H. L. D. Mahindapala
When
the first Israeli airstrike hit Gaza on Monday nine children and 13 others were
killed, according to Washington Post. (Monday 10, May, 2021). By
Saturday the death toll had risen to over hundred and 33 of them were
children. Simultaneously, Taliban bombs exploding in Kabul on Tuesday killed 85
Muslim school girls, according to CNN. What’s the
difference? How can we condemn the Israelis when the Muslims are committing the
same crime of killing Muslims? Can Muslim violence descend to a more
inhuman level than in Kabul? In Africa? In Sri Lanka?
How
can we condemn the Israelis when our own Tamils committed the biggest
crime of their history : they killed more Tamils than all the others put
together? How can we condemn the Israelis when the Sinhala terrorists in
the fascist JVP showed no mercy in killing the Sinhalese? One has to
expect beastly behaviour from the enemies but not from your own kind. In moral
metrics, the crime of Muslims killing Muslim children is greater than the
Israelis killing the children of their inveterate enemies. This principle
applies to Tamils and Sinhalese as well.
This
is written not to exculpate the Israelis of their heinous crime of
deliberately killing civilians to punish Hamas sending rockets to Jerusalem.
Those who watched the Israeli airstrikes bringing down civilian high-rise
buildings where civilians, including children, live will agree that Benjamin
Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel, has been and continues to be a
cold-blooded killer. The Jews who were the victims of ethnic hatred throughout
Christendom – just not under the Nazis — have no moral right to engage in
war crimes, crimes against humanity and, specifically, crimes against
another ethnic community. They were victims who suffered continuously in Christian
Europe because the Christians hated the Jews as Christ-killers.
The
irony is in the way the Jews have turned their wrath against the Muslims who
are not guilty of such crimes against the Jews and with whom they
have to live in the Middle East, particularly in Palestine, whether
they like it or not. Ethnic crises invariably remind us of the central
issue that is plaguing global politics: how can communities competing for
territory, power, dominance, equality, dignity, justice, liberty etc., co-exist
peacefully? Invariably it boils down to a minority vs majority issue. Is
there a recipe to resolve the tensions and conflicts between these two
competitors? Each zone of conflict comes with causes and personalities specific
to its time and place. History repeats itself in each case but with variations.
As
for Netanyahu, the Prime Minister of a minority that became a majority, is
going down the same path of the Nazi majority that oppressed and persecuted his
minority when they were living in the holocaustic past. Of course, he is
displaying not his power but the power of his ally, America. American
morality stinks to high heaven when it says that Israel has right to
defend itself. Does that right include killing children and non-combatant
housewives indiscriminately? Also, why didn’t America apply the same principle
to Sri Lanka? Why did Ambassador Robert Blake ask the Rajapakse regime to stop
the war or face charges of war crimes? Will the American ambassador in
Israel apply the same bullying tactics to restrain Netanyahu? Besides, why is
it vindictively pursuing a policy of punishing Sri Lanka for restoring
peace and ending a brutal war saving thousands of lives? Why hasn’t the foreign
minister of France and UK jointly rushed to Tel Aviv to stop the war like the
way they did when the Sri Lankan forces were at the gates of the Tamil
Tigers? Why is Israel, condemned umpteen times by the UN and yet face no
serious consequences? Why is Israel given favoured treatment and why is
Sri Lanka given the middle finger by the US? Is American foreign policy driven by
morality or by stupid — not enlightened — self-interest?
In
all this what is most unbearable and heart-rending is the plight of the
children. Why must children pay for the sins of the adults? Why must children
be abducted from schools in Africa by Muslim terrorists? Why did the
Tamil terrorists too go to the extreme of forcibly abducting Tamil children and
throwing them as fodder into the frontlines of their futile war? Pakiasothy
Saravanamuttu, that vexatious litigant, never took the Tamil leadership
to court holding them accountable for committing war crime
and crimes against humanity. The paper Tigers in the Tamil diaspora are
passing resolutions of genocide in Ontario, accusing the GOSL, when the killer
of the greatest number of Tamils was the leader they backed all the way. They
financed the biggest massacre of Tamils by Tamils.
The
genocide of Tamils is unacceptable. But that was committed by the Tamil Pol
Pots with the consent of Tamil diasporans who financed it from the beginning to
Nandikadal. Boosted by the backing of the Diaspora, Tamil Pol Pots ran berserk
with blind hatred of the other”. They began by decimating the established,
conservative Tamil leadership and unable to face the horror of it the Tamil
diaspora the Tamil diasporans have accused the Sinhala state” of killing
Neelan Tiruchelvam and even Appapillai Amirthalingam. They also financed the
massacres of Muslims and Sinhalese. They knew that S. C. Chandrahasan,
the son of S. J. V. Chelvanayakam had said that Prabhakaran had killed more
Tamils than all the others put together. V. Ananadasangaree, the head of
the TULF, too had confirmed that Prabhakaran had killed more
Tamils than anyone else. And now that their guilt has caught up with
them, after losing the war they financed, they are making a desperate bid
to wash their guilt away by passing the buck to the Government of Sri
Lanka (GOSL.)
Muslims
targeting their co-religionists in divided sects, or perceived enemies like the
Christian worshippers on Easter Sunday 2019 in Sri Lanka, too are driven by
blind hatred which knows no limits. In their minds killing is pathway to
heaven and virgins therein, waiting to open their legs. Killing is
pursued as a signature sign of their prowess to dictate terms to their enemies.
It is a mindless strategy that has taken them nowhere, so far. For instance,
where has it taken them in Sri Lanka except into the bad books of the nation?
They have successfully degraded the respected the word Muslim” into the
equivalent of Tamil Tigers – a dirty word.
Killing
because they have money to buy the wherewithal and mobilise fanatics willing to
kill or die in the process of killing is not a tactic that will deliver
them their caliphates or glorify Islam. Glorification of Islam with territorial
conquests is a thing of the past. Israel too is employing
this tactic. The latest explosion in Palestine was caused by the
far-right Jewish activists moving to capture Sheik Jarrah, the territory
occupied by the Muslims in Jerusalem. They were out to evict the Arabs
forcibly from East Jerusalem in the hope of making the whole of Jerusalem
their capital, freed from Arabs. It is pure ethnic cleansing. It is
unacceptable. It is unpardonable. They became the Wandering Jews because
they had no home, or territory to call their own. Now that they have some
territory, they are doing to the Arabs what the Christians did to them. How
fair and just is that?
Once
I spent one night in the kibbutz of Kiryat Shmona. In the morning my
Jewish escort told me, pointing. quite proudly, to the open fields
without any people, that the Jews opened fire on the fellaheen who were
farming in the neighbourhood and drove them away. The Jews then
took over their lands. Well, that is similar to the expulsions of the
Muslims from Jaffna by the LTTE in 1990. The Muslims did not go to Maldives, or
Saudi Arabia. They came to live with the Sinhalese in the south – and they
still do.
This
is not an essay to explore the whole gamut of the ethics of violence. Dayan
Jayatillleka has made a daring attempt to do so in his book Fidel’s
Ethic of Violence, exploring, as he says, the moral dimensions of
the political thoughts of Castro. That, of course, needs a
separate chapter on another day. But this theme of violence being
played out in Palestine right now opens the opportunity to explore some
aspects of the violence that had rocked Sri Lanka in the
post-independent period and even before because it is a theme exploited by the
intellectuals to add fuel to fire with their tendentious theories and partisan
politics. It has been a very controversial issue in which some schools of
thought have identified only one party — namely, the
Sinhala-Buddhists — and flayed them as the sole provocateur, promoter,
perpetrator and pursuer of violence. The general argument of these schools goes
like this: Sri Lanka is a Buddhist country and why is there so much
violence in it? It is this question that launched
the controversial book from Harvard University written by Prof. S. J.
Tambiah, Buddhism Betrayed? Religion, Politics and Violence in Sri
Lanka.
Coming
with the imprimatur of authoritative Harvard it had a clout which other
public intellectuals did not. It was to be the definite reference point for
other scholars and they did fall for the anti-Sinhala-Buddhist line spelt
out by Tambiah. By the time he wrote his text demonising Sinhala-Buddhist
history and culture, there was nothing original in his selected theme. The
original authorship of demonising Sinhala-Buddhist culture goes to G. G. Ponnambalam
who caused the first ethnic conflagration in 1939 with his crude
denunciation of Sinhala-Buddhist culture. All Tamil politics and ideologies
operated within the framework laid down by him. No Tamil ideology
operated outside his triad of (1) demonising Sinhala-Buddhist
culture (2) demanding disproportionate territory and power and (3) crying their
heads out, claiming to be victims of majoritarianism. Tambiah too adhered
to this pattern. In other words, he fell in line with the anti-Sinhala-Buddhist
politics of the NGOs, left-wing academics, and the applauding Tamil claque. He
was aided and abetted by Lal Jayawardana and his wife Kumari Jayawardana,
the inveterate anti-Sinhala-Buddhist academic. Lal Jayawardana, who was
then the head of the World Institute for Development Economic
Research (WIDER) of the United Nations University rewarded Tambiah
handsomely, with funds from WIDER.
Tambiah
did a cheap job which any sophomore could have done. Putting together
anti-Sinhala-Buddhist data was not a difficult task considering the fact that
most of the research was done for him partly by Kumari Jayawardana
and her fellow-travellers like H. L. Seneviratne and C. R. de Silva. They saw a
Sinhala-Buddhist under every bed waiting to spoil their political honeymoons.
Everything went wrong, everything that failed was blamed on Sinhala-Buddhism.
Here’s what a fairly competent historian like Nira Wickramasinghe wrote about
the failure of the Left movement: The trajectory of the left, as movement and
as idea, can also be read as the gradual decline in
ideological terms of a democratic and secular project unable to sustain
the assault of the hegemonic forces of Sinhala Buddhist
exclusivism.” — Pathways of the Left in Sri Lanka, Marshall
Fernando and B. Skandakumar, Editors.
This
ignores the basic fact that the Left died of self-inflicted wounds. The
splits that divided the Left into micro-mini fragments on fake
theoretical differences, which, in reality, were masks to cover the
self-serving power struggles of the aspiring leaders, were one of the
primary bases that led to the collapse of the Left. The working class too
were led astray with strikes of rival unions that were politically oriented
more than feeding the economic needs of the
workers. Marxist leaders were hoping to
climb into power on the back of the workers. Their revolution was
confined to paralyse elected governments with strikes. In the end the
Marxists joined the very capitalist class they condemned. They misled the
workers from the beginning. The promised revolution never came and when
the perverted version of the revolution came through the fascist
JVP the Marxist fathers of the Revolution condemned it as a CIA plot. When the
revolution came they were hanging on to seats in the SLFP cabinet
and they were naturally inclined to protect their ministerial
position than the revolution. The people disillusioned with their
alliance with the capitalist class threw them out lock, stock and barrel. But
our Left-wing intellectuals, wearing tinted glasses, blame it on the hegemony
of Sinhala Buddhism”.
Demeaning
and demonising the majority has been the standard stock in trade of our public
intellectuals. It was not so all the time. There was a time in the pre-Vadukoddai
Resolution period when some leading Tamil theoreticians recognised the value,
power and glory of Sinhala-Buddhism. Prof. A. J. Wilson, for instance,
commended Sinhala-Buddhism as the force that sustained democracy. It
was Calvin Woodward, an
American scholar, in his review of Wilson’s book, Politics in Sri
Lanka, 1947 – 1973, states: The uniqueness of Sri Lanka, Wilson
points out, is that it (Sri Lanka) has faced challenges without veering from
the democratic path. Certainly then, the key to the future lies in
an understanding of the past. How and why, in other words, has the democratic
experiment been able to work so well in Sri Lanka? The author investigates this
and concludes that the political stability so far maintained in Sri Lanka
is due mainly two factors, one of indigenous origin and the other the result of
Western implantation. Primary is the Buddhist ethos and the doctrine of
tolerance. This, according to Wilson, has acted to dissuade the majority
community from unduly imposing itself on the minorities and encouraged it to
respect the fundamental rights and distinctions of others in the plural
society.” (p. 72 – The Ceylon Journal of Historical and Social
Studies – Vol III, July-December, 1973, No.1.)
But he too flipped. He too later joined the mob and blamed
Sinhala-Buddhism as a force inimical to minorities, peace and progress. Another
one who somersaulted was Prof. K. Indrapala, the first professor
of history in Jaffna University. He obtained his Ph. D by writing a
thesis on history in which he acknowledged that the Jaffna settlers
arrived in 12 – 13th centuries from S. India. This was
not acceptable to the Tamils who claimed in the Vadukoddai
Resolution – the most authoritative political manifesto of the Tamils –
that they were there from the dawn of time. He was virtually
chased out of the Jaffna University. He later attempted to make amends by
producing another history in which the Tamils go back to
prehistoric times.
They were re-writing history according to the needs of contemporary
politics and not according the way it happened. History has been an
explosive force both in Sri Lanka and Israel. For instance, the move to evict
the Arabs by far-right Jews began when the courts declared
that the land occupied by the Arabs in Sheik Jarrah belonged
to the Jews before 1948. Disentangling the knotted threads of history is
not an easy task even to the courts or the experts.
History looms large in politics. Netanyahu’s military manoeuvres are aimed
at erasing the history of the Arabs and make Jerusalem the
exclusive capital of the Jews. Each move he makes is also to
diminish the two-state solution for the two communities. Inch by inch
he has been gaining ground. Donald Trump gave him the greatest gift
that any Jew could expect : Jerusalem as their capital. Now the far-right
Jews are moving to clean up the whole city. They are bent on ethnically
cleansing Jerusalem to make it the exclusive sacred city of the Jews.
The
Palestinians have been retreating reluctantly and helplessly accepting
each gain of the Israelis as the new normal. The two-state theory too is
diminishing its force. Israel has succeeded in normalising relations with a
string of Arab states to the dismay of Palestinians. Trump
administration did the backdoor work to strengthen Israel’s position in the
Middle East. The emerging scenario is not the most positive for the
Palestinians. They end up getting the worse end
of the deal with each military offensive. Their misery increases. So,
does the glory of Israel. To be an Arab in Israel today is like being an insect
in one of Kafka’s novels. It is nightmarish, humiliating and
positively oppressive. Muslims in Sri Lanka should go down on their
knees and thank God that they are not in Israel, in particular
Jewish-occupied Palestine.