද්ධ වූ ලියවිල්ලෙන්ද පෙනේ. වීර වික්‍රකමකම් කළ සිංහලයන් ගේ ජාතභුමිය වූ ශ්‍රී ලංකා ද්විපය දෙමළ, ජා, චීන, පරංගි, ඕලන්ද, යන ජාතීන්ගෙන් ආරක්ෂා කරගත් නුමුත් මත් පැන් පොවා අසුරයන් දමනය කළ ශක්‍රයා මෙන් මත් පැන් නැමති විෂ බොන්නට දී සිංහලයන් නැති කිරීමට ඉංග්‍රීසි නිලධරයෝ ක්‍රියාරම්භ කළෝය. ක්‍රමයෙන් ගමක් පාසා අරක්කු බිම වර්ධනයට කට යුතු ය යි ඒ ඉංග්‍රීසි ලියවිල්ලෙන්ද පෙනේ.

අනාගාරික ධර්මපාල තුමා 1911දෙසැම්බර් මස 23

ඉංග්‍රීසි ලියවිල්ල :

‘Cannot here omit mentioning that if Government could be induced to extend the arrack rent throughout the country by degrees it would be attended with good consequences and in time be productive of a considerable revenue’

Ceylon Literary Register, p, 399, Vol. I, 1886

  • විදේශ වලට යවන මිෂනාරිවරුන් හා බයිබල් පොත් සම ගමම ඊට වැඩියෙන් මත් පැන් බෝ තල හා වෙඩි උණ්ඩ යවනු බව පෙනේ. මුලින් කි ද්‍රව්‍යයෙන් සිතත් දෙවනුව කි දෙයින් සිරුරත් වනසනු පිණිසය.
    ඒ.යි බුල්ජන්ස් මහතා 1886

සිංහලයා නැසීමේ කුමන්ත්‍රණ ගැන  දැන දැනත් ඒවා අපි විසින්ම නොයෙකුත් ක්‍රම වලින් හැඩගන්වා රාජ්ජය මට්ටමින්ද, ගම් මාන මට්ටමින්ද,පුද්ගලික මට්ටමින්ද හා තවද නොයෙකුත් ඔල මොට්ටල කම්වලින්ද හැඩගන්වා (ෂොට් එකක් දාමු, කබරයා දැම්මා, මාර ආතල් එක,දුමක් ගහාමු යනාදී දැ ද  )  උසුළු විසුළු කොට බිවු වත්  මැරෙනවා නිකන් හිටියත් මැරෙනවා කියාගනිමින් වීර්ය කොට හෝ අතහැරිය යුතු සුරා පානය අඩියක් ගහමු, දුමක් බොමු, සෙට් වෙමු යැ යි  කියා ගනිමින් බොරු ප්‍රෝඩා කර ආරක්ෂා නොකර පෙර ආගම් මාරුවත් සමගම සිංහලයා නැසීමේ දීර්ඝ කාලින කුමන්ත්‍රනයක් වශයෙන් ආ මත් පැන් රකුසා ගැන සැබෑ තතු හෙළි කොටගෙන කාලය අපතේ නොහැර ඉන් මිදී අනාගතයේ බිහිවෙන,දැනට අප ජාතිය සතුවෙන නිර්මල දරුවන් රැක අධිස්ඨානය කරගමු, සාදයට, සාජ්ජයට, නැටීම, වැයීම, ගීතයට මත්පැන්,මත් ද්‍රව්‍යය, මත් දුම්, උවමනා නැත. ගත සිත දෙකම නසන මත්පැන්,මත් ද්‍රව්‍යය, මත් දුම් ගමේන්  හා රටේන්  තුරන් කර රැ වැටුන වලේ දවල් නොවැටී සිටින එකම ජාතිය අපි වෙමු !

ඔබගේ මතකයට :

ඉංග්‍රීසින් විසින් විදේශ රටවලට විශේෂයෙන් යැවු දැ..

  • මිෂනාරීන් (ආගම් මාරුව සඳහා )
  • බයිබලය (ආගම හදුන්වාදීම සඳහා)
  • වෙඩි උණ්ඩ (සොල්දාදුවන් සහ ඒජන්තලා සමග රට යුද්ධ කොට ඇල්ලීම සඳහා)
  • මත පැන්(ආදයම වැඩිකර ගැනීමට හා විශේෂයෙන් සිංහලයා නැසීමට )

පාලිත ආරියරත්න

 

Oil Painting on ceremonial opening of the Paththiruppuwa by the last King Sri Wickrema Rajasinghe in 1802,  handed over to the Sri Dalada Maligawa

May 3rd, 2018

THE PATHTHIRIPPUWA OF THE SRI DALADA MALIGAWA DESIGNED BY DEVENDRA MULACHARI ON THE OCCASION OF ITS CEREMONIAL OPENING BY  KING SRI WICKRAMA RAJASINGHA IN SENKADAGALAPURA IN 1802

The Paththirippuwa or Octagon of the Sri Dalada Maligawa, is widely regarded as the epitome or the most admired symbol and representation of Kandyan Sinhalese Architecture.

It was built in 1802 A.D. by Devendra Mulachari, Master Craftsman and Royal Architect, on the instructions of King Sri Wickrama Rajasingha, who was the last King of the Kandyan Kingdom (1798-1815 A.D).

The name ‘ Paththirippuwa‘ is derived from the Dravidian Language. It means – ‘ to sit and see all around’.

‘ Parthu’ means ‘to see’ and ‘ Irippu’ means ‘ seated’.

The original idea for the King to have a new building constructed to enable him to have a sweeping view of the city, from an elevated height, was conceived by Dehigama Nilame.

Background

Early in point of time, where the Paththirippuwa stands, was the Mulpange, the kitchen of the Sri Dalada Maligawa, which was demolished.  Under the authority of the King, Dehigama Nilame commissioned Devendra Mulachari (who had also been the royal artificer for the two preceding Kings, namely, Kirthi Sri Rajasingha (1747 – 1781) and Rajadhi Rajasingha (1782 – 1798) to design and construct the proposed building.

The King wished to see a model of the proposed structure, which was presented to the King, using plantain trees with stems in the shape of the ancient architectural patterned octagon, with pillars and walls. The 8 points of the Paththirippuwa / Octagon represents the 8 directions of the Universe, and the centre of it is the place of power, where the King as the Bhupathi would sit. (A celestial King)

The King was delighted and summoned the royal court to obtain their opinion.  Unamboowe Nilame approved the structure, but suggested that its height should be lower than the height of the Dalada Maligawa, which housed the Tooth Relic of the Buddha.  The building was completed in 1802. King Sri Wickrama Rajasingha was 22 years old at this time, and Pilimatalavuva was Maha Adikaram.

This octagonal shaped masterpiece of Kandyan architecture provided an open space where one could walk around the upper middle room.  The roof was an attractive lean-to roof or Hipped Roof with a steep gradient.

The Paththirippuwa was meant to achieve four main purposes: to spend leisure time in comfort, to watch traditional martial arts like Angampora, elephant and other sports in the Mahamaluwa or the great compound, where he could listen to grievances of the common people who had assembled, and watch the splendour of the Dalada Perahera in ease and comfort. When the tooth relic was paraded in the Dalada Perahera the King would always descend to a lower elevation to watch the Perahera.

The King rewarded Devendra Mulachari with many gifts. including honorific heirlooms like Pata – thaduwa (gold frontlet) worn on the forehead, and Nalal Pata (gold or jewelled forehead plate), and lands at Arattana, Kaudupitiya and Godapola in honour of the unique services Devendra Mulachari had rendered to the King, Buddha Sasana and the city of Senkadagalapura (now known as Kandy). Furthermore, Devendra Mulachari was offered a special seat in the Palace itself by the King, called Vastrasana, a seat usually given to eminent people.

Devendra Mulachari also designed and constructed the moat running along the Dalada Maligawa, curved Walalkulu bamma  or Cloud wall (2060 feet in length),  which had the triangle openings in the wall to be used as a base to place coconut oil clay lamps to illuminate the area.  The Diyarella Bamme with sharp crests underneath show a wave swell of the Kiri muhuda. It is built around the lake. Two to three thousand people are said to have worked at the lake site under the Rajakariya system and they were supervised by Migastenne Adikarum. Devendra  Mulachari is also credited with the designing and construction of the Magul Maduwa or the Audience Hall, among many other novel architectural contributions.

The story line is legendary. One evening when the King was walking on the Mahamaluwa together with his royal favourite architect and craftsman, Devendra Mulachari, he had expressed an ambition to build another Alakamanduwa on the lines of the legendary Kuvera”.

Knowing the practical impossibility of such a task, Mulachari was thinking of a suitable reply, when he witnessed in the sky the pleasing sight of a rolling cloud formation over the original lake, which he eagerly pointed out and showed  the King.  Mulachari suggested a cloud wall be built around the Maligawa and the Paththirippuwa.

With the King’s sanction the lake was constructed, by flooding the paddy fields or rice fields called Tigolwela belonging to the Malwatte Vihare, which connected the palace to the Vihare. Water from the Ampitiya side was diverted to fill the muddy field. Its extent was 19 hectares and depth was 18.24 M. This was completed in December, 1812.

Another significant structure was a small island, known as the Kunda Saale or Diyatilaka Mandape, a miniature palace covered in Kokuuku, where the King spent his leisure hours during the hot weather along with his royal ladies. This was connected to main land by a unique collapsible bridge made to fold and unfold”. This was an engineering feat of high technical skill. Unfortunately this bridge was destroyed by the British Imperial Army in the wake of the First War of Independence launched by the Kandyan Sinhalese led by Veera Keppetipola in 1818.

Occasionally the King used to go boating on the lake, where he had two flat bottom boats, and where he spent happy times feeding the fish. The Ulpenge, a bathing house for the queens which had a pond with fresh water with steps leading on to the lake, for which the cool water came from the springs and water falls of Udawattekele. Next, to the Ulpenge, there was a nelum pokuna which had fish and ducks.

The Kandy Lake, which is in the heart of Kandy, adds a unique beauty to the city. It was called ‘Kiri Muhuda’ or the Milky Ocean because hundreds of white tortoises (Kiri Ibbas) were introduced to create a wave effect of the ‘Kiri Muhuda’.

Devendra Mulachari contributed immensely with his talent and skills to beautify Senkadagalapura or Kandy City as it is called this day.

Note

This oil painting was done by Ms. Avanti Sri Nissanka Karunaratna, former student of Mahamaya Balika Vidyalaya, Kandy, an internationally reputed artist, bio – medical scientist, publisher, gemologist, geologist, and jewellery designer, and acting on the suggestion of Mr. Senaka Weeraratna, Hon. Secretary of the German Dharmaduta Society, Buddhist activist and Attorney at Law, who conceived the idea of the painting.

Much of the information set out here has been gleaned from the historical research study  ‘ Great Royal Artificer of the Kandyan Kingdom – Devendra Mulachari ‘ by D.D.M. Waidyasekera  (former Commissioner of Inland Revenue),  Colombo: Stamford Lake, 2017.

The Painting was handed over to the Diyawadana Nilame, Mr. Pradeeep Dela, at the Sri Dalada Maligawa on April 25, 2018.

Who guards the guards?

May 3rd, 2018

Editorial Courtesy The Island


Simple as the aforesaid question may seem, on the face of it, there has been no clear-cut answer thereto. It has provoked philosophical discourse for centuries. The general consensus, however, is that guards have to guard themselves, for want of a better alternative. According to some philosophers, guards have to train their souls properly. But do guards really care to guard themselves?

Self-proclaimed guards have failed to guard themselves in many a field in this country. A female lawyer has recently made quite a stir and incurred the wrath of her seniors by refusing to ignore the elephant in the room. Sugandika Fernando is her name. A speech she made, at a public event, disclosing the sad state of affairs in the legal profession, the police and the judiciary, has riled some senior members of her profession. They think they are justified in having taken exception to her views. They are entitled to their opinion. But, we believe, she has struck a responsive chord with the ordinary people, who have serious reservations about the aforesaid institutions. One may even argue that she has made no revelations, at all, and only preached to the choir.

People are wary of criticising lawyers, the police and the judiciary in public, for obvious reasons. They are without any defence. They do not want to run the risk of being thrown behind bars for contempt of court or bastinadoed for criticising the police. They need someone who can stand up to the forces they fear, to speak for them. Sugandika has done so, in the public interest. We hope she will not be a victim of a witch hunt for doing that.

If institutions, public or private, are to be cleansed of rogues who bring them into disrepute, those who are concerned about their wellbeing must go beyond whistle-blowing, use megaphones and fight against the forces of evil. There is no other way. This is what some Hollywood actresses have done after suffering in silence for decades. Sexual predators had been a law unto themselves in Hollywood until a few moons ago, when a group of courageous female artistes decided to go public with their stories, which shook the world.

A movie mogul has got exposed for sexual harassment. More and more victims of sexual assault in the movie industry are plucking up the courage to break their silence and take on the sickos who have harmed them with impunity. Thanks to them, the whole world now knows Tinseltown for what it really is and the leading lights therein will have to do something drastic to make it a better place. This would not have happened if the victims of sexual assault had chosen to remain silent, for fear of reprisals.

Sugandika has embarked on a similar mission. She has claimed that some senior lawyers sexually harass their juniors and obtain sexual bribes from the wives of their clients. This is a very serious allegation which must be probed urgently. She deserves praise for having taken up this issue which has gone unaddressed.

Sugandika has made about 20 allegations, as a news report in this newspaper said yesterday. Only an impartial inquiry will help discover the truth or otherwise of her claims. But, we believe, her right to speak up must be defended.

It is said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. Good men and women must be encouraged to fight against evil if it is to be defeated and those who stick their necks out for the sake of fellow citizens must be protected and commended.

Let all those who cherish the freedom of expression and abhor malpractices that plague vital institutions and professions be urged to join forces and defend the courageous men and women who speak out on matters of public concern.

Change was expected from govt and that is to be seen now – Mahinda

May 3rd, 2018

ආණ්ඩුවෙන් බලාපොරෙත්තු වුණේ වෙනසක් – ඒක පේනවා

Wimal claims fraudulent documents were used for FTA with Singapore

May 3rd, 2018

Wimal claims fraudulent documents were used for FTA with Singapore

Wijedasa asked why he accepted ministerial post even after criticizing govt (English)

May 3rd, 2018

Wijedasa asked why he accepted ministerial post even after criticizing govt (English)

20 අකුලනු.. ව්‍යවස්ථා සංශෝධන එපා..- ත්‍රෙනිකායේ නායක හිමිවරුන් සංග ආඥාවක් නිකුත් කරති..

May 3rd, 2018

 lanka C news

බෙදුම්වාදී උවමනාවන් ඉටු කරමින් විධායක ජනාධිපති ධුරය අහෝසි කිරීම සදහා ගෙන එන 20 වන ව්‍යවස්ථා සංශෝධනය වහා නවත්වන්නැයි ජාතික නියෝජිත මහ සග සමුළුව කියා සිටිති.

කොළමදී පැවැත්වූ මෙම සග සමුළුව සදහා නිකායන් නියෝජනය කරමින් ඉහලම නායක හිමිවරුන් සහභාගී වී සිටියහ.

අනුර කුමාර දිසානායක මේ බෝම්බය ගෙන ආවත් පුපුරුවා හරින්නේ දෙමල සන්ධානයේ උවමනාව වත බවත් මේ උත්සාහ කරන්නේ නැට්ට විසින් බල්ලා වන්නන යයි සමුළුව අමතමින් පූජ්‍ය මැදගොඩ අබයතිස්ස හිමියෝ කියා සිටියහ.

20 අකුලනු.. ව්‍යවස්ථා සංශෝධන එපා..- ත්‍රෙනිකායේ නායක හිමිවරුන් සංග ආඥාවක් නිකුත් කරති..

අස්ගිරි පාර්ශවයේ අනුනායක පූජ්‍ය වෙඩරුවේ උපාලි හිමි, එම නිකායේ මහා ලේඛකාධිකාරී පූජ්‍ය මැදගම ධම්මානන්ද හිමි, බෙල්ලන්විල විහාරාධිපති පූජ්‍ය බෙල්ලන්විල ධම්මරතන හිමි ඇතුළු නායක හිමිවරුන් පිරිසක් සභාව ඇමතුහ.

ව්‍යවස්ථාවක් සංශෝධනයක් මේ මොහොතේ අවශ්‍ය නැති බවට සංග සභාව විසින් ගන්නා ලද ඒකමතික තීන්දුව සංඝ ආඥාවක් ලෙසින් ජනාධිපති මෛත‍්‍රිපාල සිරිසේන මහතා වෙත දැනුම් දීමටද එහිදී තීරණය කෙරින.

President’s Chief of Staff Mahanama, STC Chairman arrested

May 3rd, 2018

Darshana Sanjeewa Courtesy The Daily Mirror

The President’s Chief of Staff I. H. K. Mahanama and State Timber Corporation (STC) Chairman P. Dissanayaka were arrested by the Bribery Commission this evening in the act of accepting a bribe of Rs.20 million from an Indian businessman.

A Bribery Commission official said the businessman, who had purchased a land at the Kantale Sugar Factory, had wanted to purchase machinery and building space to start operating the factory.

The suspects had solicited a bribe of Rs.540 million from the businessman promising that they would provide him with the approval needed to obtain machinery and building space for this purpose. However, after negotiations were held between the two parties, it was decided to reduce the asking price to Rs.100 million.

The raid took place while the two suspects were accepting Rs. 20 million as an advance payment in the car park of a leading luxury hotel in Colombo yesterday. The officials said the suspects were in the process of counting the money at the time of the arrest.

The main suspect, Dr Mahanama, was earlier the Secretary to the Ministry of Lands and Parliamentary Reforms. He was appointed as the President’s Chief of Staff two months ago but had told the businessman he still had the power to obtain the approval that was needed.

Officials of the Bribery Commission said the suspects would be produced before the Colombo Chief Magistrate after their statements were recorded.

The second suspect, P. Dissanayake, was formerly the Secretary to former President Chandrika Kumaratunga.

Central Bank’s annual report shows govt has failed economy lock, stock and barrel: Cabraal

May 3rd, 2018

Analyzing the Central Bank’s Annual report 2017 on 77 points and ratios, former Governor of the Central Bank Ajith Nivard Cabraal said yesterday that the government; especially Prime Minister Ranil Wickremasinghe who spearheads the economy, has failed the national economy lock, stock and barrel since the last government passed the baton to the coalition government in January 2015.

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Ajith Nivard Cabraal – Pic – : Kamal Bogoda

“The increase in the debt stock in the past three years by Rs. 2,922 billion has been the highest ever debt increase in the history of the country, but the government has almost nothing to show for it in terms of tangible assets such development projects or progressive social indicators,” he claimed.

The data-points and ratios brought about by former CB Governor along with Dr. Nalaka Godahewa, former chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) at the media briefing held in Colombo yesterday, even questioned the honesty and integrity of key economic indicators including the GDP Deflator, GDP per capita and unemployment rate.

“It stands to reason that if for some reason the GDP Deflator needed to be adjusted, the same reason would have been applicable for a revision or adjustment in the Colombo Consumer Price Index (CCPI) as well. As no adjustment has been carried out in the CCPI , it would be very difficult to justify a huge change in the GDP Deflator unless the intention was to achieve some other ulterior purpose,” he noted.

Further speaking Cabraal said, “The impact of several ‘creative’ adjustments have had a corresponding impact on the GDP per capita as well; both in LKR and US$ terms. Accordingly, annual report 2016 , the GDP per capita had been reported at US$ 3,835 while the GDP per capita for 2015 has been revised downwards by US 81 from US$ 3,924 to US$ 3,843. As a result, the GDP per capita in US$ terms for 2014 has also been revised down by US$ 22 to read as US$ 3,821; the third occasion that the GDP per capita for 2014 has been amended in 3 years”.

Dr. Nalaka Godahewa said that the authorities have executed a shocking series of ‘number massaging practices’ which now seems to be routinely implemented in order to achieve politically and/or economically advantageous results and this has made a mockery of the computation of GDP in Sri Lanka since they are not based upon the hallowed principles of credibility. He went on to say that unemployment figures have also been manipulated to show this rate remains at only 4.2% or in other words, 0.1% less than this figure in 2014.

The former Governor said that the government has notably failed in containing the average inflation as per CCPI which had spiked to 6.6% in 2017 from 3.3% in 2014.

GL says crumbling economy a far greater issue than 20A

May 3rd, 2018

by Maheesha Mudugamuwa Courtesy The Island

Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP) yesterday said the 20th Amendment to the constitution which the JVP had proposed to be presented to the parliament, was not the biggest issue of the country at the moment. The party urged President Miathripala Sirisena to dissolve the parliament to end the current economic and political crisis.

Responding to a query by the media at a briefing held at the party head office at Nelum Mawatha, Battaramulla, SLPP Chairman Prof. G.L Pieris said the 20th Amendment to the constitution had not yet been discussed in parliament and therefore the SLPP had enough time to decide on it.

Meanwhile the Joint Opposition (JO) recently said that it would give a conditional support to the 20th Amendment. MP Bandula Gunawardena said that if the JVP included a clause to the effect that Parliament would be dissolved immediately after the passage of the 20th Amendment to the Constitution, the JO would vote for the proposed amendments.

Alleging that India and Western powers were behind the 20-A project, the Federation of National Organisations (FNO) urged JO to reconsider its decision as it was in line with UNP leader Ranil Wickremesinghe’s promise to those involved in a high profile operation in 2014/2015 to bring the Rajapaksa government to an end.

According to Prof. Pieris, the most important issue at present was to dissolve the parliament and to hold the presidential election next year as the present yahapalana government couldn’t manage the economy of the country and as a result the country’s national resources as well as its citizens had already been put into a very dangerous situation.

He alleged that the government was controlled by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Prime Minister and President were implementing their recommendations such as increasing the taxes and reducing the concessions given to the people.

Highlighting the statistics, Prof. Pieris stressed that the total tax income in 2014 was around one trillion rupees but in 2017 it had doubled to two trillion rupees. Public debt had been increased to Rs. 12,300 billion when the national income was only Rs. 2, 400 billion. Sri Lanka had to pay Rs. 700 billion as loan interests alone.

ජනාධිපති කාර්ය මණ්ඩල ප‍්‍රධානියා දෙකෝටියක අල්ලසක් ගනින්දී අත්අඩංගුවට.. සීනි කතාවක් ගෑවේ.. චන්ද‍්‍රිකාගේ ලේකම්ද අත්අඩංගුවේ..

May 3rd, 2018

lanka C news

ජනාධිපති මෛත‍්‍ර‍්‍රිපාල සිරිසේන මහතාගේ කාර්ය මණ්ඩල ප‍්‍රධානී අයි. කේ. මහානාම හා රාජ්‍ය දැව සංස්ථාවේ සභාපති පියසේන දිසානායක අල්ලස් හෝ දූෂණ චෝදනා විමර්ශන කොමිසමේ නිලධාරීන් විසින් අත්අඩංගුවට ගෙන ඇත.

කොළඹ ගලධාරී හෝටලයේදී මෙම දෙදෙනා අත්අඩංගුවට ගෙන ඇත්තේ කෝටි 10ක අල්ලස් මුදලකින් කොටි 02ක් අත්තිකාරම් ලෙස ලබා ගනිද්දීය.

මුලින් මොවුන් විසින් ඉල්ලා ඇති අල්ලස් මුදල රුපියල් කෝටි 56ක් යයිද වාර්තා වෙයි.

අත්අඩංගුවට ගත් දෙදෙනාගෙන් අල්ලස් කොමිසම විසිින් ප‍්‍රශ්න කරමින් සිටී.

පී. දිසානායක හිටපු ජනාධිපතිනි චන්ද‍්‍රිකා කුමාරතුංග මහත්මියගේ පුද්ගලික ලේකම් ලෙසද කටයුතු කර ඇත.

ජනාධිපති කාර්ය මණ්ඩල ප‍්‍රධානියා දෙකෝටියක අල්ලසක් ගනින්දී අත්අඩංගුවට.. සීනි කතාවක් ගෑවේ.. චන්ද‍්‍රිකාගේ ලේකම්ද අත්අඩංගුවේ..

මෙරටට සිනි ගෙන්වන ඉන්දීය ජාතිකයෙකු විසින් ලංකාවේ සීනි කර්මාන්ත ශාලාවක් ආරම්භ කිරීම සදහා සම්බන්ධයෙන් වූ ගැටළු නිරාකණය කිරීම සදහා මෙම අල්ලස් මුදල ඉල්ලා ඇති බවත් දින කිහිපයක් තිස්සේම මෙම සාකච්චාව වූ බවත් හෙලිව ඇත.

මේ සම්බන්දයෙන් පරීක්‍ෂණ සිදු කරමින් යද්දී අල්ලස් කොමිසමේ ප‍්‍රධානියා විනින් ජනාධිපති මෛත‍්‍රිපාල සිරිසේන මහතා දැනුවත් කර ඇත්තේ ජනාධිපති කාර්යාලයේ ඇතැමුන්ද අල්ලස් ගැනීමකට සම්බන්ධ බවට තොරතුරු ඇති බවයි.

ඊට ප‍්‍රතිචාර ලෙස ජනාධිපතිවරයා අල්ලස් කොමිසමේ ප‍්‍රධානියාට දන්වා ඇත්තේ එවන් චෝදනා ඇති ඔ්නෑම පුද්ගලයෙක් සම්බන්ධයෙන් නීතිය උපරිමව ක‍්‍රියාත්මක කරන ලෙසත් ඒ සදහා තමන්ගේ කිසිදු විරෝධයක් නැති බවත්ය.

කාර්ය මණ්ඩල ප‍්‍රධානියා අත්අඩංගුවට ගත් පසුද අල්ලස් කොමිසම විසින් ඒ බව ජනාධිපතිවරයාට දන්වා ඇති අතර ජනාදිපතිවරයා නැවත සදහන් කර ඇත්තේ මෙම පුද්ගලයා තමන් ලග සේවයට විත් මාස දෙකක්වත් නැති බවත් ඒ කිසිත් නොතකා නීතිය ක‍්‍රියාත්මක කරන ලෙසත්ය.

රජෙක් හිටිය රටක නායකයා අගමැති වෙන්න පුළුවන්ද?

May 2nd, 2018

මතුගම සෙනෙවිරුවන්

මහා වංශය යනු අපගේ ලිඛිත ඉතිහාසයයි. එයට අමතරව දීප වංශය රාජාවලිය ආදී වංශ කතා තොරතුරු වලින්ද හෙළි කරන්නේ සිංහල ද්වීපය නොහොත් සිංහලේ හෙබ වූ රජෙක් රජ පරපුරක් සිටි බවයි. පූර්ව ඓතිහාසික යුගයේ රාවණා නමින් රජෙක්ද මෙරට ආණ්ඩු කල බව කියැවෙන බවද මෙහිදී සඳහන් කළ යුතුය. විල්පත්තු සෙල්ලිපි වල කනශ නම් රජෙක් ගැනද සඳහන්ය.  මෙම ඓතිහාසික තත්ත්වය ආසියාතික රටවල් අතරින් වෙනත් රටකට වඩා ඉහළින් සැලකෙන බවද මෙහිදී සටහන් කළ යුතුය.මෙරට රජවරුන් ගේ මූලික කාර්ය භාරය බුද්ධ ශාසනය ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමයි. මාගේ වෑයම බුද්ධ ශාසනය සුරක්ෂිත කිරීමයි යන්න දුටු ගැමුණු රජුගේ උදාන වාක්‍යකි.වසර පන්දහසක් කල් බුදු සසුන පවතින බැව් බෞද්ධයන් විශ්වාස කරන අතර පස්වාන් දහසකට බුදු වන්ඩ දේවයන් වහන්ස යනුවෙන් වැසියන් රජු ඉදිරියේ දනින් වැටෙන්නේ රජු බෝධිසත්වයෙකු මෙන් සැලකෙන බැවිනි .සත්වන අට වන සියවස් වල පටන් රාජ්‍යත්ව පිළිබඳ බෝධිසත්ව සංකල්පය තහවුරු වන අතර අවසාන රාජධානිය වන සෙංකඩගල මහනුවර පවතින නාථ දේවාලයේ රජුගේ අභිෂේකය සිදුව තිබෙන්නේ මේ හේතුවෙනි.එහිදී රාජ අභිධානය රජුට පළඳවන්නට ප්‍රථම නාථ දෙවියන් ගේ ශිර්ෂයේ පළඳවා යම් වේලාවක් තැබිය යුතු විය.රජු දේවත්වයට පත් වන බ ව එයින් කියැවෙයි.

සිංහල රාජ්‍යත්වයට බලවත් ගෞරවයක් රට වැසියා තුළ තිබුණි. රජු ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමත් රජ පවුල සුරැකීමත් මතු රජවන කුමාරවරු රැක ගැනීමත් සෙන්පති වරුන් ගේ වකකීම විය. අනුරාධපුරය බිඳ වැටී රට ආරාජික වූ අවස්ථාවේදී සිංහල රජ පවුල වනගතව සිටියදී ඔවුන් පෝෂණය කරමින් රැකගත් රුහුණු දඩනායාක සිත්නරු බිම් බුදල්නාවන් ට දුන් වරප්‍රසාද ගැන මහා විජයබාහු සමයේ  පනා කඩුව තඹ සන්නසින් හෙළි වෙයි. එසේම කාලිංග මාඝ වැනි ආක්‍රමණ හමු වේ සිංහල රාජ පවුල රැක ගත් හැටි ඉතිහාසයේ සඳහන් වෙයි. එසේම දඹදෙණි යුගයේ වත්හිමි නම් කුමරු ඉස්ලම් ආගමට ගොස් රට අන්‍යාගමික වන අතර සැඟවී සිටි ඔටුන්න හිමි කුමරු අන්‍යාගමික පාලකයා බලයෙන් පහකර යලි රාජ්‍යත්වයට පත්ව රටත් දැයත් සසුනත් ආරක්ෂා කරගත් ආකාරය හෙළි වෙයි.මෙම තත්ත්වය එකළ ලෝකයේ විශේෂයෙන්ම රාජ්‍යත්ව තිබූ ආසියාතික රටවලට පොදු ලක්ෂණයක් විය. චීනය කොරියාව  වැනි රටවල පවා සිය රාජ වංශය රැක ගැනීම තිබූ ආරකෂාකාරී සංවිධාන ගැන අපට දැන් දැන ගත හැකි වන්නේ ඒ රටවල සිනමා කරුවන් විසින් නිර්මාණය කරනු ලබන ඓතිහාසික ටෙලි සිත්තම් වලිනි.

සිංහල රජ පවුල බල රහිත තත්ත්වය පත් වීම ආරම්භ වන්නේ යුරෝපීයන් මෙරට ආගමනයත් සමගමය. නමුත් පරංගින් ඇසුරේ හැදී වැඩුණු කොනප්පු බණ්ඩාරයන් නැවත සිංහල බෞද්ධ රාජ්‍යත්වය ආරම්භ කරමින් සෙංකඩතල රාජධානිය ශක්තිමත් කරනු ලැබීය.නමුත් එයින් රජ පවුලේ ස්ථාවරත්වයක් ඇති නොවීය. එවකට දඹදිව තිබූ රාජ වංශයන් සියල්ල මුස්ලිම් ආක්‍රමණ හමු වේ බෙලහීනව යෑම නිසා සිංහල රජු රැක ගැනීම දුෂ්කර විය. රජ වරුන්ට බිසෝ වරුන් ලබා දුන් දන්ත හේමමාලා කීරවැල්ල රජකීය පරපුර 1617 කොන්ස්තන්තීනු සටනින් පසු වල් වෑදිම නිසා රජ පවුලට බිසෝ වරුන් සැපයීමට නැවත ඉන්දියාව දෙසට යොමු වන්න සිදු විය.මුස්ලිම් ආක්‍රමණය හමු වේ හින්දුත්වය රැක ගත් නායක් පෙළපතකින් කුමරියක් මෙරටට ගෙන එන්නේ මේ බලපෑමෙනි.මේ තත්ත්වය නිසා සිංහල රජ පෙළපත වෙනුවට නායක් රජ පෙළපතකට හිස නමන්නට අපට සිදු විය. මේ තේරීම පිටිපස සංඝරාජ ස්වාමීන් වහන්සේ සිටියහ. ඒ උපසම්පදාව නැවත ගෙන ඒමේ අභිප්‍රායෙනි. එහෙත්  උපසම්පදාව තහවුරු කළද අවසානයේ දී බුද්ධ ශාසනය  රැක ගැනීමට නායක්  පෙළපතට  හැකි නොවීය. රදළයන් රජු හා භේද භින්න වීම නිසා 1766 දී මුහුදු බඩ පෙදෙසින් ගව්වක ප්‍රමාණයක් ලන්දේසීනට ලියාදීමට ගිවිසුමක් ඇති කර ගත්හ.මේ සිංහලේ රාජ්‍යයයේ අවසානයේ ආරම්භයයි. මෙයට විරුද්ධව  තැන් තැන් වල  විසිර සිටි රජ පවුල් විසින්ම කැරැලක් ඇති කළද ඔවුහු ලන්දේසීන් ගේ ශක්තියෙන් උඩරට ආක්‍රමණය කළ නිසා භික්ෂූන් වහන්සේලාගෙන් සහ රදළයන්ගෙන් සහාය නොලැබී කැරැල්ල පහසුවෙන් පරාජයට පත් කර ගත හැකිවිය. නමුත් 1812 වන විට තත්ත්වය එසේ නොවීය. රජ වාසල තුළට වැදුණ කුමන්ත්‍රණ කරුවන් විසින් රජු බෙලහීන කරන ලදහ. රදළයන් බිලී බා ගැනීම ඇරඹී තිබුණි.මහ බ්‍රිතානය කිරීටයට රට භාර දෙන්නට ගිවිසුම් ගැසූ රදළයන් සිංහල රජ පවුල සහමුලින්ම ඉවත් කළහ. එතැන් සිට 1948 තෙක් ලංකාව ඉංග්‍රීසි කිරිටයට යටත්ව සිටි  අතර  පසුව  නිදහස යනුවෙන් ව්‍යවස්ථාමය ප්‍රතිපාදනයක් ප්‍රදානය කෙරුණි. එහි අරුත නම්  බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය රජු වෙනුවට නැවත සිංහල රජ පවුලට රට භාර නොදීමයි. එය භාර දෙන ලද්දේ බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය කිරීටයට සුවචව රජය කරවා ලිය හැකි අගමැති වරයෙකුටයි.

1972 වර්ෂයේ ජනරජ ව්‍යවස්ථාව සකස් කර කල්හි. මේ වැරැද්ද නිවරදි කොට ගත හැකිව තිබුණි. නමුත් එය එසේ නොවුණි.තවදුරටත් බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලයට යටත් ව කටයුතු කිරීමට සිංහල නායකයන්ට රිසි විය. මේ වන විට රටේ ඇති වූ අස්ථාවරත්වය ට මූලික හේතුව වූයේ උතුරේ පටන් ගැනුණු ත්‍රස්තවාදයයි. මෙයට විසදුම් සෙවීමට අගමැති ආණ්ඩුක්‍රමයකින් බැරි විය. ඒ වෙනුවට රටටම එක වර ආණ්ඩු කළ හැකි නායකයකු අවශ්‍ය විය. අත්තනග්ලේ මන්ත්‍රී වරියට මුලු රටම ආණ්ඩු කිරීමට වරමක් නොමැති බව ජේ.ආර්. ගේ අදහස විය. ජනතා පරමාධිපත්‍ය විධායකය සඳහා ගොඩ නැගීම ඔහු ගේ අභිප්‍රාය විය. ජයවර්ධන හිටපු ජනාධිපති වරයා 1977 වසරේ බලයට පත් වූ විගසම සිය ව්‍යවස්ථා සංශෝධනය රටට ඉදරිපත් කලේය.1966 වසරේ දී ඔහු මෙම අදහස ප්‍රථම වරට ඉදිරිපත් කොට ඇත්තේ එම වසරේ දෙසැම්බර් මස 14 දි විද්‍යාභිවර්ධන සංගම් ශාලවේ පැවති රැස්වීමකදීය.මේ එහිදී ඔහු පළ කල අදහසයි. විධායකය තෝරා ගැනෙන්නේ ජනතාව විසින් වන අතර එය ව්‍යවස්ථාදායකයට නියමිතව ඇති කාලසීමාව මත රඳා පවතින්නේ නැත. එබඳු විධායකයක් ශක්තිමත් විධායකයක් වේ. එය නියමිත කාලසීමාවක් සඳහා බලයට පත් කොට සිටින අතර ජනතාව තෝරා ගෙන ඇති විධායකයක රුචි අරුචිකම්වලට යටත් වන්නේ නැත. එසේම ජනප්‍රිය නොවූවත් තම පාර්ලිමේන්තු කණ්ඩායමෙහි අප්‍රසාදයට පත් වීමට බිය නැති නිසා අවස්ථාවට අවශ්‍ය පියවර ගැනීමට එය බිය නොවන්නේය. අද අප මුහුණ පා සිටින්නාක් වැනි බරපතළ ප්‍රශ්ණයන්ට මුහුණ පාන අප වැනි සංවර්ධනය වෙමින් පවතින රටකට අත්‍යන්තයෙන්ම අවශ්‍යව ඇති බව මගේ විශ්වාසයයි. මේ යෝජනාව ඊට  අවුරුද්දකට පසු ඔහු සාකච්ඡාවට ගත් කල ඩඩ්ලි සේනානායක මහතා ඊට විරුද්ධ විය. නමුත් ආර්.ප්‍රේමදාස මහතා එම යෝජනාව ස්ථීර කළ බව පැවසේ. ආචාර්ය කොල්වින් ආර්.ද සිල්වා මහතාද සමගි පෙරමුණ කණ්ඩායම මෙහෙයවමින් ඊට විරුද්ධ විය.

ජයවර්ධන ජනාධිපතිවරයා 1978 මැයි 31 වන දින ශ්‍රී ලංකා විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයේ පැවැත්වූ උපාධි ප්‍රදානෝත්සවයේදී ඉතා වැදගත් දේශනයක් කරන ලදී. එහි සාරාංශය මෙසේය.      මම ඡන්දයෙන් තේරුණු පළමුවැනි විධායක ජනාධිපති රාජ්‍ය නායක හා ආණ්ඩු නායකයා මම වෙමි. එය ප්‍රබල පදවියක් වන අතර එහෙයින් වගකීම් සහිත පදවියක්ද වේ. මට පසුව අන්‍යනයන්ද මෙම පදවිය දරණු ඇති  බැවින් මගේ පදවි කාලයේදි අනුගමනය කිරීමට වටිනා පූර්වාදර්ශ සපයනු කැමැත්තෙමි. පළමුව මම නිරතුරුවම කැබිනට් මණ්ඩලය හා පාර්ලිමේන්තුව තුළින් කටයුතු කරන්නෙමි. ඒ සමග පෙර පැවති ලෙස කිසිදු අඩු වීමකින් තොරව පාර්ලිමේන්තු ක්‍රමය සංරක්ෂණය කරන්නෙමි.  ජනාධිපතිවරයාගේ මිනිස්සු හා ගැහැනු යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන පරිදි ජනාධිපතිවරයා කෙරේ බලපාන පුද්ගලයන් කණ්ඩායමක් ගොඩ නොනගමි.ඒ අනුව ඔහු ජනාධිපති ලේකම් කාර්යාලයක් හෝ ප්‍රබල නිළධාරි මණ්ඩලයක් පිහිටුවා ගත්තේ නැත.මේ අයුරින් බලන කල්හි ජේ.ආර්. ජනාධිපතිවරයාගේ දූරදර්ශී නුවණ තේරුම් ගත හැකිය.

විධායක ජනපති ක්‍රමය ස්ථාපිතව 2018 වසරට වසර තිස්එකක් සම්පූර්ණ වෙයි.එහෙත් එහි නියම බලතල ප්‍ර යෝග කරගන්නට  දශක කීපයක් ඉකුත් විය. එය මැනවින් ප්‍ර යෝජනයට ගෙන කොටි ත්‍රස්තවාදය සහමුලින්ම අවසන් කරන ලද්දේ මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ මහතා විසිනි.

යුද්ධය සංවිධානය කිරීම යුද්ධයට අණ දීම යුද්ධය පැවති කාල වකවානුවේ රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්‍රිකව කටයුතු කිරීම වැනි අසීරු දෑ ජයගන්නට මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ මහතා සමත් විය. ඔහුගේ චරිත ලක්ෂණ රජෙක් හා සමාන විය. එම නිසා යුද්ධයෙන් පසු ඔහුට මහරජානෝ යැයි නමක්ද ඇති විය.සැබවින්ම එම නම දැරීමට ඔහු සුදුසු වූයේ යුද්ධයේදී දැක්වූ සමත් නායකත්වය නිසාවෙනි. එහෙත් සිංහල රජ පවුල එහි ස්වභාවය දළදා වහන්සේ හා තිබෙන බැඳීම දශරාජ ධර්මය ආදී කිසිවක් ගැන හැඟිමක් මහින්ද මහතාට නොවීය. ඔහු වැඩ කලේ ඉවෙන් මෙනි. ඔහුගේ තීන්දු තීරණ ගැනීම් වලදී ඔහු විසින් පුරුදු පහුණු කල දෙශපාලන න්‍යයා ප්‍ර යෝජනවත් වූවා මිසක ඉතිහාසයෙන් උගත් පාඩම් ගැන හංකවිසියක් නොවීය. එම නිසා පශ්චාත් යුද්ධ කාලවකවානුවේදී මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ මහතා අසාර්ථක විය.දූෂණ වංචා පිළිබඳ ඉස්මතු කිරීමට තැතනුවද  ඒවා නිදහස ලැබීමෙන් පසු සෑම අවදියකදීම සිදූවූ පොදු කරුණුය. අඩු වැඩිවීමක් සිදුවූවා පමණකි. නමුත් රට බලපාන බොහෝ තීරණ විශේෂයෙන් ශාසනික තීන්දු වලදී ඔහු දැක්වූ අසමත් කම් බොහෝ විය.එසේම දෙමළ ජාතිවාදය මවාදීව පාලනය කරගන්නටත් මුස්ලිම් අන්තවාදය නීතය මගින් පාලනය කරගැනීමටත් ඔහුට හැකිනොවූ බව සඳහන් කල යුතුය.

කෙසේ වෙතත් රජෙක් රජ පවුලක් සිටි රටක මහජනතාවගේ සිත් සතන් තුළ පවතින පොදු හැඟීම නම් ශක්තිමත් රාජ්‍ය නායකත්වයක් අවශ්‍ය බවයි. එය අගමැතිට ලඝු කරගැනීමෙන් නැවතත් 1948 දක්වා රට පසු බැසීමට හේතුවක් බවට පත් වේ. ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ කුඩා දූපතක් වන ලංකාව ඒකීය රටක් වශයෙන් ලොව ඉදිරියේ අභිමානයෙන් හිස එසවීමට නම් මේ නායකත්වය අවශ්‍ය බවට විවාදයක් නැත.විධායක ජනපති ක්‍රමය අහෝසි කිරීමෙන් පළාත් සභා සහ මධ්‍යම රජය අතර තිබෙන බැඳීම ගිලිහේ.යම් විදියකින් පළාත් සභා අහෝසි කලද විධායක ජනපති ක්‍රමය සෑමදාටම තිබිය යුතු බවද පැවසිය යුතුය..

මතුගම සෙනෙවිරුවන්

ACWBC Lecture

May 2nd, 2018

Prof. Wasantha Gunathunga, Head, Department of Community Medicine, University of Colombo

will deliver a lecture on

‘Physical and Psychological Health Benefits of Meditation’

on Friday 11th May at 4.00 p.m.

at All Ceylon Women’s Buddhist Congress, 400, Bauddhaloka Mawatha, Colombo 07.

All are welcome.

The Skripal Case and Bombing Syria: Six Things We Learned About Modern Britain

May 2nd, 2018

Neil Clark Courtesy RT

To have been in ‘democratic’ Britain for the past eight weeks has been quite an educational experience.

We’ve seen how the NeoCon Establishment works, how dissent is policed, and how ‘gas-lighting’ techniques are used to try and make us think we’re going crazy for questioning the ‘official narrative’ — a narrative which we know just by employing simple logic, doesn’t make sense.

Here’s a list of the most important things we’ve learnt- that’s if you weren’t aware of them already.

1. The presumption of innocence doesn’t apply to NeoCon targets.

Innocent until proven guilty? Not if you’re in the line of fire of the Endless War Lobby, comrade. Russia was accused of trying to poison the Skripals before a proper criminal investigation had even begun. The Syrian government was blamed for a chemical weapons attack, before we had independently verification that a chemical weapons attack had even taken place. The ‘Official Narrative’ on both cases has unravelled spectacularly. No ‘smoking gun’ evidence of either Russian involvement in the Skripal case or of the Douma CW attack has been produced. On the contrary, witnesses testified last week at The Hague that the Douma attack didn’t happen.READ MORE: Douma Doctors, Witnesses Reveal Lies Behind White Helmets’ Provocation (VIDEO)

But we’re  expected not to notice — as the news cycle — conveniently for the accusers- moves on to other stories.

​2. Rupert Murdoch’s Times newspaper plays an utterly pernicious role in British public life. 

It was the Times which demanded action from Theresa May against Russia. It was the Times which  has demanded (repeatedly, and again after the Skripal incident) that  Ofcom acted against Russian media in the UK, such as RT. It was the Times, which accuses Russian media of peddling ‘fake news’, which reported Sergei Skripal as dead on its 12th March front page.

It was The Times which, on 14th March, falsely reported that ‘almost 40’ people had needed treatment in Salisbury, prompting Dr Stephen Davies, Comsultant in Emergency Medicine to write to the paper stating ‘May I clarify that no patients have experienced symptoms of nerve agent poisoning in Salisbury and there have only ever been three patients with significant poisoning.’

​It was The Times, which on the day the US/UK and France launched illegal attacks on Syria in response to the unverified chemical weapons attack at Douma, carried a front page attack on British academics who dare to challenge the War Party line on Syria. It was The Times which smeared other critics of western foreign policy as ‘Russian trolls’, including a peace campaigner from Finland who had been battling cancer.

​John Wight has called the Times, the in-house organ of the neocon Henry Jackson Society. Its days as Britain’s respected newspaper of record have certainly long gone.

​3. Britain is only what is called a ‘Democracy’.

Just think back to that Parliamentary debate on 14th March. Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn was attacked from his own side, for his cautious approach towards the government’s unproven claims about the Skripal case. To add insult to injury a number of Labour MPs then signed Early Day Motion 1071– which stated ‘This House unequivocally accepts the Russian state’s culpability for the poisoning of Yulia and Sergei Skripal’. Labour’s Shadow Defence Secretary Nia Griffith showed her support for Theresa May by saying ‘We very much accept what the Prime Minister said.’Corbyn, coming under enormous Establishment pressure did buckle, saying the Russian authorities ‘needed to be held to account’, even though later he still quite rightly insisted that ‘absolute evidence’ was needed.

READ MORE: UK Shouldn’t ‘Rush Ahead of Evidence’ in Skripal Investigation — Jeremy Corbyn

In bombing Syria on 14th April, Theresa May not only refused to recall Parliament, she also ignored public opinion which showed only 20% in favour of air strikes.  In a genuine democracy that would have  ruled out action. But May treated public opinion with utter contempt. That wonderful passage from ‘The Comments of Moung Ka’ by the Edwardian comic writer Saki springs readily to mind.

‘The people of Britain are what is called a Democracy’ said Moung Ka. ‘A Democracy?’ questioned Moung Thwa. What is that?’

‘A Democracy’ broke in Moung Shooglay eagerly, ‘is a community that governs itself according to its own wishes and  interests by electing accredited representatives who enact its laws and supervise and control their administration. It’s aim and object is government of the community in the interests of the community’.

‘Then’, said Moung Thwa, turning to his neighbour, ‘If the people of Britain are a Democracy-‘

‘I never said they were a Democracy’, interrupted Moung Ka placidly.

‘Surely we both heard you!’, exclaimed Moung Thwa.

‘Not correctly, said Moung Ka; ‘I said they are what is called a Democracy’.

4. The ‘free press’ doesn’t act as you’d expect a ‘free press’ to act. 

The striking thing about the Skripal case and Syria bombings from a journalist’s point of view has been the uniformity of the media coverage.

Right-wing papers like the Telegraph and liberal ones like The Guardian have taken exactly the same stance ie anti-Russian and anti-Syrian government. Whether its because of DSMA-Notices (see 6, below), or not, there’s been no proper questioning of the UK government’s claims about Salisbury — and not much on Syria either. Investigative journalism? What’s that?

The mainstream media is actually less diverse in its opinions now (on the things that really matter) than at the time of the Iraq war where publications like the New Statesman (now a ‘centrist’ Blairite organ), spoke out strongly against intervention. If you want a different perspective on Skripals and Syria you have had to tune in to Russian media, such as Sputnik and RT, and that of course is threatened by the NeoCon Thought Police, who want everyone to be singing from the same pro-war hymn sheet.

5. The role of the security services in the promotion of ‘official narratives’ is very important.

Every time a wheel has come off the Skripal narrative, we’ve been fed information to bolster it from ‘official sources’. After the head of Porton Down said that the  laboratory there was unable to confirm that the nerve agent allegedly used to poison the Skripals came from Russia, the line was pushed that ‘intelligence-led assessments’ pointed to Russian guilt. Could we see these ‘assessments’? Of course not! We just have to believe that they’re there. Then as the ‘nerve handle placed on the door‘ theory began to gain a head of steam we were told that ‘British Intelligence’ had ‘evidence’ that Russia had been testing the nerve agent on door handles prior to 3rd March. Could we see this ‘evidence’? No, of course not.

Alex Thomson of C4 News reported on 12th March that a ‘D-Notice’ had issued by the UK authorities to stop the media from fully identifying Sergei Skripal’s MI6 handler who lived nearby.

​Were other DSMA-Notices issued too regarding the reporting of Salisbury?  If it was so clear that Russia did it, why would they bother?

6. The British public aren’t mugs (or sheep).

​Despite all the propaganda, all the hysterical headlines, all the blatantly biased coverage, the British haven’t bought it. Literally or metaphorically. Inside the Tent gatekeepers have relentlessly attacked those brave individuals who have questioned the official narratives, but its these

individuals- smeared as ‘crackpots’ and ‘conspiracy theorists’ who the public are turning to for their analysis. Compare the number of retweets the former UK Ambassador to Uzbekistan Craig Murray gets when he publishes on the Skripal case, with those who try and denigrate him. My own Twitter following has increased by several thousands since early March. Citizen Halo got a big boost in followers after she was smeared by The Times. After the lies told about Yugoslavia, Iraq, Libya people no longer tamely accept what the NeoCon Establishment tells us. We’re at an  ‘Emperor’s New Clothes’ moment in British politics where more and more people have found the courage to say out loud ‘The Emperor has no clothes!’. The elite have been lying to us and they know that we know they’ve been lying. The question is: what are we going to do about it?

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පිටස්තර බලවේගයක් ජවිපෙ හසුරුවන බව පේනවා – ආචාර්ය නාලක ගොඩහේවා

May 2nd, 2018

පැතුම් වික්‍රමරත්න [Rivira]

මේ වනවිට රට තුළ බරපතළ දේශපාලන අස්ථාවරත්වයක් මතුව තිබෙනවා. ඊට හේතුව ලෙස ඔබ දකින්නේ කුමක්ද?
මෙය වත්මන් රජය බලයට ආ අවස්ථාවේ සිටම අපි දැන සිටි වැළැක්විය නොහැකි අර්බුදයක්. හේතුව වත්මන් රජයේ පාර්ශ්වකරුවන් එකිනෙකට නොගැළපීම. එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂය කවදත් ධනේශ්වර පක්ෂයක්. බණ්ඩාරනායක මහතා ආරම්භ කළ ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂය වාමාංශික නැඹුරුවක් ඇති පක්ෂයක්. මේ පක්ෂ දෙකේ මූලික ප්‍රතිපත්ති, මතවාදයන් එකිනෙකට වෙනස්. එළ හරකෙක් හා මී හරකෙක් නගුලට බැඳගෙන කුඹුරක් හාන්න උත්සාහ කරනවා වගේ එකිනෙකට නොගැළපෙන මතවාදයන් කරපින්නාගත් පක්ෂ දෙකක් ප්‍රධාන කරගත්ත යහපාලන හවුල් ආණ්ඩුව අසාර්ථක වීම පුදුමයක් ‍නෙවෙයි. විටින් විට කැබිනට් සංශෝධන කරමින් මොන ‍පොරොන්දු ජනතාවට දුන්නත් ඉදිරි කාලය තුළ මේ දේශපාලන අර්බුදය එන්න එන්නම උග්‍ර වෙනවා මිස විසඳුමක් බලා‍පොරොත්තු වෙන්න බෑ.

මේ අර්බුද විසඳන්නට ජනාධිපතිවරයා හා අගමැතිවරයා අවංකව උත්සාහ කරනවා කියා ඔබ පිළිගන්නේ නැද්ද?

ඔවුන් රටේ සැබෑ ප්‍රශ්නවලට විසඳුම් දෙන්නට අසමත් බව දැනටමත් පෙන්වා තිබෙනවා. කලින් කලට විවිධාකාර මාධ්‍ය සංදර්ශන හරහා ජනතාවගේ ප්‍රශ්න අමතක කරවන්නට උත්සාහ කරනවා පමණයි. නමුත් ජනතාව දැන් දේශපාලනඥයන්ට වඩා ඉදිරියෙන් ඉන්නේ. ඔවුන් රවටන්නට තවදුරටත් පහසු නැහැ.

අගමැතිට එරෙහි විශ්වාසභංග යෝජනාවෙන් පසු ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂය තුළ බෙදීමක් මතුව තිබෙන බවක් පෙනෙනවා. රජයේ හවුල්කාර පක්ෂයක් තුළ මතුව ඇති මෙම තත්ත්වය රජයේ ඉදිරි ගමනටත් බලපෑමක් ඇතිකරාවිද?

ලංකා ඉතිහාසයේ විවිධ අවස්ථාවල රජයේ මැති ඇමැතිවරු විශාල කණ්ඩායම් ලෙස ආණ්ඩුවලින් ඉවත් වූ හැමවිටම ඉන් සනිටුහන් වූයේ පවතින රජයේ අවසානයයි. එවැනි ඉවත්වීමකින් පසුව පැවැත්වුණ හැම මැතිවරණයකින්ම බලයේ සිටි රජය පරාජය වුණා. එසේ දේශපාලනඥයන් පවතින රජයක් හැර යන්නේ හරියට ගිලෙන නැවකින් මීයෝ එළියට පනිනවා වගේ ජනතා රැල්ල මොන පැත්තටද කියා ඔවුන්ට ඉව වැටෙන නිසයි. මෙවර 16 දෙනකු රජයෙන් ඉවත් වුවහොත් මීළඟ මැතිවරණයේ ප්‍රතිඵලය ඒ අනුව අපට සිතාගත හැකියි.

විශ්වාසභංගයෙන් පසු යළිත් ජනාධිපති ක්‍රමය වෙනස් කිරීම ගැන සංවාදයක් ඇරඹී තිබෙනවා. මෙහි පෙරමුණ ගත්තේ ජනතා විමුක්ති පෙරමුණයි. මේ ගැන ඔබේ අදහස කුමක්ද?

වත්මන් ජනතා විමුක්ති පෙරමුණේ ක්‍රියා කලාපය දෙස සමීපව බලන කෙනකුට ඇතිවන සැකය නම් ඔවුන් යම් පිටස්තර බලවේගයක් මගින් හසුරුවන බවයි. ඔවුන්ගේ ප්‍රමුඛතා තීරණය වන්නේ කාගේ අවශ්‍යතාවට වුණත් ජනතාවගේ අවශ්‍යතාවන් මත නම් නොවෙයි. විශ්වාසභංගයෙන් පසු එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂය හා ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂයේ මෛත්‍රී කණ්ඩායම විශාල අර්බුදයකට මුහුණ දී සිටියදී ජනතා අවධානය ඉන් ඉවතට යොමු කරවීම සඳහාද හදිසියේ මෙම ජනාධිපති ක්‍රමය වෙනස් කිරීමේ යෝජනාවක් මේ අයට මතක් වුණේ කියා අප කල්පනා කළ යුතුයි.

ජනාධිපති ක්‍රමය අහෝසි කිරීමේ යෝජනාව ගැන ඔබේ අදහස කුමක්ද?

ජේ.ආර්. ජයවර්ධන ගෙන ආ 1978 ව්‍යවස්ථාව මගින් තමයි මේ රටට ජනාධිපති ක්‍රමය හඳුන්වා දෙනු ලැබුවේ. එය එතෙක් පැවති පාලන ක්‍රමයේ බරපතළ වෙනසක්. මේ වනවිට එම ව්‍යවස්ථාව 19 වතාවක් සංශෝධනය වී තිබෙනවා.

ඉන් බොහෝමයක් සුළු සුළු සංශෝධන. නමුත් මේ සංශෝධන අතර සුවිශේෂ සංශෝධනයක් තිබෙනවා. ඒ ලංකාවට 1987දී පළාත් සභා ක්‍රමය හඳුන්වා දුන් 13 වැනි සංශෝධනය. දේශපාලන ඉතිහාසය හදාරන ඕනෑම කෙනකු දන්නවා පළාත් සභා ක්‍රමය ඉන්දියාවේ රජිව් ගාන්ධි විසින් ජේ.ආර්. ජයවර්ධන මත බලයෙන් පටවන ලද ක්‍රමයක් බව. එදා ජේ.ආර්ගේම රජයේ සිටි ලලිත් ඇතුලත්මුදලි හා ආර්. ප්‍රේමදාස වැනි ප්‍රබල ඇමැතිවරුන් පවා මෙයට විරුද්ධ වුණා. අද අපි ජනාධිපති ක්‍රමය වෙනස් කරන්නට සාකච්ඡා කරනවා නම් 13 වැනි ව්‍යවස්ථා සංශෝධනයෙන් ගෙන ආ පළාත් පාලන ක්‍රමයත්, ඒ සමගම යළි සාකච්ඡාවට භාජනය විය යුතුයි. එසේ නැතුව හුදෙක් කාලීන දේශපාලන අවශ්‍යතා සඳහා ජනාධිපති ක්‍රමය පමණක් වෙනස් කළ යුතුයි කියා මා සිතන්නේ නැහැ. ගැඹුරින් සිතා සාකච්ඡා කොට ඕනෑම දෙයක් වෙනස් කළ හැකි වුවත් රටට යහපත් දෙයක් මේ රජය යටතේ නම් සිදුවේවි කියා මා විශ්වාස කරන්නේ නැහැ.

විශ්වාසභංගය, කැබිනට් සංශෝධනය ආදී විවිධ දේශපාලන සංදර්ශන හමුවේ ජනතා ගැටලු පිළිබඳ රජයේ අවධානය ගිලිහී ඇති බවක් පෙනෙනවා?

රජය එය සිතා මතාම කරන දෙයක්. ජනතා ගැටලු යට ගැසීමට ඔවුන් විවිධ දේශපාලන සංදර්ශන මවා පෙන්වනවා. මෙය තමයි රටේ අවාසනාව. අද ජනතාව විශේෂයෙන්ම ආර්ථිකමය වශයෙන් බරපතළ ගැටලුවලට මැදිවී සිටිනවා. නමුත් බොහෝ දේශපාලනඥයන් ජනතාව ගැන සංවේදී නැහැ. පාර්ලිමේන්තුවට ආවට පසු ඔවුන් කල්පනා කරන්නේ ලද අවස්ථාවෙන් උපරිම පෞද්ගලික වාසි ලබාගන්නේ කොහොමද කියන එක පමණයි. රාජ්‍ය බලය තිබෙන අය රාජ්‍ය බලය තබාගන්නා හැටි කල්පනා කරනවා. රාජ්‍ය බලය නැති අය බලය ලබාගන්නා හැටි කල්පනා කරනවා. ජනතාව යළිත් ඔවුන්ට අවශ්‍ය වන්නේ ඡන්දයකදී පමණයි.

ඔබ කී දේශපාලන සංදර්ශනයන්ට මුවා වී රටේ ස්වෛරීභාවයට හානිකර දේවල් මෙන්ම රණවිරු දඩයමද දිගින් දිගටම සිදුවෙනවා. මොකද අමතක කරන්න එපා වත්මන් රජය බලයට ආවේ විවිධ බාහිර බලවේගවල උදව්වෙන්. ඒ බොහෝමයක් බලවේග පිටුපස සිටියේ බෙදුම්වාදීන්. රණවිරු දඩයම හා රට බෙදන ව්‍යවස්ථාව ඔවුන් භාරදුන් කොන්ත්‍රාත්තුවේ කොටස්. ඒ ඉල්ලීම ඉටු නොකර ලබන වාරයේ ඒ බාහිර බලවේගවල සහාය ගන්න බැහැ. ඒ නිසා මේ මොන මාධ්‍ය සංදර්ශනය මැද්දේත් ඒ වැඩපිළිවෙළ ක්‍රියාත්මක වෙමින් පවතිනවා. පසුගිය කාලයේ සම්මත වූ බොහෝ අණපනත් හරහා අවශ්‍ය පසුබිම දැනටමත් සකස් කරලයි තිබෙන්නේ.

රටේ පවතින දේශපාලන අස්ථාවර භාවය ආර්ථිකයටද අහිතකර ලෙස බලපා ඇති බවක් පෙනෙනවා. බදු මිල ඉහළ යාම, රුපියල කඩා වැටීම, දේශීය හා විදේශීය ආයෝජන අඩුවීම, කොටස් වෙළෙඳ‍පොළේ මන්දගාමීත්වය වැනි ගැටලු මෙහිදී විශේෂයෙන් පෙන්වා දිය හැකියි.

පැහැදිලිවම රජයේ ආර්ථික කළමනාකරණයේ තිබෙන අසාර්ථකත්වය තමයි මේවාට බලපා තිබෙන්නේ. රජයට නිසි ආර්ථික ප්‍රතිපත්තියක් නැහැ. ඔබ දන්නවා ඇති පසුගිය වසර 3 තුළ යහපාලන රජය ආර්ථික ප්‍රතිපත්ති ප්‍රකාශන 9ක් දක්වා තිබෙන බව. ඒවායේ අඩංගු බොහෝ කරුණු එකිනෙකට ගැළපෙන්නේ නැහැ. මින් පෙනී යන්නේ රජයට නිශ්චිත ආර්ථික ප්‍රතිපත්තියක් නැති බව නේද? රටක ආර්ථිකය හරියට නූල් බෝලයක් වගේ පටලවා ගත්තොත් ලිහන්න බොහොම අමාරුයි. නොදැන අත ගැහුවොත් තවත් පැටලෙනවා. හොඳ අවබෝධයකින්, ඉවසීමෙන් මේ ගැටලුවලට විසඳුම සොයන්න පුළුවන් අයෙක් වත්මන් රජයේ නැහැ. ඒ නිසා දිනෙන් දින ප්‍රශ්න උග්‍ර වෙනවා මිස ජනතා ආර්ථික ගැටලුවලට විසඳුම් දෙන්නට රජයට බෑ.

ඔබ හිතනවාද වෙනත් රජයකට මේ ගැටලු විසඳන්නට පුළුවන් කියා?

ඇයි බැරි? අත්දැකීම් තිබෙන, දැනුම තිබෙන, නිසි ආර්ථික දැක්මක් තිබෙන කණ්ඩායමකට නිසි නායකත්වය දුන්නොත් මේ ආර්ථික ප්‍රශ්නවලට විසඳුම් සෙවීම මහා ගැටලුවක් නොවෙයි. මතක තබාගන්න මේ රටේ පසුගිය කාලයේ යුද්ධයකුත් තිබුණා. ලෝක මූල්‍ය අර්බුදයක්, ලෝක ආහාර අර්බුදයක්, ලෝක තෙල් අර්බුදයක් වැනි ප්‍රශ්න රාශියක් මැද තමයි මින් පෙර රජයන්ට ආර්ථිකය හසුරුවන්නට වූයේ. අද ඒ ප්‍රශ්න මොකුත් නැහැ. අද තිබෙන ප්‍රශ්නය ඉතා සරලවම කියනවා නම් බැරිකමයි.

පැතුම් වික්‍රමරත්න [Rivira]

කැබිනට් ඇමතිකමක් ගන්න සුදුසුකම හොරෙක් වීමයි.. මාත් හොරෙක් වී කැබිනට් ඇමති වෙනවා..- රන්ජන් [Video]

May 2nd, 2018

 lanka C news

හොරකම් වංචා කිරීම ඇමති ධුරයක් ගැනීමට සුදුසුකමක් වනු ඇතැයි තමනට මෙවර ඇමති සංශෝධනය අනුව සිතෙන නිසා තමනටද හොරකම් වංචා සිදු කිරීමට සිතෙන බව නියෝජ්‍ය ඇමති රන්ජන් රාමනායක මහතා පවසයි.

ඇමති සංශෝධනයෙන් පසු මාධ්‍ය වෙත අදහස් පල කරමින් ඔහු මෙම අදහස් පල කලේය.

Needed: 21-A

May 2nd, 2018

The Editorial Courtesy The Island


Twenty seven State and Deputy Ministers were sworn in, yesterday, before President Maithripala Sirisena, who seems to think that he can usher in good governance by reshuffling the Cabinet. Nobody knows how many more ministers will be appointed in the coming weeks. It looks as if an MP could become a minister by threatening to leave the government or rebelling against the leaders of either the SLFP or the UNP. That may be the reason why some UNP backbenchers are staging protests and criticising the party leadership openly.

With those sworn in, yesterday, now we have 114 ministers, including 42 in the Cabinet and 45 in the provincial councils for a population of only 21 million. If India were to adopt this ratio, god forbid, it would have at least 7,000 ministers at the Centre and in the states.

Indians are lucky that the 91st Amendment (91-A) to their Constitution prevents the number of ministers either in the union government or in state governments from exceeding 15 percent of the total number of members of the Lower House of Parliament or the state legislature respectively.

The yahapalana leaders’ predilection for Indian models is only too well known. Strangely, they don’t seem keen to take a leaf out of India’s book anent the number of ministers.

Meanwhile, it does not make sense to have as many as 225 MPs, because there are nine provincial councils with 441 members. The number of MPs should be drastically reduced.

The JVP has proposed the 20th Amendment to the Constitution, seeking the abolition of the executive presidency. This move has gone down well with some political parties and civil society outfits. Let the Rathu Sahodarayas be urged to propose another amendment, modelled on India’s 91-A, to limit the number of ministers, without provision for increases on any grounds.

Rupee Depreciation Policy of the Yahapalanaya Regime has increased Sri Lanka Total Debt Stock by Rs. 836 billion so far

May 2nd, 2018

* Increase in the Total Debt Stock due to the Depreciation of the Rupee since the Yahapalanaya government came to power, reaches a staggering Rs. 836.0 billion, which is equivalent to over six times the amount borrowed to construct the Hambantota Port.

* Self-proclaimed Economic Guru of the current government who used to be greatly agitated when the Sri Lankan Rupee depreciated by even 10 cents against the USD during the Rajapaksa era, has asserted that the recent Rupee Depreciation is “beneficial” to the economy and the country.

* Government will have to allocate more funds in Sri Lankan Rupees for the same Forex repayments in Rupee terms when the Rupee depreciates, since the Government will have to “buy” the required Forex from the market or the Central Bank has to settle the Forex loan instalments and interest payments.

* Central Bank has a statutory duty to maintain “economic and price stability” and therefore, has “to maintain the international stability of the Sri Lanka Rupee and its free convertibility for current international transactions”, as per the Monetary Law Act.

* People of Sri Lanka have a right to be appraised of the damage to the country and the economy, if the authorities do not manage the economy and the exchange rate in a balanced and sensible manner.

*Attitude of the present economic authorities who appear to be highly comfortable with the current depreciating trend of the Rupee, is of great concern.

*Authorities seems to be implementing a deliberate policy of depreciating the Sri Lankan currency rapidly, which may drive stakeholders towards panic-driven actions, which may further affect the now-fragile economy.

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Central Bank of Sri Lanka

In its Annual Reports of 2015, 2016 and 2017, the Central Bank sets out the “increase in the total debt stock” due to “the depreciation of the rupee against several major currencies”. Table 1 sets out such data.

Table 1: Increase in Debt Stock due to Depreciation of Rupee
Source: CBSL Annual Report

The total Forex Loans Outstanding as at the end 2017, as per the Annual Report 2017 was Rs. 4,719 billion in Rupee terms, or USD 31.4 billion in US Dollar terms. The Central Bank has also stated in a statement on 26th April 2018, that the Sri Lankan Rupee has depreciated by 2.9% against the USD up to 25th April 2018. On that basis, the increase in the Total Debt Stock due to the Rupee Depreciation during 2018, could be computed as being a further Rs. 139.1 billion upto 25th April 2018.

Accordingly, the total increase in the Total Debt Stock due to the Depreciation of the Rupee since the Yahapalanaya government came to power, would be staggering Rs. 836.0 billion, which has been already added to the Sri Lanka Government’s total debt stock, without being represented by a corresponding asset.

In this context, it may be recollected that in the past, the allegation levelled at the previous Government by the current Government’s “economic experts” was that certain infrastructure assets which they claimed were “under-productive” were financed with loans and added to the country’s asset stock, thus burdening the people. Nevertheless, there was no dispute that physical assets had indeed been added to the country’s infrastructure, while the total debt stock was increasing. For example, with the Hambantota Port being added to the asset stock of the country, a loan of approximately USD 1,100 million (Rs.132 billion) from China was added to the debt stock. In this regard, it is now clear that significant value had also been received by the country in respect of such funds borrowed by the previous Government, since the current Government has now apparently negotiated to “sell” a 60% stake of that asset, at the same cost as incurred by the previous Government to construct the entire asset.

However, in stark contrast, even after a sum of Rs. 836.0 billion (which is equivalent to over 6 times the amount borrowed to construct the Hambantota Port) has been added to the “debt stock” of the country, no asset has been added to the “infrastructure asset stock” of the country. As a further comparison, it may be noted that the total tax collected by way of Income Tax and VAT in 2017 of Rs.719.0 billion was less than the above addition to the Debt!

A recent statement by the Central Bank has claimed that “as loans are obtained in foreign currency, these loans and interest component can be settled with income received in foreign currency, or with additional loans obtained in foreign currency”. What has however not been said in that statement is that the Government will have to allocate more funds in Sri Lankan Rupees for the same Foreign loan repayments in Rupee terms as and when the Rupee depreciates, since the Government will have to “buy” the required Forex from the market or the Central Bank, in order to settle the Forex loan and interest payments.

As is well-known, the Government makes an appropriation of the funds required for the servicing of the Public Debt each year. When doing so, the Ministry of Finance computes the loan amounts due and the interest payable on the Forex loans, based upon the expected exchange rate in the coming year. Thereafter, as and when repayments and interest payments fall due, the Government “purchases” Forex from the Central Bank Reserve with Rupees, and settles the Forex loans in the foreign currency. At the same time, as and when possible, the Central Bank replenishes the Forex in its Reserve, by “purchasing” Forex from the Forex Market. Accordingly, it will be clear that additional Rupee funds needed due to the Rupee depreciation will have to be raised by the Government at the time of repayment of the Forex loans, which, in turn, means that the Government will have to further tax the people who are already reeling under the new tax regime, or borrow new funds (in Rupees or Forex), to meet those obligations. Hence, the claim as reported as having been made at a recent media conference by the Central Bank Governor to the effect that the Central Bank settles the Government’s foreign currency loans with the Central Bank’s existing reserves, and therefore there is no impact on the exchange rate is simply untenable, because the Central Bank itself will have to “purchase” Forex from the market, as and when required, so that it will be in a position to provide such Forex to the Government to enable the Government to settle its debts.

As per the Monetary Law (MLA) the Central Bank has a statutory duty to maintain “economic and price stability”. In so doing, it has “to maintain the international stability of the Sri Lanka Rupee and its free convertibility for current international transactions”. Sections 66 (1) and 66 (2) of the MLA provides useful guidance as to the factors that need to be considered in “International Monetary Stabilization”, which inter alia, states that the Bank must give consideration to “the volume and maturity of the foreign exchange assets and liabilities of the Government and of banking institutions and other persons in Sri Lanka” in this endeavour. It follows therefore that any effort to determine the exchange rate on the basis of imports and exports only, and thereafter attempting to maintain such exchange rate through the purchase or supply of Forex using the Central Bank Reserve, could sometimes be quite detrimental to other key macro-fundamentals and may even be a violation of the provisions of the MLA. Therefore, instead of being guided by ad-hoc or knee-jerk or IMF-imposed dictates, the Central Bank would do well to give the signal to the world that it is responsive to the diverse needs of the different stakeholder-interests within the economy and act accordingly.

In a recent statement, a self-proclaimed economic guru of the current government who used to be greatly agitated when the Sri Lankan Rupee depreciated by even 10 cents against the USD during the Rajapaksa era, has asserted that the recent Rupee depreciation is “beneficial” to the economy and the country. Of course, this “expert” is quite entitled to bask in a “Fool’s Paradise” and claim that the depreciation of the Rupee does no harm to the economy. Nevertheless, the people of the country have a right to be appraised of the damage that will be suffered by the country and the economy, if the authorities do not manage the economy and the exchange rate in a balanced and sensible manner. That was the reason as to why, as a former Governor, I issued the following statement to the media on 25th April 2018:

“During the past one week, the Sri Lankan Rupee has depreciated Rs.1.58 (from Rs.157.46 to Rs.159.04) against the USD. Since the foreign debt of Sri Lanka is approximately USD 30 billion, the depreciation of the currency during the past week has increased the total public debt by around Rs.47 billion. To understand such debt increase in perspective, the following facts are relevant:

a) The investment on the Colombo-Katunayake Expressway was Rs.48 billion

b) The investment on the Mattala airport was Rs.30 billion

c) The expenditure in 2014 for the Samurdhi benefit and the Fertilizer subsidy was Rs.47 billion

The above simple comparison shows the extent to which the current Government is leading the Sri Lankan economy to ruin…”

My brief comment was made with the purpose of highlighting the serious ramifications surrounding the present rapid and (perhaps) deliberate policy of Rupee depreciation which is gripping the people of our country and sending shock waves across the entire economy. It was also meant to prompt policy makers to take cognisance of the current alarming situation and arrest the damaging trend, which is pushing our economy towards ruin. If however, the “economic experts” of the current administration truly believe that it is beneficial for the Rupee to continue its rapid depreciation, and even believe that the Central Bank Foreign Reserves are generated out of thin-air without having to be paid for with Sri Lankan Rupees at the prevailing exchange rate, then such “economic experts” may continue their present policy framework, without worrying about my comments.

In any event, I now firmly believe that it is not possible to convince or attempt to convince these “experts”, and that is why I decided to appraise the public of the current situation and warn them about the impending dangers. However, now after seeing, reading and hearing the responses of the economic authorities, I believe that the greater danger stems from the attitude of the present economic authorities who appear to be truly comfortable with the current depreciating trend of the Rupee. In such a background, other stakeholders of the economy may be forgiven if they fear that the authorities are implementing a deliberate policy of rapidly depreciating the Sri Lankan currency, which may drive them towards panic-driven actions, which will further adversely effect the now-fragile economy.

Finally, I wish to state that it is obvious that the Central Bank’s statement of 25th April 2018 was referring to my comment made the previous day. Nevertheless, the Central Bank had (hopefully, inadvertently) attributed certain comments, as having been made in my brief statement, as follows:

“A news item that appeared in a national newspaper has emphasized that the depreciation of the Sri Lankan rupee against the US dollar has led to an increase in the outstanding external debt stock of the country, incurring a cost to the country in terms of local currency which could otherwise be used in investment projects.”

“Even though the value of the rupee in terms of the foreign currency changes, the foreign currency equivalent of loans and the interest to be repaid would not change. Therefore, the argument that ‘the external debt burden of the government has increased significantly due to the depreciation of the rupee’ is a misinterpretation of facts.”

“The statement that ‘if such a depreciation of the rupee did not arise, the government could have saved billions of rupees and this money could have been used for other mega development projects’ is also not correct.”

A simple reading of my comment, which I have set out above, would confirm that it did not contain the aforesaid statements attributed (indirectly) to me.

Higher Education Ministry responsible for biggest injustice in my life – Wijedasa

May 2nd, 2018

Newly appointed Minister of Higher Education and Cultural Affairs, Wijeyadasa Rajapakshe, says that the Ministry of Higher Education is responsible for the biggest injustice in his life.

While expressing his contentment on receiving the ministerial portfolio, he said that it was seen that the new Cabinet appointments were done on a scientific basis and coincidently, he has always received ministerial portfolios that were selected on a scientific basis.

He said that the University Grants Commission (UGC) under the Higher Education Ministry had done the biggest injustice in his life.

According to him, after passing his GCE A/L examination, the UGC didn’t grant his request to enroll at the law faculty and yet 34 other students who received lower marks than him were permitted to follow the subject. Instead he was pushed on to the Faculty of Arts at University of Ruhuna, he mentioned.

He states that he wasn’t ready to accept the UGC as the decider of his fate.

Minister Rajapakshe further stated that if it wasn’t for the enmity shown to him by the UGC, he might not have been here today.

He minister was speaking after officially assuming duties at the ministry premises today.

Sri Lankan rupee hits all-time low; cenbank intervenes

May 2nd, 2018

Courtesy Reuters

COLOMBO, May 2 (Reuters) – The Sri Lankan rupee hit a fresh low on Wednesday on importer demand for the U.S. currency, dealers said, but recovered after the central bank intervened in the market.

The local unit gained for the first time in seven sessions on Tuesday, after hitting a record low in the previous five straight sessions as dollar demand from importers and banks surpassed greenback sales by exporters.

Deputy central bank governor Nandalal Weerasinghe on Wednesday said the central bank intervened on Tuesday and Wednesday after high volatility.

The central bank on Friday said it would intervene to support the rupee when necessary and that there was no reason for the rupee to be under pressure given the country’s record $10 billion foreign currency reserves.

The rupee hit an all-time low of 157.90 per dollar during trade, but ended at 157.80/158.00 per dollar, marginally weaker from Tuesday’s close of 157.70/90.

It fell 0.9 percent last week and 1.5 percent in April.

Still we see downward pressure on the currency because there are some debt outflows expected next week,” a currency dealer said.

The rupee has weakened 2.7 percent so far this year. It dropped 2.5 percent last year and 3.9 percent in 2016.

Dealers said they expect the rupee to gradually weaken and face higher volatility this year due to debt repayments by the government.

Foreign investors sold government securities worth a net 288.6 million rupees so far this year through April 25, central bank data showed.

How to Celebrate the World’s Best-Known Ascetic? Stop Partying, Some Say

May 2nd, 2018

By 

COLOMBO, Sri Lanka — It was time to reclaim the holiday. To put the Buddha back into Vesak, so to speak.

But as Sri Lankans prepared to celebrate Vesak, the holiday this week commemorating Buddha’s birth, enlightenment and death, the government shook a stern finger. The celebrations had become too indulgent, a directive warned.

The commemoration should be a time for prayer and meditation, not fun and games, the minister of Buddha Sasana, a government department dedicated to Buddhism, had declared in March. The minister banned the pandols, large illustrations depicting Buddha’s life in bright paint and neon lights, which cost hundreds of dollars and take hours to build for the holiday, only to be thrown out after the celebrations.


Worshipers in Colombo, Sri Lanka, getting ready on Sunday to celebrate the holiday of Vesak at Kelaniya Temple. CreditAdam Dean for The New York Times

The outcry against the ban, from citizens and within government itself, surprised the minister. A compromise was struck: The first day of Vesak would be reserved for prayer while the rest of the week would be more lighthearted. And yes, pandols would be allowed. But only on the second day.

Secular fun, excess and garish display would keep their place.

Photo

Burning incense at Kelaniya Temple on Sunday. CreditAdam Dean for The New York Times
Photo

Worshipers at Kelaniya Temple. CreditAdam Dean for The New York Times

The struggle over the soul of Vesak reflects tensions in the place of religion in Sri Lanka, whose population is 70 percent Buddhist. The pandols have become a symbol of a growing class of Sri Lankans drifting away from their religion as they embrace a more consumer-driven lifestyle. The festivals have become corporate marketing opportunities.

Meanwhile, Buddhist priests decry the excess surrounding a festival commemorating a man who shunned his family fortune for an ascetic life, saying the waste around Vesak have become too much. They argue the festival as it is celebrated now often fails to promote the Buddhist traditions of simplicity and the pursuit of a life that sought spiritual satisfaction instead of acquiring material goods that they say weigh the soul down.

Vesak is celebrated in Sri Lanka when the first full moon of May rises. Buddhists across Asia observe the holiday, which may fall at different times depending on the calendar each country uses. Also known as Buddha’s birthday,” Vesak is one of the most important holidays in the religion.

We want people to focus on Lord Buddha’s birth, the spirituality,” said Piyal Kasthurirathne, a religious Buddhist preparing to celebrate the holiday. This shouldn’t become a Mickey Mouse religion.”

Like others in this nation island, he looked at Christmas’s evolution with concern: Jesus Christ giving way to Santa Claus, church foregone for boozy holiday parties. Conservative groups in the United States are also reacting, demanding the country put the Christ back in Christmas,” as the common refrain goes.

On Sunday, the devout, clad in all white, gathered at temples across Sri Lanka at the break of dawn to mark the start of Vesak, praying, burning incense or offering flowers to Buddha statues.

At Kelaniya, a temple that attracts some of the more dedicated practitioners in and around the capital Colombo, the crowds heaved in the morning’s already sweltering temperatures. Throngs of worshipers sat on the earth around the bleach-white stupa, a large dome that represents the earth’s elements and is used as a place of meditation.

About five miles away, at the Gangaramaya temple in the heart of Colombo, the urban elite gathered, those who are described as more socially Buddhist,” the type of people the minister’s decree took aim at.

Vesak commemorations at Gangaramaya tend to be more festive, with prizes given for lantern building, another tradition that has become too commercial, critics say. Families historically came together at home to build lanterns on Vesak, but now the tradition includes a popular cash prize competition, with businesses and even separate police divisions competing at temples like Gangaramaya.

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A ceremonial elephant leading a parade at Gangaramaya Temple in Colombo. CreditAdam Dean for The New York Times
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A pandol, a large illuminated display, near Gangaramaya Temple. CreditAdam Dean for The New York Times

A cluster of people gathered outside the temple in the late afternoon on Sunday to watch the prime minister enter for prayers. Traditional dancers wilted in the heat, under heavy necklaces made of metal flowers woven together like chain mail, extending to their bellybuttons.

They nervously eyed an elephant that was to lead their procession, as it rattled its head continuously. A thick chain around the elephant’s neck clanked loudly underneath a red and gold cape-like sheath that extended into a mask with holes cut out for the animal’s eyes.

As dusk set in and the prime minister left the temple, the procession began and fireworks announced the start of the evening’s celebrations. Bands played religious music and food stands offered free drink and snacks, a form of alms giving, although big food and beverage companies have entered the festival in recent years to sell their products.

Chinese laborers working on nearby projects arrived in yellow hard hats and bright orange safety vests, joining Sri Lankans as they bought ice cream. Two brightly lit boats filled with monks singing Buddhist songs crisscrossed a nearby pond.

Only one pandol was in the vicinity of Gangaramaya temple, out of the way, its lights turned off. It would have to wait for its debut the next day.

But dozens of tents with decorative lanterns, some 10 feet tall, dotted the roads leading to the temple, extending in a four-mile radius. When the minister announced the pandol ban in March, it was unclear whether lanterns would also be prohibited. They were spared in the end.

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Vesak commemorations at Gangaramaya tend to be more festive, with prizes given for lantern building, another tradition that has become too commercial, critics say.CreditAdam Dean for The New York Times
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An illuminated display depicting a popular Buddhist tale of a woman whose family members die in various ways. CreditAdam Dean for The New York Times

Tent number 158 drew the biggest crowd. It had a tableau depicting a shrieking eagle with flashing red eyes, its talons clutching a baby doll as it circled above an ominous landscape — a dead man, a second baby drowning in a lake, a house on fire and a bare-chested, feral-looking woman screaming at the sky. A small statue of Buddha with flickering neon lights looked down on her from its perch on a mountain.

The scene depicted a popular Buddhist tale of a woman whose family members die in various ways. After she goes mad with despair, she realizes nothing in life is permanent and she attains enlightenment by shedding her material belongings.

A female Buddhist monk looked at the scene with her peers. I asked whether she approved.

This isn’t maintaining the spirituality around our ancient traditions,” she said. But the people like it.”

The engineer of the stand, M.D. Dahanayaka, agreed but said he’d spent many Vesaks giving people what they wanted: beautiful lanterns to look at.

I asked him if he thought his stand would be disqualified, as it looked more like a display of horrors than a lantern.

Fine, it may not be a lantern,” Mr. Dahanayaka relented. But I have the support of the public and the blessing of the people.”

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Performers singing on boats near Gangaramaya Temple. CreditAdam Dean for The New York Times

Despot Disrobed or Potshot Misdirected?

May 1st, 2018

Dilrook Kannangara

I was shocked to read Sarath De Alwis’ article titled ‘Despot Disrobed’ in Colombo Telegraph. It’s aimed at Gotabaya Rajapaksa. It prompted me to write this response to dispel many false allegations and shocking connotations in that article. This is my right to reply as a very concerned citizen.

It starts with a quote on Polpot, the Cambodian dictator responsible for genocide and crimes against humanity. This is a very unfair comparison which ruins the objectivity of the entire article. Gotabaya has not shown any resemblance or potential of the Cambodian dictator. In fact, Gotabaya contributed as an uniformed military personnel and Defence Secretary to eliminate local Polpots, twice. Robert McNamara is a far better comparison, but Gotabaya’s restraint in warfare far exceeds that of the former US Defence Secretary. Alleged use of force and violence outside the war are merely accusations; unproven and unsubstantiated. It is best to allow courts to take the course of justice without jumping into conclusions.

The main charge of the article is that the former Defence Secretary was in charge of intelligence services during the time of Lasantha’s murder. Chronology of events doesn’t support this claim. The writer quotes from a speech made by the former Defence Secretary in 2013 on how he merged a multitude of intelligence agencies to better co-ordinate under his supervision. Lasantha was killed in January 2009. The speech was made more than four years of the conditions that existed in 2013. The writer may be unaware of the fact that our intelligence services were restructured in 2011 when they were brought under the supervision of the Defence Secretary. Concurrently, a new modern building was to be constructed for their use. Were there any incidents like the Lasantha incident after that?

Following the Ceasefire Agreement (CFA) of 2002 which was declared illegal by the Court of Appeal in 2008, Tamil terrorists killed dozens of intelligence personnel. This prompted these agencies to decentralize to save their personnel. The army had many intelligence units. As the Army Commander, Sarath Fonseka was in charge of these. In addition, he also supervised the role of the Terrorist Investigation Division (TID). He did an excellent job in keeping Colombo safe from repeated Tamil terrorist attempts. Some of his highly effective yet controversial security arrangements including the tighter control of visitors to cheap lodges in Colombo sparked rowdy protests by Tamil sections. When the terrorism threat was eliminated in May 2009, it made sense to amalgamate intelligence services.

Gotabaya settled matters with Lasantha through courts. He filed defamation cases against Lasantha. Media reach of Lasantha was at an unprofitable low by early 2009. According to another senior associated with the newspaper group, a weekly donation from a third party sustained the finances of the company. It made no sense for Gotabaya to allow the killing of Lasantha who had become irrelevant in the wider Lankan society by then.

It is important to complete the investigation and prosecute the culprits. Welikada prison massacre must be investigated and its culprits must be punished. Convicted criminals carrying machine guns is not a matter to be pushed under the carpet. As a responsible government, guns had to be separated from criminals. It does not justify execution-style killings (if they happened).

‘White van abductions’ is another series of events blamed on Gotabaya. Strangely, there is not a single police complaint backed by evidence of anyone permanently missing due to this. On the other hand, there is nothing wrong in restricting movements of a terrorist or anyone with explosives or attack plans in their possession. That saves lives.

I’m no apologist for Gotabaya who is capable of defending himself through the courts system. Clearest proof of his innocence comes from USA. He is a US citizen and there is nothing that prevents the US government or any US citizen from filing legal action against him. US citizens are under the US law no matter where they reside. Besides Gotabaya never held any position that attracts diplomatic immunity. Even if he had diplomatic immunity, it doesn’t operate against USA for a US citizen. It’s an internal matter to USA. Close to 9 years have passed but nothing of the sort has happened. The war crimes beggar’s wound keeps the Tamil separatist lobby and a Sri Lankan political section going. Both lose if the war crimes beggar’s wound heals. One needs it to sell their separatist demands while the other needs it to win votes.

As the 2019 presidential election draws near, these things against Gotabaya (who is poised to win it) will only increase. With Ranil outsourcing contesting it to someone more capable, the Opposition must not take the contest for granted. Only Gotabaya can win the 2019 presidential election from the Opposition camp. Anyone else will most likely lose.

AN OPEN MESSAGE SENT TO NEW MINISTER OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND CULTURAL AFFAIRS – HON WIJEYDASA RAJAPAKSA.

May 1st, 2018

Noor Nizam. Convener – “The Muslim Voice”.

May 1st., 2018.

Hon. Wijeydasa Rajapaksa,

Sir,

Your appointment as a minister to the cabinet is much welcomed by The Muslim Voice”.

We are happy to learn that you have been appointed as the Hon. Minister of Higher Education and Cultural Affairs in the new reshuffled cabinet today.

The Muslim Voice” which has always been supportive of you political endavours and career, wish you the very best in your the political struggle against the elements who are trying to cut you down in the political playing field of Sri Lanka and achieving success.

You will have the support of the Sri Lankan Muslim Community who believe in reality and community harmony as good as the Sinhala patriotic community of our “Maathruboomiya”, in your endeavours, Sir.

Sincerely.

Noor Nizam.

Convener – “The Muslim Voice”.

Memorabilia and the hysterical mind of Jaffna University (JU) Students.

May 1st, 2018

Kanthar Balanathan

Quite frequently our Tamil youngsters in the North are critically frantic and hysterical with building memorabilia at odd places. Recently a media commented that the Jaffna University students started building memorabilia inside Jaffna Campus.

Students of the University wanted to remember the people who died during the war, hence started the construction. The Uni administration allowed to construct next to the so-called martyr’s memorabilia. The high Education of the ministry denied and ordered to stop construction of the said memorabilia on the 25th. It is believed that this construction was in anticipation of the upcoming 18th May martyr’s day remembrance celebration.

GOSL approved Universities in various region and one in Jaffna. The concept of a University was forgotten by the impeding Tamil students. For the last so many years the Students Union is engaged in terrorist activities of revolting against GOSL propagating that they run the country and what they say is correct. Some professors were involved with the student’s union. Creating racial tension and fights between the Sinhalese and Tamils are a culture among the Tamil violent students.

Why are they engaged in violent activities?

Are they being driven by some violent terrorist mentality politicians?

Are the students being trained to evolve as another LTTE?

Are they planning to create a new New-LTTE terrorist front to fight GOSL?

Do they understand and realise that the North and Jaffna is being perished by their own politicians?

Instead of engaging themselves in building construction (Memorabilia), why not engage in cleaning the Jaffna city? (voluntary service)-If they are so patriotic with the North of SriLanka.

Why do the students want to keep the memory of terrorist in the minds of Tamils?

Sometimes back the foolish Tamil Diaspora joined with Nedumaran of Tamil Nadu were collecting funds to construct such memorabilia in Tanjore. What a nonsense and foolish act?

Finally, are we to conclude that the University is driving the students NUTS and to be racial psychiatric models of the world?

 

Professors in Tamil Language and Literature should ensure to teach the students in Tamil literature, and culture, NOT terrorism and racism. It is disgusting and disgrace to the Tamil community all over the world. Let the Professors of JU refine and reform their culture.

 ඇකඩමික් අර්බුධය

May 1st, 2018

වෛද් රුවන් එම් ජයතුංග 

දිවංගත ජනාධිපති රණසිංහ ප්‍රේමදාස  මේ වන විට ප්‍රබල දේව ආත්මයකට පත්ව සිටින බව මනාව තහවුරු කර ගැනීමට තමන්ට අවකාශ ලැබී ඇතැයි පේරාදෙණිය විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයේ සමාජ විද්‍යා අධ්‍යයන අංශයේ මහාචාර්‍ය දයා අමරසේකර මහතා පවසයි. මේ බව කියන්නේ දේවාලයක කපුවෙක් හෝ විඝටන ආබාධයකින් (Dissociative disorder ) හෝ භින්නෝන්මාදයෙන් (Schizophrenia) පෙලෙන රෝගියෙකු විසින් නොවේ. ලංකාවේ ප්‍රකට විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයක මහාචාර්‍යවරයෙකි. 

මීට ඉහතදී කැළනිය විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයේ මහාචාර්‍ය නලීන් ද සිල්වා නාථ දෙවියන් මගින් පරියේෂණ කල බව කියමින් විනෝද සමයක්  ගෙන ආවේය.  මහාචාර්‍ය නලීන් ද සිල්වා නාථ පරියේෂණය පිලිබඳව මම යෝක් විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයේ පරියේෂණ මහාචාර්‍ය ඇල්ස්ටෙයාර් මැප් හට කීවෙමි. මහාචාර්‍ය ඇල්ස්ටෙයාර් මැප් දෑස් ලොකු කරගෙන මදෙස බලා සිටියා විනා කිසිවක් නොකීවේය​. 

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ බොහෝ විශ්ව විද්‍යාල (ඊනියා)  උගතුන් හට බරපතල අර්බුධයක් තිබේ. එනම් තම ක්ශේත්‍රයේ අන්තර්ජාතික වශයෙන් පිලිගැනෙන පරියේෂණයක් , ග්‍රන්ථයක් , පත්‍රිකාවක් එළි දැක්වීමට තිබෙන නොහැකියාවයි. එම නිසා ලෝකය ඉදිරියේ තමන් නිකමෙකු බවට පෙනී යන විට මෙවැනි බහුරූ කෝලම් ඔවුන් විසින් පෙන්වනු ලැබේ. එමගින් අවම වශයෙන් ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ජීවත් වන විචාර බුද්ධිය  අඩු කොටස් අතර ඔවුන් ජනප්‍රිය වෙති. 

කොලඹ විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයේ තාරකා විද්‍යාඥයෙකු බව කියන මහාචාර්‍ය චන්දන ජයරත්න තමන් ගේ ක්ශේත්‍රයේ පිලිගැනෙන පරියේෂණයක් , ග්‍රන්ථයක් , පත්‍රිකාවක් කල බවක් අප අසා නැත​. එහෙත් ඔහු මානසික රෝගීන්ට ප්‍රතිකාර කරන්නෙකි. වරක් මනෝ වෛද්‍ය නීල් ප්‍රනාන්දු මහතා  මට අපූරු කතාවක් කීවේය​. මේ 2003 පමණ කාලයේ සිදුවූ සිදුවීමකි. 

මනෝ වෛද්‍ය නීල් ප්‍රනාන්දු මහතා විසින් ප්‍රතිකාර කරන ලද කාන්තා භින්නෝන්මාද රෝගියෙකු ඥාතීන් විසින් මානසික ප්‍රතිකාර සඳහා තාරකා විද්‍යාඥ චන්දන ජයරත්න වෙත ගෙන යන ලදි. කපුවෙකු මෙන් සුදු වතින් සැරසී සිටි චන්දන ජයරත්න  රෝගියාට මනෝ වෛද්‍ය නීල් ප්‍රනාන්දු මහතා විසින් නිර්දේශ කරන ලද  ප්‍රති මනෝව්‍යාධික ඖෂධ සියල්ල නවතා දමන ලෙසට උපදෙස් දුන්නේය​. ඉන් පසු  රෝගී කාන්තාවට සහ ඇයගේ ඥාතීන්ට කියා සිටියේ යාබද නිවසේ අය විසින් කරන ලද කොඩි විණයක් නිසා භූත ආත්මයක් ඇයගේ ශරීර ගතවී සිටින බවකි. ඉන් පසු සිදු වූයේ ජන්ජාලයකි. ඔවුන් අසල් වැසියන් සමග උරණව දබර කර ගත්තෝය​. ඖෂධ නොමැති වීම නිසා භින්නෝන්මාද රෝගී කාන්තාවගේ මනෝව්‍යාධික තත්වය උත්සන්න වූවාය​. අවසානයේදී ඇය දිවි තොර කර ගැනීමට පවා ගියාය​. කෙසේ නමුත්  යලිත් අංගොඩ රෝහල වෙත රෝගී කාන්තාව ගෙන ඒමෙන් පසුව යලිත් ඇය නිසි ප්‍රතිකාර ලැබුවාය​. 

මේ කතා වලින් පෙනී යන්නේ අද ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ  ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ බොහෝ විශ්ව විද්‍යාල වල ආචාර්‍ය, මහාචාර්‍ය වරුන් පත්ව සිටින දුක්ඛදායක තත්වයයි. ඔවුන් දැණුම සොයා නොයති. දැණුම ලැබෙන සාකච්ඡා නොපවත්වති. අන්තර්ජාතික ප්‍රජාව සමග සම්බන්ධ වී දැණුම ගවේශණය නොකරති. මේ නිසා සීමිත දැණුමක් සමග  කොටු වෙන ඔවුන් විචාර බුද්ධිය  අඩු කොටස්  අතර පණ්ඩිතයන් මෙන් පෙනී සිටීම සඳහා බහුරූ කෝලම් කතා කියමින් ගැලරිය පිනවති.  

වෛද්‍ය රුවන් එම් ජයතුංග 

TRIBUTE  TO A VETERAN JOURNALIST – REGGIE FERNANDO

May 1st, 2018

By Dr. Tilak S. Fernando

I was deeply saddened to learn about the demise of Reggie Fernando, on 22 April 2018, in Sri Lanka, the veteran journalist and a worthy friend from London. He commenced journalism as a staff writer at the ‘Daily News’. Subsequently, in the UK, he continued with his writing to the ‘Daily News’ and ‘Evening Observer’ and ‘The Sunday Observer’ and became the longest serving London Correspondent for the Associated Newspaper Group.

Reggie needed no introduction in Sri Lanka or in London. Apart from his journalistic skills, he was known as a ‘dare devil’ in the ‘Ceylon’ Motor Cycle Club (CMCC) during his young days, among the cream of riders and drivers such as the Dean brothers – Rally and Zacky, Chandra de Costa, U.D. Jinadasa, and many more. Among the drivers were the unbeatable Cedric Seneviratne, Norman Suby, G.C. Johnston and M.I. Rauf, to name a few, who battled it out every year for honours, realizing that motor racing was a more perilous pursuit than bullfighting.


Reggie Fernando was privileged to represent Sri Lanka on a United Nations summit, as the Sri Lankan Media Representative. He also had the rare honour of attending Prince Charles’ wedding in London, as the only Sri Lankan journalist, officially invited to grace the occasion.

Diplomatic Career

His brief experience, as a diplomatic officer, in the capacity of Information Attaché’ at the Sri Lankan Embassy in Sweden, opened his retrospection to give a better vision to Sri Lankan compatriots on affairs affecting Sri Lanka in the form of news. Upon returning to London, he wasted no time in contemplating on a local newspaper in the UK.

In this direction ‘Newslanka’  had to be his brain child, despite the enormity of responsibilities it carried to publish a newspaper single handed, on a weekly basis. However, his determined resolve made him a winner.

Once retired, in a more relaxed manner, he handed over the reins of the publication to his son, Chinthaka, and Reggie parted with his bags of knowledge and experience in journalism by being the Editor in Chief of Newslanka, a job he could easily supervise, advice and execute even from Colombo or Nuwara Eliya.

Once I wrote to my circle of friends, thus: If anyone who has been living in the UK for a considerable period of time and contemplating to get back to one’s roots in Sri Lanka, to have a much more relaxed lifestyle, then my sincere advice would be to take Reggie Fernando as an example, who is living in style now in his air-conditioned apartment in Wellawatta and ‘Heavens above,’ Nuwara Eliya”.

Reggie was full of fun in company, and those who associated with him closely knew how entertaining he could be. He let never a moment go waste with boredom in company and came out with humorous anecdotes and side-splitting jokes.

After influencing my circle of friends to emulate Reggie, I followed suit in 2006 to return home. I was in Borella at the time. Once I made a courtesy call to Reggie’s Wellawatta apartment. His generosity had no bounds. The very first words that came from the other side of the phone from Reggie were, Can we meet up on Friday evening, be ready sharp at 18 hours.”

Discipline

I had to go out in the afternoon for some work, and having got caught up with traffic, arrived home fifteen minutes late. Before I could enter our flat, I could see a posh E-Class Mercedes Benz parked just opposite my gate.

Feeling somewhat guilty being late, I attempted to creep into the flat slowly, but to find Reggie already seated in my sitting room and reading a newspaper and awaiting my arrival.

I gathered that Reggie had not lost the discipline he acquired in the UK, as far as time keeping was concerned. He was one of the rare specimens who appeared to be highly regimental on time keeping – 6 p.m. to him meant 6, and not a minute past six!

After a mad rush and quick shower, I got into the Mercedes Benz with Karuni, and Reggie at the wheel. What struck me immediately was that though he had become senior in his age over the years, when it came to driving, especially in Sri Lankan roads where one does not know at what moment a three-wheeler, motor bike or even a careless driver will cut in or hit you from behind, he had not changed an aorta in his ways of driving from the days of his motorcycle and car racing. Seated in the front seat, at various moments, my foot was pressing an imaginary brake pedal as Reggie drove like a professional and the Benz zoomed like a bullet.

After a meal, and on our way back, Reggie extended yet another invitation to us, which I could not refuse. Janet and I are going to Nuwara Eliya next week end; would you and Karuni like to join us?” I jumped at the idea, being eager to see his new ‘Heavens Above’ apartment in Nuwara Eliya, which everyone who had visited it been praising.

On our way to Nuwara Eliya, he stopped at the Avissawella Rest House, for breakfast. Waiters having recognized him came rushing to him and offered us VIP treatment.

Although we were full to capacity, only a few minutes after our breakfast, Reggie insisted that we should have tea at Kithulgala Rest House, where the film Bridge on The River Kwai was filmed some years back.  Although the place had been modernized from the time the film was shot, the reminders were still there in the hallway, with framed photographs of Gregory Peck, John Wayne and others.

En route

Enjoying the scenic beauty of Sri Lankan up country and tea estates, the legendary Devon and St. Clair water falls in Talawakelle, we finally reached Nuwara Eliya by mid-day. Going from Colombo to Nuwara Eliya makes one feel the difference altogether.

Standing in the forecourt of Grand Hotel, Reggie pointed at a pastel green building up in the mountains, in the background, as appropriately named as ‘Heavens Above’. I became impatient.

Heavens Above was built on four floors. The fit and healthy could park their cars at the front entrance and climb about 50 – 60 rugged steps to enter the house.

Those lazy and knee bucking weaklings could drive round the building and enter from the rear garage entrance, which was at a higher level and had access straight to the master bedroom and a visitors’ room, and an additional apartment with six bedrooms. Much of the furniture had been transported all the way from England to match the Nuwara Eliya pre-colonial setting.

In the evening we assembled at his specially designed room, which gave an exquisite view of Nuwara Eliya town and the race course. One glance at this room took me back to England in a jiffy, with the British furniture, imported lighting, an extraordinary liquor bar, and particularly seeing Reggie in British attire, like a typical Englishman, wearing a woolen sports jacket and a matching scarf round his neck.

Reggie loved to spend his time in his master bedroom, either reading newspapers, browsing through Newslanka copies that he received from London, or just relaxing while sprawling in an expensive retractable electric easy chair to appreciate the natural beauties of Sri Lankan hill country. From the visitor’s bedroom too, it gave a glimpse of the entire Nuwara Eliya town area, the potato and vegetable farming.

Reggie visited Nuwara Eliya fortnightly, and on special occasions with friends to entertain and to have a good time. During such visits Michael, the man-home-help and Meenachi in the kitchen, were kept on their toes to entertain the guests.

As a man of etiquette, Reggie was equally particular about entertaining in an appropriate manner in serving drinks etc. Poor Meenachi had to run up and down, four floors, several times, to bring ice and various other odd bits at her master’s command.

An extraordinary thing I detected during this visit with Reggie, all the way from Colombo to Nuwara Eliya, was despite his car displaying British number plates, many Police officers simply looked at the plates, Police jeeps over took the Benz, and Traffic Police with white ribbons across their uniforms on motor bikes stared at the foreign plates, but did not bother to stop the vehicle, even out of curiosity, to question about it! Was it because it was an E-Class Mercedes Benz?

After living in the UK for decades, Reggie Fernando finally did make the right decision and move to Sri Lanka to spend his autumn years in elegance! One thing he always repeated like a mantra was that If one does not get involved in politics, it is heaven on earth here!”

How many expatriates who are able to live comfortably in their own roots could pluck up the courage or have the bottle to uproot from a sedentary, monotonous and institutionalised lifestyle abroad, thus becoming simply like lemons confined to four walls in an ever degrading and scanty London life? I assured him, during the trip to Nuwara Eliya: Reggie, I did follow your footsteps, and I too have come back to Sri Lanka to bury my bones here”.

Reggie Fernando was an extremely affable, modest, decent gentleman and a good friend to associate with. My dear friend, Reggie, we all are living in a corporeal world, and we all must return one day to an unknown destination! But one thing is certain and that would be, all your friends, your son Chinthaka and Janet, your wife, will all miss you from now onwards with all your loving memories. It is a harsh reality to bear my good friend, but that appears to be the fact of life.

May you attain Nibbana

tilakfernando@gmail.com.

Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia in diabetic

May 1st, 2018

Dr Hector Perera            London

As we know there are two types of diabetics, type 1 and type 2. Some people are totally unaware if they suffer from diabetics because they haven’t consulted a doctor for their conditions. In England there are millions of people who are unaware if they suffer from diabetic. After a certain age it is important to check if they have diabetic for your own safety.

Hyperglycemia is the medical term for high blood sugar, which arises due to the body’s inability to remove glucose from the blood so that cells can use it for energy. The condition usually only affects people with diabetes because these individuals have problems with insulin – the hormone required for glucose uptake.

Symptoms

Hyperglycemia symptoms tend to develop over the course of several weeks and may include the following. Dry mouth and increased thirst leading to frequent intake of water. This is referred to as polydipsia. Increased urination, particularly at night, which is referred to as polyuria. Increased hunger and food intake, which is referred to as polyphagia and fatigue. Further symptoms that may eventually develop include blurred vision, weight loss, nerve damage, kidney problems and heart problems. Some people totally ignore these things but they are not bothered to check if something is wrong with them.

Causes

People who have diabetes are unable to break glucose down into energy due either to an inadequate level of insulin or insulin failing to work properly. This means glucose remains in the blood causing a high blood sugar level. Diabetes occurs in two forms, type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.

Hyperglycemia is the scientific term for high blood glucose levels Hyperglycemia occurs when people with diabetes have too much sugar in their bloodstream.

Hyperglycemia should not be confused with hypoglycemia, which is when blood sugar levels go too low. You should aim to avoid spending long periods of time with high blood glucose levels.

What is hyperglycemia?

Hyperglycemia, the term for expressing high blood sugar, has been defined by the World Health Organisation as, blood glucose levels greater than 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dl) when fasting. Blood glucose levels greater than 11.0 mmol/L (200 mg/dl) 2 hours after meals.

Although blood sugar levels exceeding 7 mmol/L for extended periods of time can start to cause damage to internal organs, symptoms may not develop until blood glucose levels exceed 11 mmol/L.

More immediate reasons for hyperglycemia include, missing a dose of diabetic medication, tablets or insulin. Eating more carbohydrates than your body and/or medication can manage. Being mentally or emotionally stressed (injury, surgery or anxiety) .Contracting an infection.

Is hyperglycemia serious?

Hyperglycemia can be serious if, blood glucose levels stay high for extended periods of time – this can lead to the development of long term complications. Blood glucose levels rise dangerously high – this can lead to short term complications.

In the short term.

Short term complications of very high blood sugar levels include ketoacidsosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome.

Ketoacidosis is a dangerous complication that mainly affects people with type 1 diabetes but can also affect some people with type 2 diabetes that are dependent on insulin. The risk of ketoacidosis becomes significant if blood glucose levels rise above 15 mmol/l (270 mg/dl).

How to avoid and deal with hyperglycemia?

Minimising long time exposure to high blood sugar levels is one of the key objectives of diabetes control.

Testing blood sugar levels will help in managing hyperglycemia. People who take insulin may be able to take additional insulin. However, only take additional insulin if your doctor is happy for you to do so, as miscalculations could lead to dangerously low blood sugar levels. Before you increase the amount of insulin injection, you must consult the doctor about it.

Diabetes UK advise people with type 1 diabetes to test for ketones if blood glucose levels rise above 15 mmol/l or the signs of ketoacidosis appear. Contact your health team if high levels of ketones are present.

Diabetic coma

A diabetic coma is a life-threatening diabetes complication that causes unconsciousness. If you have diabetes, dangerously high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) or dangerously low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can lead to a diabetic coma.

If you lapse into a diabetic coma, you’re alive — but you can’t awaken or respond purposefully to sights, sounds or other types of stimulation. Left untreated, a diabetic coma can be fatal.

The prospect of a diabetic coma is scary, but fortunately you can take steps to help prevent it. Start by following your diabetes treatment plan.

Symptoms

Before developing a diabetic coma, you’ll usually experience signs and symptoms of high blood sugar or low blood sugar.

High blood sugar (hyperglycemia)

If your blood sugar level is too high, you may experience:

Increased thirst, frequent urination, Fatigue, Nausea and vomiting, Shortness of breath, Stomach pain, Fruity breath odours, a very dry mouth, a rapid heartbeat.

Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)

Signs and symptoms of a low blood sugar level may include:

Shakiness or nervousness, anxiety, fatigue, weakness, sweating, hunger, nausea, dizziness or light-headedness and difficulty speaking. One might not get all these conditions but these are the signs to watch out.

Confusion

Some people, especially those who’ve had diabetes for a long time, develop a condition known as hypoglycemia unawareness and won’t have the warning signs that signal a drop in blood sugar.

If you experience any symptoms of high or low blood sugar, test your blood sugar and follow your diabetes treatment plan based on the test results. If you don’t start to feel better quickly, or you start to feel worse, call for emergency help.

When to see a doctor

A diabetic coma is a medical emergency. If you feel extreme high or low blood sugar signs or symptoms and think you might pass out, call 911 or your local emergency number. Your comments are welcomed perera6@hotmail.co.uk


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