By Hemantha Randunu Courtesy The Island

The CID has uncovered that several other employees in the Swiss Embassy were involved in a plot hatched by Garnier Bannister Francis, a local staffer of the diplomatic mission in Colombo, arrested and remanded for falsely claiming that she had been abducted and threatened. These persons include several female employees.

The CID has identified these individuals based on the mobile phone records of Francis and the statements she has given. The CID officials say that they have determined that Francis’ allegation that she was abducted and threatened is a total fabrication.

Francis was arrested, on Monday, and produced before Colombo Chief Magistrate Lanka Jayaratne, who remanded her till 30 December.

Earlier, the Attorney General’s Department asked the CID to arrest her.

Senior State Counsel Nishara Jayaratne confirmed that the Attorney General had given the order as Francis was accused of fabricating evidence.

Courtesy Ada Derana

The law should be implemented against all those who were involved in the alleged abduction case of the Swiss Embassy employee, says United People’s Freedom Alliance (UPFA) MP Dilan Perera.

Speaking at a press conference, the parliamentarian called the alleged incident a failed ‘drama’ created to sling mud at President Gotabaya Rajapaksa and the new government.

However, the ‘drama’ cannot be ended by just arresting the local staffer of the Swiss Embassy, he stated.

He says that the ‘drama’ was produced by the United National Party (UNP), directed by former Minister Rajitha Senaratne and the actors are the Swiss Embassy employee and the others.

Accordingly, strict legal action should be taken against all involved in this ‘drama’, he added.

By P.K.Balachandran/Daily Express Courtesy NewsIn.Asia

Colombo, December 13: Nationalist and left wing members of the Sri Lankan parliament are putting pressure on the Gotabaya Rajapaksa government to drastically modify the US-Lanka Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) Compact, which had been approved by the cabinet of the preceding Ranil Wickremesinghe government but had not obtained parliamentary approval.

Foreign Minister Dinesh Gunawardena who belongs to the nationalist Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (MEP) has said that the MCC Compact, like other international agreements entered into by the Wickremesinghe government, will be reviewed.

Another nationalist MP, Udaya Gammanpila, who is allied with President Gotabaya’s Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP), said that while the transport and road improvement parts of the US$ 480 million Compact (70% of it) is acceptable, the land registration part of it is not.

He feared that the latter could well be a Trojan Horse enabling Western and allied foreign companies to buy off land along the proposed Colombo-Trincomalee Economic Corridor.

While Sri Lanka is all for giving secure land titles to individuals to enable them to put their land to productive use, any attempt to make them available to foreign buyers as result of a pact like the MCC will not be unaccepted, Gammanpila said.

The MCC Compact, as approved by the previous government, says that one of the aims is to increase availability of information on private land and under-utilized State land in order to increase land market activity.” According to the MCC website, one of the aims of the MCC compact is to identify the root cause of problems in the land sector because of the difficulty in access to land for investment purposes.”

While the US Embassy has denied that the US will buy up any land under the MCC, Vasudeva Nanayakkara, a Leftist and State Minister for Water Supply, claimed that the land covered by the MCC Compact from Colombo to Trincomalee ( a very large tract) will go into hands of the US-Lankan joint company in which the US will use its financial clout to get land released for foreign buyers.

Sri Lanka will be obligated to accept such land transfers, having taken the US$ 480 million MCC as a grant” from the US, Gammanpila said.

We are going to change the law to ban foreigners buying land or taking it on long lease,” Nanayakkara asserted.
Such land transfers will lead to the impoverishment of the rural masses, whose economy is land based.

We want the land project to be dropped and the transport and road connectivity projects retained. But the US wants us to accept the entire package or forego the grant. That is not acceptable,” Gammanpila said.

However, he clarified that Sri Lanka is all for a modernized system to register land which clearly establishes ownership and enables the purchase of land with a clear title. But we should do it ourselves,” he added.

A monograph of the Institute of Policy Studies says that only 30 to 40% of the lands in the rural areas have a clear title. In 1998, the government initiated a land title registration scheme called the Bim Saviya program. But it ran into financial and other problems and had to be abandoned. The MCC will fund its completion. But Sri Lankan nationalists would like it done independently.

African Experience

According to literature on the working of the MCC in Africa where land is being acquired in vast quantities by foreign entities in the guise of promoting economic development, the project has many flaws. Gammanpila mentioned Madagascar in particular as a case Sri Lanka should study.

An article in www.grain.comsays that in the scramble for Africa’s land resources some of the players are turning up the heat to ensure that the corporate interests they defend get their piece of the pie. The MCC is indeed very private sector oriented, and its American and local partners will be predominantly from the private sector which will not come without profit in mind.

As experiences with its land projects in Mali, Ghana, Mozambique and Benin make plain, the MCC is playing a key role in commodifying Africa’s farmlands and opening them up to US agribusiness,” Grain.com says.

On Madagascar, the article says that in December 2008, it became apparent that the government that was using MCC funds to allocate certificates to thousands of rural Malagasy under the National Land Program was also selling off these lands to foreign investors.

The people of Madagascar were shocked to learn, via the international media, that their government had allocated a 1.3 million hectare land concession to the Korean company Daewoo Logistics, and that it was negotiating another agreement with the Indian company Varun, covering several hundred thousand hectares, both for large-scale farming projects.”

The Daewoo deal included lands where certificates had already been allocated through the MCC-funded program while Varun was proposing that the land program be extended to the area it was targeting, so that certificates could be awarded to farmers on condition that they make their lands available to Varun!”

In fact, the government had signed away, or was in the process of signing away, nearly 3 million hectares of agricultural land to foreign investors through a system of long-term leases (up to 99 years) that it established in 2008 as part of a new investment law supported by its donors.”

MCC’s Characteristics

About the MCC’s basic characteristics, the www. grain.com article says: The MCC’s approach is hard-hitting and akin to a structural adjustment program. It has a large budget (which Congress has increased under the Obama administration, by 26 per cent in 2010). This money is disbursed in the form of grants, not loans, to specific countries that the MCC deems eligible for funding. So there is a big carrot dangling to lure countries in.”

But even to become a candidate for funding, a country must first pass an MCC scorecard test, which looks at such criteria as ‘Encouraging Economic Freedom’ and is based on indicators taken from neo-liberal institutions like the World Bank, the Heritage Foundation and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).”

Having passed through these hoops, a country can then move into the process of developing and signing a Compact with the MCC, which will specify four or five projects for MCC funding.”

The way this usually works is that a team of US consultants flies in to guide the government in crafting the Compact proposal, pointing it towards those areas that are most salient to opening the country up to foreign investors.”

Once the Compact is approved, the money starts to flow, although the tap can quickly be turned off if the government changes direction in a manner that does not suit Washington. MCC funding to Nicaragua was cut off when the Sandinistas were elected to power, but was maintained in Honduras after the illegal coup d’état of 2009.”

With the signing of the Compact, the recipient government must set up an institution to administer the funds, often called a Millennium Challenge Account (MCA), which operates autonomously, with its own Board of Directors, yet under the oversight of a designated ministry.”

The Compact lasts typically for five years, with regular evaluations and strict targets that have to be met, each year or so, before new tranches of funding are released. Vincent Basserie, a land specialist with Le Hub Rural in Senegal, who has seen the MCC in action, likens it to a bulldozer – pursuing a strict ideological agenda, without regard for previous experiences.”

(The featured image at the top shows Udaya Gammanpila, pro-goverment MP)

Courtesy NewsIn.Asia

Colombo, Dec. 16 – Sri Lanka will ban foreign contractors from competing for state project and give a slew of benefits for domestic construction companies, a government policy for for the next five years said.

Sri Lanka will all state construction work for the domestic construction firms” the policy document said, the EconomyNext reported.

The reduced competition could push up profits of construction firms and raise the cost of state procurement costs overall, analysts say.

Sri Lanka’s new administration had already halved income taxes for construction firms from 28 to 14 percent and also lifted value added tax from aparment and housing projects.

It is not clear how the ban will affect foreign tied funding projects.

Chinese projects in particular are funded with export-import bank financing for China-based contractors.

Some Sri Lankan firms which were sub-contractors to Chinese firms have got involved in joint ventures.

Small and medium subcontracting firms will be provided secure business through legislation, the new policy said.

Building construction approvals will be reduced to 3 weeks, by establishing a system that will enable all approvals to be obtained through one place over the internet, while urban construction will have to follow existing urban development plans.

Past loans taken by construction firms will be given grace periods and space to renegotiate, new policies showed.

A new system will be set up to manage relations between construction firms and banks via the central bank as well.

Existing licensing for procuring raw material for construction will be revised.

The government will set up an advisory committee of engineers and technologists to help construction firms obtain consultancy assistance, while also helping foster collaboration among the industry, architects association, Institute of Engineers and universities.

The government policy document envisions providing houses to those in need through easy payment plans based on household income.

Land for housing will be provided at reasonable prices for construction companies.

The price of land, especially in Colombo, has priced out housing for many, although housing costs also higher due to protectionist import tariffs on construction material such as aluminium, steel and ceramics.

Special housing projects will be initiated islandwide under a public-private partnership program, while housing schemes will be set up in rural agriculture areas where land for housing is limited.

Housing will be provided for those who are serving or have served in armed forces and war widows, police officers, displaced persons and those living in shanties.

Banks and private institutions providing loans exclusively for housing will be merged into one Housing Bank, which will provide low interest loans.

The government will create facilities to train workers to operate machinery in the construction industry, which is facing a labour shortage.

Youth will also be trained to take up technical or technology-related jobs in construction.

Courtesy NewsIn.Asia

Colombo, December 17 (Xinhua): Sri Lankan President Gotabaya Rajapaksa has said the country will experiment with an imported genetically altered breed of mosquito designed to make female dengue mosquitos sterile in order to combat the rising dengue virus, local media reports said here Tuesday.

Speaking to newspaper editors, President Rajapaksa said that a sample of the mosquito breed had been brought to Sri Lanka on an experimental basis,” and the new experiment is currently underway.

President Rajapaksa further instructed all governors and health department workers to take immediate measures to combat the spread of dengue.

Sri Lanka’s health officials earlier this week warned of a dengue outbreak in the island country, as over 120 deaths have been reported so far this year and over 87,000 people affected from at least 11 districts.

Secretary of the Government Medical Officers Association (GMOA) Haritha Aluthge said that the GMOA had informed Health Minister Pavithra Wanniarachchi and the Secretary to the Ministry of Health of the seriousness of the issue as over 10 districts were affected by the rapidly increasing spread of the disease.

Continuous rains in many parts of the island country are one of the leading reasons for the spread of the virus.

Haritha said that while Colombo, Gampaha, in the outskirts of the capital and Kandy, in the central hills, were the worst affected districts, with 50 percent of the total of over 87,000 number of cases reported, for the first time an outbreak of dengue was also reported from the Jaffna District in the north.

Courtesy Hiru News

MP Sajith Premadasa says he will not take up the candidacy for Premiership, without being made the UNP Leader

Courtesy Hiru News

පක්ෂ නායකත්වය නොමැතිව කුමන ලෙසකින්වත් අගමැති අපේක්ෂකත්වය භාර නොගන්නා බව එක්සත් ජාතික පෙරමුණේ පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රී සජිත් ප්‍රේමදාස මහතා පවසනවා

ඔහු මේ බව ප්‍රකාශ කළේ කෝට්ටේ ප්‍රදේශයේ පැවති ජන හමුවකට එක්වෙමින්.

ජනාධිපතිවරණයේදී සජිත් ප්‍රේමදාස මහතාට සහය පළ කළ ජනතාවට ස්තූතිය පල කිරීම සඳහා දිවයින පුරා පැවැත්වීමට නියමිත රැස්වීම් මාලාවේ පළමුවැන්න අද කොලොන්නාව ප්‍රදේශයෙන් ආරම්භ වුණා.

එම අවස්ථාවට සජිත් ප්‍රේමදාස මහතාද එක්වූ අතර, ඔහු ජනාධිපතිවරණ පරාජයෙන් පසුව ප්‍රසිද්ධ වේදිකාවකට පැමිණි පළමු අවස්ථාවද මෙයයි.

කෙසේවෙතත්, සජිත් ප්‍රේමදාස මහතාගේ පැමිණීමට විරෝධය පල කරමින් කොලොන්නාව ජනතා පවුර සංවිධානය අද කොලොන්නාව නගරයේදී විරෝධතාවක් පැවැත්වුවා.

Courtesy Hiru News

උතුරු පළාත් හිටපු ප්‍රධාන අමාත්‍ය සී.වී. විග්නේෂ්වරන් මහතා පසුගියදා සිදුකළ ප්‍රකාශය පිළිකුල් සහගත බව මල්වතු පාර්ශ්වයේ අනුනායක පූජ්‍ය දිඹුල්කුඹුරේ ශ්‍රී විමලධම්ම හිමියන් පවසනවා.

උන්වහන්සේ මේ අදහස් පළ කළේ අද පෙරවරුවේ මහනුවර පැවති ප්‍රවෘත්ති සාකච්ඡාවකට එක්වෙමින්.

Courtesy Hiru News

පාඨලී චම්පික රණවක හිටපු අමාත්‍යවරයා සම්බන්ධයෙන් අද පැවැති සිංහලයේ ජාතික සංවිධානයේ ප්‍රවෘත්ති සාකච්ඡාවේදී ද තවත් අනාවරණයක් සිදුකළා.

Courtesy Hiru News

හිටපු අමාත්‍ය පාඨලී චම්පික රණවක මහතා සම්බන්ධ රිය අනතුර පිළිබදව සිදුවීමේ පරීක්ෂණ ජනාධිපති ගෝඨාභය රාජපක්ෂ මහතාගේ උපදෙස් මත සිදුවන්නක් බවට තමන් කිසිසේත් විශ්වාස නොකරන බව පූජ්‍ය ඕමල්පේ සෝභිත හිමියන් පවසනවා.

කොළඹදී අද පැවති ප්‍රවෘත්ති සාකච්ඡාවකදී උන්වහන්සේ මෙම අදහස් පලකළා.

Courtesy Hiru News

ජනාධිපතිවරණ සමයේ සජිත් ප්‍රේමදාස මහතාට සහය පළ කරමින් මාලඹේ ප්‍රදේශයේ  පැවැති මැතිවරණ රැස්වීමකදී පහරදීමකට ලක්වූ තරුණයාට පොලීසියෙන් සාධාරණයක් සිදුවී නොමැති බවට මව්බිම වෙනුවෙන් රණවිරුවෝ සංවිධානය චෝදනා කරනවා.

ඒ, පහරකෑමට ලක්වූ අදාළ තරුණයා ද සමඟ ප්‍රවෘත්ති සාකච්ඡාවක් පවත්වමින්. 

Courtesy Hiru News

ස්විස් තානාපති කාර්යාල නිලධාරිනිය පැහැර ගත් බවට අසත්‍ය පුවත් නිර්මාණය කළ පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රී රාජිත සේනාරත්න මහතා ඇතුළු පිරිසට ද නීතිය ක්‍රියාත්මක කළ යුතු බව පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රී ඩිලාන් පෙරේරා මහතා අද පැවැති ප්‍රවෘත්ති සාකච්ඡාවකදී සඳහන් කළා.

මෙම සිද්ධිය සම්බන්ධයෙන් තවත් පාර්ශව රැසක් අද විවිධ ස්ථානවලදී අදහස් පළ කළා.  

Hiru News

හිටපු අමාත්‍ය රාජිත සේනාරත්න සංවිධාන කළ සුදු වෑන් මාධ්‍ය හමුවට සම්බන්ධ වූ  ඕනෑම පුද්ගලයෙකුට තරාතිරම නොබලා නීතිය ක්‍රියාත්මක කරන බව තොරතුරු හා සන්නිවේදන තාක්ෂණ රාජ්‍ය අමාත්‍ය ලක්ෂ්මන් යාපා අබේවර්ධන ප්‍රකාශ කළා.

ඒ, කොළඹ අද පැවති මාධ්‍ය හමුවකදී මාධ්‍යවේදියෙකු නැගූ ප්‍රශ්නයකට පිළිතුරු ලබාදෙමින්.

Hiru News

තමන් ඝාතනය කිරීමට තැත් කළ එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂයේ කැළණිය හිටපු සංවිධායක බෙවන් පෙරේරාට නීතිය ක්‍රියාත්මක කරන්නැයි මෝටර් රථ ධාවන ශූර ඩිලන්ත මාලගමුව අද රජයෙන්  ඉල්ලීමක් කළා.

තමන්ට එල්ල වී ඇති මරණ තර්ජන සම්බන්ධයෙන් ඩිලන්ත මාලගමුව 2018 වසරේ ජුලි මස 7 වනදා පොලිස් මූලස්ථානයට පැමිණිලි කර තිබුණා.

එ පාතාල කල්ලි සාමාජිකයෙකු තමන් ඝාතනය කිරීමට සැලසුම් කර ඇති බවට ලද තොරතුරකට අනුවයි.

නාවලපිටියේ පිහිටි තමන්ට අයත් ඉඩමක් සම්බන්ධයෙන් ඇතිවූ ගැටළුවක් මත එවකට එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂයේ කැළණිය හිටපු සංවිධායක, ජනතා වතු සංවර්ධන මණ්ඩලයේ ක්‍රියාකාරි අධ්‍යක්‍ෂවරයාව සිටි බෙවන් පෙරේරා මෙම කොන්ත්‍රාත්තුව ලබාදී ඇති බවටයි ඔහු සිය පැමිණිල්ලෙන් සඳහන් කර තිබුණේ.

කෙසේ වෙතත් කොළඹදී මාධ්‍ය හමුවක් කැඳවමින් ඔහු කියා සිටියේ තමන්ගේ ජීවිතයට අවදානමක් පැවතුනද කිසිදු ආරක්ෂාවක් තවමත් ලැබී නොමැති බවයි.

BY EDWARD THEOPHILUS

Part one of this article focused on a basic requirement a Horizontal Model for Education Distribution in the country for education reforms.  The structure for the model for a million population irrespective of where the population has networked or distributed, whether in rural or urban area, the proposed model designed to apply in entire country. It is a horizontal distribution of education irrespectively whether population distributed in rural or urban areas or in wealthy suburbs or in poor people’s ghettos. Recent television programs in Sri Lanka disclosed that although the department of education has been operating in the country since State Council era, finding a school for kids has become the most difficult task to parent.  They should waste time and money for finding a school for kids despite the education considers a fundamental right of human.

The major reason for this predicament seems that distributing more resources for urban schools in the process of education distribution and neglecting rural and semi urban areas.  Current education provision is a vertical distribution which means less than one million population in certain areas, many schools have established and they are based on nationality or religion or wealth, more than the requirement of population while large volume of population in outer Colombo and suburbs have less schools with less resources. A vertical distribution can be defined as giving more schools and resources to small area distributing upward. This situation could be eliminated only if the distribution of education makes horizontally, which forces the government to distribute schools and more resources to larger areas in rural Sri Lanka. Vertical distribution of education in the country is based on colonial attitudes, which has created many issues in education provision to the community and its principle seems against social justice. However, recent statement to press by Mr. Dallas Alahapperuma and Mr. Ramesh Pathirana clearly stated that national schools will be increased to 1000 from current 374, which means the acceptance of a horizontal model of education distribution. It is the social justice expected by people.

For example, if it gets Kotahena or Bambabalapitity or Madadana or Kollupitiya or Borella area, many schools have located in such areas for more than needed to the population actually living in the area whilst it is observable that no schools for kids in rural and semi-urban areas to gain education confirming to social justice.  Locating too many schools to urban areas have also created problems such as daily movement of people in urban towns (Including Colombo), where generate motor and human traffic issues and daily movement of too many people incur cost to the government demanding more controls and facilities. The system incurs more expenses to Individuals expenses such as bus fee, pocket money for kids, accompanying persons with kids and many other expenses. It seems that people daily move from outer suburbs to Colombo metro area for schooling purpose than productive or trading purposes. Education must be a service that provides in residential area. It cannot not justify moving from far away to gain educational services and kids have additional pressure to concentrate on activities that are not related education. 

I observed that some parent daily sends kids from Dankotuwa to Bambalapitiya for schooling, when I ask why it is happening, parent replied the reason to educate English, kids send far away.  English is a communication media like other languages in the world whether it leans in Dankotuwa or in Bambalapitiya it shouldn’t reflect a difference.  There may be a difference in accent, but it cannot be changed by teachers in Colombo schools. If a person can communicate in English, he or she must be able understand the message and give messages whether communicator learn English in the UK or in the USA, or in the East European countries or the Middle Eastern countries, or India, South Africa or in China or Japan.  This is myth in Sri Lanka about English in Colombo which is different from English in other places. I observed that many kids studied in Colombo so-called superior schools cannot properly communicate in English Language and many policy makers and university educators in Sri Lanka are from regional areas. 

Parent can save lots of money if schools located close to homes.  This has been a problem for more than seventy years and the policy has not been corrected and now the education authority has a dogma as schools cannot relocate and the possible solution is opening new schools or upgrading schools in rural areas injecting more resources to them while reducing resources in schools of Colombo and suburbs.

Various allegorical acceptance have involved in searching for popular schools although the education is a qualitative substance despite where kids were educated and Sri Lanka’s environment has not changed to disregard points such as the school educated, who were teachers or any other allegorical points when selecting for jobs, for higher education and social acceptance if the person has required level of education and quality.  The government needs launching a campaign against mythical views rooted in the society and make equity and justice for the quality of education irrespective of where it was obtained. This is a discrimination related issue and the government needs considering anti-discrimination laws like in Western countries, if any citizen has quality education, he/she must not be subjected to discrimination based on a point from where education was obtained.  It is a rubbish if it considers to give priority for stupid points considering from where the education obtained, when selecting for a job. 

Current education policy of the country has not organized the way given in the proposed horizontal model and some areas of the country have many educational institutions while rural or regional Sri Lanka is not consist of education institutions to accommodate students in the area or sometimes, there is no enough education institutions and resources to provide basic education to the community. This is a major disparity of existing education policy management and the proposed model indicated in part one could be used to each one million population without differences whether population located in urban or rural area.  The model will bring equality in education distribution for people considering equity and justice equal opportunity without differences in gender, religion, regional, ethnic, language or any other such as where people networked in urban or rural areas.

After the acceptance of the proposed model for education distribution, it is necessary to address current major problems, which are associated with the past decision making in the existing system.  The issues are varied and a considerable volume of young generation consider that they have difficulties entering to job market or higher education or skill training.  The major point raised associated with issues such as wrong choice of study area, field, trade area or any other resulting unemployment. Bridging current unemployed graduates at university or higher education level or in any context of education to develop employable knowledge and skills or go to further education and training is an urgent requirement of education reforms. Kids had to encounter such problems not only because faults of them but also a problem within the education system, which has no guidance at school level to achieve ambitions and compare the ambition with economic environment. For this problem, parent, teachers as well as government policy makers are equally responsible.

Education and training could be widely used to solve the problem without creating any disadvantage to any person. However, the sensitive environment in Sri Lanka provokes attitudes of young generation pointing unrealized effects and the policy makers need to understand this sensitive environment, which is associated with politics. In the past, various steps took to reform curriculum structure in schools since 1960s, but it was failed and the major reason for the failure was politics and creating a wrong mental psychosis on the mind of people by politicians without understanding the timely needs and future requirements. 

The report of Prof Dudley Seers in late 1960s (Matching Employment Expectation and Opportunities: A Program Action for Ceylon) clearly indicated the requirement of curriculum reforms and the government effort was bog down by politics.  Therefore, when making education reforms, the government must not forget the traditional Sinhala saying if you go with knowing can reach Kataragama, travelling without knowing the way would leave you in the lurch”

The reforms in curriculum, teaching, training and flexibility in education could be used to eliminate the many problems in current environment. Looking at education in many countries Sri Lanka’s education could be expressed or firmly stated the exactly the right way, despite many opinions on educations especially curriculum reforms in schools.  It is dependent on the future economic opportunities and trend of the job market and innovative features in other countries. This situation should be worked together with a view to solve problems, which were generated as results of past and continuing decisions.

With the given structure curriculum reforms is a broader aspect that eliminate unnecessarily aligning students to specific area of education such as science, commerce and arts.  Many Western countries allow students to learn arts, science and commerce together and sometimes to select other pathways in health, engineering, agriculture, services, sports, and many other areas. In Australia, universities allow students to complete double degrees like Medicine and law or political science and arts, psychology etc. University education policy needs rapid changes and when students selected a study area, they should take the responsibility for selection and the university administration should give wider choices, however, current university management seems that they failed to give wider choices for students.     

Curriculum reforms would direct to solve current major problems and it needs including key knowledge and skills education (value, health, environment and language education).  Sri Lanka has many religions, but the behaviour of followers is not consistent with the policies of religions. It seems that religion has become a symbol and religion is not working in homes or workplaces or in the society.  In this situation curriculum reforms need focus to offer value education in all educational contexts.  In Western countries, value education is key in practical knowledge and application.  For example, care and compassion are vital values which means care for self and others.  In any education context, safety is a value, which broadly apply any subject area and when value education included, the behavioural pattern of students dramatically changed and the quality of knowledge and skills improve with a higher demand for knowledge and skills.

Value, health, environment and language education must be co area from primary education to university education and the university management has failed consider these area and next vital fact is university and TVET system in the country has no proper curriculum evaluation system, which is essential to perform once in two years. It is expensive and expert services demand for successful evaluation. When students learn a subject at school level, or technical or university level, the nature of outcomes achieved after learning neither students, nor parent not teachers nor employers have idea. 

Next part will be in curriculum and teaching reforms.

KAMALIKA PIERIS

The Maha Sangha   worked hard on behalf of Gotabaya Rajapaksa at the Presidential election of November 2019.  Ven. Elle Gunawansa said that the Sangha, 20,000 of them, went village by village to canvass for him”.

The Sangha were openly pleased when Gotabaya won. Elle Gunawansa said this is the first    election after 1948 where the voters were called on to think of the country.  ‘Rata gana, daruwo gana, Sambuddha Sasana gana hitana chande.

Ven. Omalpe Sobitha said that this was a victory for citizens who underwent untold hardships during the previous regime and for those who wish to bring back justice and democracy.

Ven. Devalegama Dammasena said the President’s political campaign would go down as one of the cleanest operations with no posters, banners and cutouts.  There was no character assassination or slinging of mud on his stage.

President Gotabaya did not forget   the Maha Sangha who had helped him win the election. He made it a point to visit  Buddhist temples after his victory.  These visits were televised. The chief priest of each temple was there to greet him, accompanied by a team of monks. Ven. Ittepane Dhammalankare met President Gotabaya accompanied by a team of bhikkhus,  Dodampaha Nandimithra,  Tirikunamale Ananda, Madampagama Assaji and Medawachchiye     Dammajothi. 

The  Sangha gave lengthy speeches rejoicing in Gotabaya ‘s victory ,  with copious advice on what to do next.  They spoke  readily into microphones, to address persons seated before them! The microphones were there because these speeches  were going to appear in the  next day’s television news. The  Sangha  knew beforehand  that they were   addressing an island wide audience. This was nothing new for them.  Bhikkhus regularly address lay audiences and advise them, during bana and pirit  ceremonies. But this time they were talking politics, not religion.

The Sangha  said they  have great hope in President Gotabaya. They expect much from him. Akmeemana Dayaratana  said we needed a leader with a vision . Elle Gunawansa said  Gotabaya  has vision, also he delivers any project he undertakes. Ven. Kotapitiye Rahula said that the Sangha were ready to work with Gotabaya.

Keppetiyagoda Siri Wimala of Getambe Rajopavanaramaya  said  ‘this time there is a good momentum. This momentum should be continued ’.  Convert ‘Gotabaya bheetiya into Gotabaya neethiya,’.Vendaruwe Upali of Malwatte composed a  short kavi  then and there, ,which ended Janapathi vasanava me rata hadena thuru  

Omalpe Sobitha , addressing a media conference at the Bodhiraja Viharaya,  Embilipitiya said President Gotabaya Rajapaksa will usher in an era of prosperity and development in the country, for which he has already started work.

Devalegama Dammasena, Chief priest of the Tissamaharama Raja Maha Viharaya  addressing a press conference in Tissamaharama said President Gotabaya has a vision and it was evident from the work he did as the Defence Secretary.   ( I think he meant the urban development work).  Ven. Dammasena  said a period for the betterment of the country would dawn with the assumption of duties by President Gotabaya Rajapaksa.

Keppetiyagoda Siri Wimala  voiced something that all Rajapaksa supporters were thinking. ’See to your security,” he said, It may now be under threat. Like what happened to SWRD. We will be destroyed if we lose you  both.

The Sangha  did not confine their utterances to temple and media. They appeared on other platforms too.  A line of  bhikkhus were  seated  in the front row at a Jana hamuwa for President Gotabaya  held at Dehiwela.

 The Sangha were  also  there, when the   intelligentsia held a  seminar on the MCC at the Sri Lanka Foundation Institute, Colombo in November 2019 .Several bhikkhus spoke, including   Vaturawila  Siri Sujata, Paraduwa Jinaratana   and  Murungagasyaye Gnathissara from France,  Malevana Dhammavijaya said we are not a nation that weeps, ‘andana jatiyak nevei’.

The Maha Sangha, it appears have no intention of abandoning politics. They intend to stay on and supervise the government . The Maha Sangha were  on television the day after the election, right after the results were announced.( see Derana news 2019.11. 08)

Elle  Gunawansa  addressed the media   soon after the Presidential election. He asked the media to  support the government at this point of time, instead of criticizing, because ‘if we fail this time, that will  be final’. There will be  weaknesses in this government. We must try to   correct them, he said.

At a Yuthukama gathering, Ella Gunawansa said  ‘Now pressurize the government to do what you want them to do. Do not sit back and wait.’ ‘Me para hondata balagena inna’ he instructed ,  ‘however much they may get annoyed we will continue to voice our views.’  Ven. Kotapitiye Rahula said that the Sangha were ready to work with Gotabaya. If  this government doesn’t perform well, we will get rid   of it  too, he  concluded.

The Sangha  pounced on  several current issues. They held a press conference on the Swiss embassy matter. This was a plot to discredit the government  and country, they said.  We, the Sangha wish to advise these embassies.  We may be a small country, but  we must be allowed to  run our country without interference and with  dignity. ( ‘abhimanavat’) . Switzerland should not meddle in  our affairs.  Bhikkhus also  went to the UN Human Rights  Organization and made a complaint against the Swiss embassy.

The Sangha spoke before  television cameras on the   fine given out to Brig.  Priyanka Perera in London. Bhikkhus including Kamburugamuwe  Vajira  spoke of Perera’s bravery in war and praised his patriotism. They spoke of supporting him and  having a collection to pay the fine.

Jamburewela Chandraratana   representing the People’s Responsibility Centre went to the Indian High Commission   and handed over a letter to  be given to the  Prime Minister Modi asking him to discuss  doing away of Provincial Councils  during President Rajapaksa’s official visit to India.

Jamburewela Chandraratana    thereafter spoke to the media, on the negative aspects of Provincial Councils. The Elections Commission stated that the cost of holding the last provincial council election was Rs. 874 million and the next election will cost Rs. 3, 180 million. Further,  the Provincial Councils have not been function for  months.

The North Central, Eastern and Sabaragamuwa Provincial Councils were inactive for two years and eight months. The Central, Northern and North Western Provincial Councils were inactive for one year and eight months, while the Western and Southern Provincial Councils were inactive for six months. But although the Provincial Councils were inactive, the country moved forward, he said..”

The Sangha commented on political issues, big and small, as they came up. Pahiyangala Ananda  criticized the decision to abolish the permits system in transporting sand, granite and soil.  Akmeemana Dayaratana spoke on the 13 points put forward by TNA. Kiri Ibbanare Vijitha  said  that all involved in the Bond Scam, including ministers must be arrested. Kotapola Amarakiththi  said that USA intended to get their MCC passed  after the Presidential elections.

Paraduwe Jinaratana  spoke of irregularities in the cultural ministry. Bhikkhus commented unfavorably on officials such as Shani Abeysekera.  Two bhikkhus were seen  at the new demand for an inquiry against Dr. Shafie. Liyanwela Sasanaratana spoke.    

Jumburewela Chandaratana  said that the head of the Pharmaceutical Corporation had purchased   a low grade cancer   drug. This  official and his Minister,  Rajitha Senaratne should be arrested. Ven. Chandraratana  also went to the Defence Ministry  to ask that this person be stopped from leaving the country. The official concerned  said that  he   was not going anywhere.

Ittakande Saddhatissa  said they have evidence of malpractice in Sathosa by Rishard Bathiudeen and he must be arrested. Angulugalle Sri Jinanada, Magalkande Sudatta,  Madille Pagnaloka  and Akmeemana Dayaratna    speaking  separately said that there was illegal settlement of Muslims in Puttalam  and  that Rishard Bathiudeen was responsible.

At Walapane, there were four deaths in one family due to  the collapse of a hill and the public were furious. They said this  was due to illegal quarrying. Mailagasthenne Dhammananda,  chief priest Galpotha temple, intervened and asked the family to please go ahead with the burial. They would agitate about the matter the next day.  This was shown on  television news.

Media reported that a group of Buddhist monks and supporters of Duminda Silva are planning on appealing to the government to re-commence an investigation into the shooting incident between two groups of Duminda Silva and Bharatha Lakshman Premachandra several years ago. They claim that the CID had allegedly concealed certain information from courts regarding the shooting of Duminda Silva which was unfavourable to him and eventually led to him being sentenced to life imprisonment.

The group appealing on behalf of Duminda Silva claim that while the CID was entrusted with the inquiry in to this incident, they had allegedly concealed information regarding the fact that it was Bharatha Lakshman’s group who had initially opened fire and injured Duminda Silva, and only had pursued investigations regarding Duminda Silva’s group opening fire on Bharatha Lakshman. The petitioners claim that the CID had allegedly concealed certain information from courts. Therefore, they have urged the new government to conduct a fair investigation into this incident, while respecting the verdict of the courts, and ensure that justice is done to both parties without favouring either of them.

The Sangha showed that they were very alert politically. Ittepane Dhammalankare  among others, commented  very accurately on the political situation. Devalegama Dammasena alerted the people of impending dangers to the nation and its citizens. Bengamuwe Nalaka speaking at a Gotabaya  rally  ( before the election) referred disparagingly to the  ‘NGO karayo’ who were working against Gotabaya.  They  talked history too. There were several references to 1815 and to Dutugemunu.

Today’s Sangha are media savvy. Derana news 11.12.19  showed a bhikkhu  holding his smart phone to the  Derana microphone to convey  information. They are knowledgeable and well informed. They cited  relevant laws and acts.  They pointed out that in the Swiss Embassy issue, the employee was not entitled  to diplomatic immunity and that the whole incident was in violation of the Vienna convention. 

The Sangha took a strong anti –UNP stance. Not other political party has harmed this country more than the UNP, said  Elle Gunawansa. Earlier UNP  had good people in it, he added. Ranil Wickremesinghe must resign said Medagama Dhammananda of Asgiri.  If Ranil Wickremesinghe does not resign, then we will have to force him to resign, said Pahiyangala Ananda Sagara  and Ittakande Saddhatissa, speaking separately.

Jamburewela Chandraratana commented on Ranil Wickremesinghe’s    statement that  UNP must now woo back the Sinhala Buddhist  vote. Is this for  religion or to gain political power, he asked. Elle Gunawansa said that this shows that up to now they have used the Sinhala Buddhist  vote only to win elections.

It is well known that  while electioneering was going on,  and the Sangha were working for Gotabaya Rajapaksa , Mangala Samaraweera sent a Twitter message, where he omitted the Sangha and   spoke of the Blessings of  a Double Gem.  This was  an absurd, laughable  utterance, but the Sangha, naturally were furious. This was the last straw.

They came before the public, via television, and  specifically named Mangala Samaraweera, Rajita Senaratne, Patali Champika and Ranjan Ramanayake as persons who have criticized the  Sangha. They must be removed from politics. Their behavior was shameless, said  Alugalle Siri  Jinananda of Buddhist information Center . They must apologize to the Sangha, said Jamburewela Chandraratana ,otherwise the UNP will not get votes. Paraduwa Jinaratana. and     Vatinapana Somananda also  spoke.

The Sangha did not stop at that.   They went   to Sri Kotha when a   UNP was meeting was in progress. They  handed over a written request  that the UNP not give nominations to those who refused to accept that this was a Sinhala Buddhist country.  If not, the Sangha will work  against  UNP not only at the next election but will also engage in a campaign against UNP, said Kotahene Narada. Mangala, Ranjan and Rajitha were specifically named in the letter.

The Buddhist public including the Maha Sangha had lost confidence in the government  led by Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe which had belittled the country’s historical heritage saying that Sri Lanka is not a Buddhist nation. This distrust was amply demonstrated in the Presidential Election results, said Medagama Dhammananda of Asgiri. No ruler can govern Sri Lanka by disrespecting the Maha Sangha.

From the beginning Yahapalana government  had insulted the Maha Sangha and nurtured extremist minority groups said Ven Dhammananda. They wanted to  remove the monks and do what they want. Saying Sri Lanka is not a Buddhist country   showed that they were planning a ‘vena gamanak’. We must understand this . 

We have never been insulted like this before,  said Elle Gunawansa. ‘They thought we were a spineless nation, that the Sangha had no power. But the   Sangha are not the fools they thought we were,   he added . The Sangha became very determined. When Mahinda Rajapaksa  took office as Prime Minister ,  three long rows of bhikkhus chanted a lengthy pirit which sounded as though it would never end.

The   battle between the fading Yahapalana government and the Maha Sangha is still going on. The Sangha realize that the game is not yet over. The country is still in danger from  the west. The Sangha  is now looking  ahead to the General election and the Prime Minister stakes of 2020.

Kamaburugamuwe Vajira  advised ‘rata beraganna nayakayek thora ganna. ‘Think ahead, think of the future generations and vote. Elle  Gunawansa said, we need’ ratata jatiyata agamata garu karana  ayomya nayakayek. Me rate gaha kola valata adaraya karana, sivurata adaraya karana, kandula handunana nayakayake ona.

Kotapola Amarakiththi said I am not attached to any political  party. But having seen the fearful disaster we are       facing, I thought that I must address these few words to you.  Don’t think the way you thought  for the last  70 years(sic) . You must think about the next election in a  ‘kavadavat nohitu vidihata’ and  vote intelligently.

Not everyone is impressed with the role played by the Sangha. The columnist Nan” has spoken of a ‘Scary Saffron Surge”.  She said ‘ thoughts have been surging in my feared mind after seeing so many Buddhist monks in active politics and so much visiting of temples by those who won the recent election’. There was also a statement made by a monk loud and clear that the leaders who won the recent elections took their advice  and should continue doing so now they are in power.

‘Nan’ speaks of  the  ‘dread and menace’ in Buddhist monks entering active politics.  Monks increasing in numbers and stridency, monks who do not keep the Vinaya rules, monks who led assaults on minority groups

Political monks are definitely stepping out on the wrong path, said Nan” Their place is the temple and the monastery; their duty to interpret the Buddha Dhamma and lead the people they have influence over to better lives, striving to enter the Path shown by the Buddha as bringing deliverance, but before that enjoying the satisfaction in this life full of dukkha through meditation and improvement of their minds and sila. They get on the Path through renunciation and great effort and then they show us the Path and guide us.

We Buddhists are very fortunate to have had great good monks, continued Nan” and have such monks even now in considerable numbers, who [deliver] bana [having much] relevance to our lives. They lead their lives as prescribed by the Buddha.

‘Nan’ says that Ven. Dhammavihari has  said that monks have duties to perform for lay people, as the latter provide them with all necessities to sustain life.  Thus their readiness and willingness to advice lay people, visit homes for dana and pirit chanting, and offer solace when that is needed.

I must  say that very many monks are true Buddhist monks in this land of ours, following strictly the Vinaya rules set down by the Buddha and wearing the robe he prescribed with solemnity, serenity and dignity. We also have monks in the forest tradition who spend their time in meditation with not much contact with ordinary life and lay people. In some abodes, people do not even see the monks,.; dane is left for them and they appear only to gather their food and return to their kutis and seclusion, said Nan”.

These observations call for a reply. Bhikkhus are citizens of Sri Lanka and they are entitled to all rights of citizens, including the right to vote and participate in political activity. This is now accepted.   Island editorial of      7.12.19  said ‘Buddhist monks, no doubt, have political rights and, in fact, they have a history of playing a pivotal role in helping the country in times of crisis.’

Secondly, these ‘menacing, strident’ monks are often the chief priests of highly regarded temples. Finally,, if the monks had supported Sajith Premadasa, instead of Gotabaya Rajapaksa , would Nan” have spoken of a ‘wonderful saffron surge’  and not a ‘scary’ one. [Concluded]

Malinda Seneviratne

Labour gaining ground. One in ten still undecided. Jeremy Corbyn is much closer to becoming Prime Minister than voters think, according to a Conservative party memo. Hung parliament will see Boris Johnson removed from No 10 Downing Street. Labour minority government likely. Opinion polls tightening — Corbyn might just become Prime Minister.

These were headlined claims in the run up to the British Parliamentary Elections. Change a few names and it is pretty much what did the rounds in Sri Lanka, especially among those who read, speak (and live?) ‘English’ a month ago.  Check the following ‘clips’ from the pro-Sajith twitterati masquerading as political commentators and political scientists (crystal gazing quacks if you ask me!).
Sajith has the late starter advantage. Easy win for Sajith in Gota-Sajith race. Sajith is gaining ground. Sajith is bridging the gap fast. A tight race. It’s too close to call. Sajith slowly pulling ahead as Gota fails to gain traction. A poll has shown that Premadasa currently would narrow the margin considerably against Rajapaksa. Second-preference will decide things since no one will get 50%+1.

This is not exactly party propaganda posted by party-run websites and social media teams only to be liked and shared by party loyalists. No, we are not talking about career politicians such as those backing Sajith Premadasa or political activists like Shiral Laktilleka who until the very end maintained that Sajith could come through. Here’s a partial list of prophesy-pushers: Dayan Jayatilleka, Jayadeva Uyangoda, Victor Ivan, Harim Peiris and Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu.  Some of them, like Dayan, were openly campaigning for Sajith while others may have done so on the sly.  Some, like Kumar David didn’t exactly cheer Sajith, but waxed eloquent about the ‘real possibility’ of second-preferences coming into contention, indicating that he also believed in a close race. 

Now their UK Election counterparts weren’t exactly Sumanadasas either. So how does one explain the fact that they got it all wrong? Is it enough to say ‘outcome preferences compromised analytical rigor’? Is it enough to say ‘they started believing their own propaganda?’ 
Maybe they just had no clue.    

Many commentators, first and foremost, seemed to have read everything wrong. In 2015, they believed it was a battle between a clueless authoritarian Sinhala Buddhist nationalist crook and a coalition of good and competent guys who were peaceful, democratic, honest, tolerant and secularist. Come 2019, they believed (hoped, rather) that there would be a repeat. That belief/hope was predicated probably on that flawed reading of the 2015 result.  

It can’t be the case that people had been ‘converted’ from revolutionary (‘low-intensity’ as Nirmal Ranjith Dewasiri put it) to counter-revolutionary if you want that kind of terminology in the course of less than five years. It has to be something else. It was not about the electorate suddenly becoming ultra-progressive (as per THEIR understanding of the word) between 2010 and 2015. Simply, people were tired of the regime, they were tired of the arrogance and more so than the perceived corruption. If that was not the case, the above pundits would find it hard to explain how Gota not only won the districts that Mahinda lost or won by margins much slimmer than those of 2010 but won them handsomely.
So they were shocked. Naturally. Perhaps they should try self-reflection and ask themselves if they unconsciously extrapolated personal preferences and convictions to the entire electorate or at least a significant section of it. 

In the UK (like in the USA), politics is dominated by the right wing. Yes, just like in Sri Lanka. Sure, the Democrats are ‘left’ but only in relation to the location of the Republicans on the Left-Right political continuum. Labour, in the UK, is ‘left’ but only in relation to the Conservatives. In terms of broader social, economic and political issues, both parties in both countries (yes, just like in Sri Lanka) are ‘right’. 

In Sri Lanka, ironically, ‘The Left’ or rather the so-called Left Intellectuals that ‘The Left’ has dwindled down have identified the UNP as the preferred refugee camp. Now if these individuals were serious about taking on capitalism and if ‘class’ was their top political priority, they wouldn’t go anywhere near the UNP. Some of course backed the JVP and painted themselves as supporting program rather than a ‘lesser evil’. But ‘lesser evil’ seems to be the perennial fall-back option for these people, both in Sri Lanka and the UK.  
Why is the Sri Lanka Podu Jana Peramuna (SLPP) or the Conservative party the ‘greater evil’? It’s not about capitalism or class struggle. Such things are no longer in their vocabulary. The left pretenders are simply reluctant to acknowledge the truth that such ideological concerns no longer excite them. They simply want to retain the label. So they pick what have been peripheral to traditional left politics: self-determination, minoritarianism, environmental issues, women’s rights, human rights, reconciliation, liberal democracy (as an interim political project), carbon-neutrality etc. 

And they must pick a political other. What’s easy? Well, ‘nationalism’ has always been the no-no for the Left. So it’s easy. They painted the Rajapaksas and the SLPP as ‘Sinhala Buddhist racists’ and happily sided with Sajith. But wait, read what Kumar David has to say about Sajith. Sajith’s mind, he paraphrases thus: ‘I will be as tough as Gota; mother Lanka is safe from separatist Tamils and terrorist Muslims in my custody.’ It was easy, one feels. If not wanting to side with a Rajapaksa was not reason enough, all they had to do was to move to where the nationalists were not.

Never mind all that. They needed to stand somewhere and they picked a default option, even though it meant they had to rub shoulders of Tamil racists and Muslim fundamentalists, not to mention of course champions of the ultra-right and out and out slaves of the global thugs led by the USA and UK . Interestingly, the same can be said of the ultra nationalists. It is not that Gotabaya Rajapaksa and the SLPP were in policy statement or rhetoric more nationalist than Sajith. Neither were they parroting the claims and aspirations of the nationalists. And yet, they were the lesser evil for the nationalists. It was easy, one feels. Just check where Mangala Samaraweera, Rauff Hakeem, Rishard Bathiudeen, M.A. Sumanthiran et al stand and pick the person opposed to them. 

What comes out of all this is that while there are ideologies and ideologues, they either don’t have a party they expresses the particular ideology or else don’t have the will to build such a political force. And so those who picked the winner have things to say about what and who were defeated while those who backed the loser talk about what and who won.  
This is not something that was peculiar to the recently held Presidential Election. It is a theory that can help explain the behavior of ‘ideologues’ of all kinds in every major election since 1965. That makes 54 years of default-option as far as those who are heavy on ideology are concerned. 

Interestingly, they make such a tiny minority that their effect is considerably smaller than their profiles (and egos). In other words, had the self-labeled Leftists chosen to spend all their time away from laptops and pocket meetings and instead used armchairs, the results would have not been very different in both 2015 and 2019 (and of course other elections). The same would go for the nationalists.

Of course things are a bit different in Britain, considering Brexit, Johnson and deep-seated xenophobia coming out into the open, but one feels that electorate-temper has been as misread in that country as it was in Sri Lanka. Nevertheless, the commonalities of misreading, mis-extrapolation and missing the bus consequently are hard to deny.  

One thing is certain. The November 16, 2019 election showed up many political scientists and political commentators for being utterly inept. Perhaps it was a sobering experience and we might see more informed and perceptive missives from them in the future. I am not betting on it though. 
This article was first published in the Sunday Observer [December 15, 2019]

malindasenevi@gmail.com. www.malindawords.blogspot.com

Ven. Budugala Jinawansa Thera President Hela Budhu Saviya

December 16, 2019

His Excellency

U Win Myint

The President of Myanmar

Myanmar

Your Excellency,

We are deeply concerned with the allegations made against Myanmar at the International Court of Justice, and the denigration of Myanmar world – wide by the International Media working hand in glove with sinister NGO groups having a diabolical anti – Buddhist agenda. They are blatantly using the bogey of Human Rights and false and misleading accusations of Genocide to name and shame countries, that are truly independent, assert sovereign rights of free nations, and do not bow down to western diktat.

Today it is Myanmar. Tomorrow it will be Sri Lanka. Having destroyed Iraq, Libya, Syria, Afghanistan without being held to account for their crimes, the very same western countries are now strategically using Muslims to destroy the foundations of Buddhist countries.  

Both Myanmar and Sri Lanka have a shared past linked to Theravada Buddhism running for over a thousand years. History shows that both countries had assisted each other in times of crisis when the survival of each country was at stake. An existential threat from a common source intending to displace Buddhism in both countries persists today. This trend is clearly visible in the narrative of the disappearance and replacement of Buddhism in several Asian countries during the last one thousand years.

The Dharmic (Indo – Buddhist) world must take cognizance of these historical developments and ask the question whether the current happenings in Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand (all Theravada Buddhist countries now besieged ) are but a continuation of a tailored process set in motion over a thousand years ago to dislodge and finally replace Buddhism from its traditional primacy in Buddhist Asia.

British colonial rulers must take blame for much of Myanmar’s contemporary troubles, having intentionally stoked tensions between its Bamar Buddhist majority and ethnic minorities through a strategy of divide and rule,” sowing seeds of resentment between the Bamar and minorities like the Rohingya.

Will the British also take responsibility for bringing most Rohingyas from Bengal in the 19^th and 20^th centuries as cheap labour to work in Burmese paddy fields, in a manner similar to bringing Indian Tamils as indentured labour to Sri Lanka then called Ceylon to work in tea plantations without the consent of the Kandyan Sinhalese people, and whose traditional lands were forcefully grabbed by the British under the draconian Waste Lands Ordinance, 1840 ? 

We take the view that the elected Government of Myanmar with a mandate to protect the citizens of Myanmar, had no other choice but to send its armed forces to Rakhine in order to protect Buddhists, Hindus, and various indigenous Tribal Groups, who faced the wrath of ARSA (Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army) and the Bengali Muslims who had infiltrated Rakhine heavily with intent to grab land and dispossess the original inhabitants namely the citizens of Myanmar, from their traditional home land in Rakhine.  

We further take the view that what the Government of Myanmar is doing is absolutely right, in protecting Myanmar’s interest in the face of OIC funded propaganda. The So called Rohingyas are illegal immigrants from Bangladesh. Where was ICJ and UN when Bangladesh was ethnic cleansing Buddhist tribes (Chakma, Marma, Tripura etc.) from Chittagong Hill Tracts?”

A propaganda war has been launched against Myanmar by the OIC and the highly prejudiced international media such as Al Jazeera that totally ignores the Bengali Muslim land grab that blights Rakhine, the Chittagong Hill Tracts (Bangladesh), and various parts of India including Assam.

A similar situation of organized and co -ordinated violence arose in Sri Lanka, when on Easter Sunday April 21, 2019, suicide bombers linked to radical Islamic terrorist groups killed 259 people and injured over 500 people.   Three churches and three luxury hotels in Colombo were targeted in a series of coordinated terrorist suicide bombings.

The failure to counter aggressive Abrahamic incursions can only lead to the shrinking of Buddhist space and Territory in South Asia, South East Asia and the Far East.

We admire the moral courage of Myanmar in standing up to foreign invaders. Much of Asia was once under European colonial rule for centuries. People in Asian countries fought for their freedom and liberty from Western colonial occupation, and finally obtained independence. But this independence is now again under threat from neo – colonialism.   

Organization of Islamic Co – operation (OIC) is in the picture via Gambia. The absence of the equivalent of an OIC in the Buddhist world such as a summit level League of Buddhist Nations, is worrisome. While European Christian heritage nations are protected heavily by the European Union (EU) and NATO, and Islamic countries have the powerful 57 member OIC to take up their cause at the drop of a hat, Buddhist countries unfortunately lack an effective international Buddhist organization with clout to adequately defend them at a time of crisis.

Between Turkey and Indonesia, there are only four non – Muslim countries, namely the pre-dominantly Hindu India, and three predominantly Buddhist countries, Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Thailand. They all face threats to their survival from armed violence and demographic change.

Hela Budhu Saviya wishes to express concern, at these developments which threaten the future of Buddhist nations.  The people of Sri Lanka and Myanmar have a long history of friendship and solidarity. We express our continued support and admiration to an Asian Heroine namely the State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi for her great courage and perseverance in the face of continued threats and intimidation.  

You are not alone.

Hela Budhu Saviya pledges support and backing to the Government and people of Myanmar in their hour of crisis.

May the Triple Gem Bless you

Ven. Budugala Jinawansa Thera

President Hela Budhu Saviya

Sri Lanka

Press Release of the Embassy of China

Ten Sri Lankan medical practitioners including three doctors and seven nurses from the Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) affected areas finished a 2-month training program at Peking University First Hospital (PUFH) in Beijing. The commencement ceremony of the Training Program was held on Dec. 12, 2019. For two months, the trainees got full time training in the hemodialysis center, the nephrology ward and the peritoneal dialysis center of the PUFH, one of the best hospitals in China. 
As a training program lasting for the third consecutive year, the training program was sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in an attempt to help tackle the CKDu issue in Sri Lanka. The program has trained thirty medical practitioners for Sri Lanka up to now.
Please find the following report by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) “Training Program 2019 for Sri Lankan Medical Practitioners in Nephrology held in Beijing”

Courtesy Ada Derana

The two individuals, who were arrested over controversial statements made at a media briefing conducted by former Health Minister Rajitha Senaratne on the purported incidents regarding white vans”, have been remanded until the 27th of December.

The Colombo Chief Magistrate issued the order when the two individuals were presented before the court today (16).

The CID had commenced an investigation into a media briefing conducted by the former Health Minister in early November along with two other individuals, where they made controversial statements.

On the 10th of November this year, Senaratne had called two persons named Anthony Douglas Fernando and Athula Sanjeewa Madanayake for the said press conference, who made controversial statements and allegations regarding white vans” and purported incidents of certain abductions, assassinations, robberies and forced disappearances during the administration of former President Mahinda Rajapaksa.

One of them had claimed that he was a white van” driver involved in abducting people while the other claimed he once served as a driver to transport a stock of gold in previously LTTE-held areas.

On December 02, the CID presented a submission to the Colombo Chief Magistrate Lanka Jayaratne regarding the said media briefing. Considering a request made by the CID, the chief magistrate had ordered several media institutions to submit the unedited video footage from this press conference to the investigators for onward probes.

The investigations in this regard were launched after a complaint was lodged by an individual named Kumudu Pradeep Sanjeewa Perera.

Courtesy Hiru News

President Gotabaya Rajapaksa said that the local staffer attached to the Swiss Embassy was not abducted and, it has now been revealed that the incident was solely a calculated target on him.

Addressing the heads of media institutions this morning, he further said that CCTV footage, telephone conversations and other independent investigations have already revealed that such an incident had not taken place

The president also said that the behavior of the allegedly abducted Embassy staffer was suspicious as she did not cooperate with investigators.

He said the Swiss Embassy in Colombo has extended its full support towards the investigations, however.

Commenting on the alleged white van phobia that was brought to the election platform by the previous government, President Rajapaksa said such practices are fitting to the individuals such as former minister Rajitha Senarathna.

He further said that the media conferences convened by Senarathna to disseminate make-believe stories helped increase his final vote count.

Addressing the heads of media institutions, President Rajapaksa said that his only challenge in 2020 is to implement his election manifesto.

He said that all ministers and public workers should make full commitments towards his goal and attitudinal changes in the Public sector has to be done in this regard.

The employment task force will begin offering jobs next year and it will give priority to youth from low-income group families.

The President further said that the aim of the government is to inculcate different skills in unskilled youth to enable them to look for jobs locally and internationally.

President Gotabaya Rajapaksa said that no foreign worker will be employed in local jobs and said that his aim is to step forward with local intellectuals.<br /> <br /> Responding to participating heads of media institutions, President Rajapaksa said that a committee has been appointed to do a correct study on the controversial Millennium Challenge Corporation as well.

He also said that his government would never postpone due elections in the future.

At the same time, he said the media can make a big impact to put a government on the correct track, therefore, no form of pressure would be brought on the media.

He also said that an effective media office will be set up in the course of time, enabling it to make direct statements on relevant subjects instead of announcing government opinions.

Courtesy Hiru News

he Swiss Embassy officer Garnier Banister Francis who was arrested by the CID, has been remanded until the 30

This was after she was produced before Colombo Chief Magistrate Lanka Jayaratne.

උපුටා ගැන්ම හිරු නිව්ස්

2016 වසරේ රාජගිරියේදී තරුණයෙකු රිය අනතුරට ලක් කළ බව කියන සිද්ධියට අදාළව හිටපු අමාත්‍ය පාඨලී චම්පික රණවක නීතීඥයෙකු මාර්ගයෙන් අද අධිකරණය හමුවේ පෙනී සිටියා.

හිරු අධිකරණ වාර්තාකරු සඳහන් කළේ ඒ අනුව ඔහු කොළඹ අතිරේක මහේස්ත්‍රාත් කාංචනා නෙරංජනා ද සිල්වා හමුවේ පෙනී සිටි බවයි.

එහිදී හිටපු අමාත්‍යවරයා වෙනුවෙන් පෙනී සිටි නීතීඥවරයා අධිකරණයට දැනුම්දී ඇත්තේ තම සේවාදායකයා සහ ඔහුගේ රියදුරාට අදාළව ලබාගෙන ඇති විදෙස් ගමන් තහනම ඒකපාර්ශවික කරුණු ඉදිරිපත් කිරීමක් මගින් ගත් තීන්දුවක් බවටයි.

එමෙන්ම, කොළඹ අපරාධ කොට්ඨාශයේ නිලධාරින් හිටපු අමාත්‍යවරයාගේ රියදුරාගේ ගාල්ල – ඉමදූවේ පිහිටි නිවසට ගොස් ඔහුගේ ඥාතීන් බලහත්කාරයෙන් කොළඹට රැගෙනවිත් ඇති බවට ද නීතිඥවරයා අධිකරණයට දැනුම් දුන්නා.

කෙසේ වෙතත්, කොළඹ අපරාධ කොට්ඨාශය කරුණු ඉදිරිපත් කරමින් කියා සිටියේ නිසියාකාරව කරුණු ඉදිරිපත් කිරීමෙන් පසු අදාළ විදෙස් ගමන් තහනම ලබා ගත් බවයි.

බලහත්කාරයකින් තොරව අමාත්‍යවරයාගේ රියදුරාගේ ඥාතීන් කොළඹට රැගෙන ආවේ ඔහු රැදී සිටින කොළඹ නිවස හදුනා ගැනීම සදහා බව ද කොළඹ අපරාධ කොට්ඨාශය අධිකරණයට දැනුම් දුන්නා.

එසේම පොලීසියේ ඉල්ලීම අනුව අධිකරණය නියෝග කළේ විමර්ශන කටයුතු සඳහා දුරකථන අංක 20ක් සම්බන්ධයෙන් විශ්ලේෂණ වාර්තාවක් කැදවීමටයි.

වැඩිදුර විමර්ශනය සඳහා නඩුව ලබන වසරේ පෙබරවාරි මස 14 වන දා යළි කැදවන අතර, එතෙක් හිටපු අමාත්‍ය පාඨලී චම්පික රණවකට සහ ඔහුගේ රියදුරාට විදෙස් ගමන් තහනම ක්‍රියාත්මකයි.

මේ අතර හිටපු අමාත්‍ය පාඨලී චම්පික රණවක මහතාට එරෙහිව එල්ල වී චෝදනා සම්බන්ධයෙන් ප්‍රතිචාර දැක්විම සඳහා එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂ පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රී අකිල විරාජ් කාරියවසම් මහතා ඇතුළු පිරිසක් අද කොළඹදී විශේෂ ප්‍රවෘත්ති සාකච්ඡාවක් පැවැත්වූවා.

Courtesy Hiru News

Former Minister Patali Champika Ranawaka appeared before the Colombo Additional Magistrate Kanchana Neranjana de Silva today in connection with an incident involving a youth in Rajagiriya in 2016.

Former Minister Patali Champika Ranawaka and his driver were imposed an overseas travel ban in connection with the accident by the Colombo Additional Magistrate’s Court.

Courtesy Hiru

United National Bhikkhu Front states that the UNP MPs should seek tuition on politics from Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa

General Secretary of the organization, Thiniyawala Palitha Thera was addressing a media conference held at the UNP headquarters Sirikotha this morning.

Meanwhile, a meeting between the UNP leader Ranil Wickremesinghe and the representatives of the Kurunegala District Local Governments was held at Sirikotha today.

විපක්ෂ නායකධුරය, පක්ෂ නායක ධුරය ඇතුළු තනතුරු කිසිවක් නොව තමන්ට අවශ්‍යව ඇත්තේ මිලියන ගණනක ණය ගෙවා ගැනීමට පමණක් බව හිටපු අමාත්‍ය සජිත් ප්‍රේමදාස මහතා පැවසූ බවට එක්සත් ජාතික භික්ෂු පෙරමුණේ සාමාජික භික්ෂූන් වහන්සේ පවසනවා.

ඒ, අද පෙරවරුවේ සිරිකොත පක්ෂ මුලස්ථානයේ පැවති ප්‍රවෘත්ති සාකච්ඡාවකට එක්වෙමින්.

Published by the Land-Law Circle

Is the MCC Compact the only document that endangers the security of the Nation?

Should we not analyse our past experiences too to fathom our vulnerability to adopt foreign land statutes and systems when enticed with foreign aid? It is unfortunate that several intellectuals and advisers expect us to read only the MCC document,  forgetting all the other agreements that had made costly mistakes with regard to our land rights. We are compelled to accept inroads to our land rights, simply to accommodate gifts and loans.
 
We had entered into several agreements in the past that required us to legislate foreign laws relating to land, simply to enable us to accept foreign grants. ‘All this for the sake of alleviating poverty’ , was how we were  pacified.  The World Bank suggested that we need to introduce a new law, an Australian law, which required the drawing of cadastral maps for 9 million blocks of land within a time frame of 25 years. 

We could not find the trained professionals and completed about two hundred thousand blocks in the course of the last 20 years.
Now, with the project yet uncompleted, we are stranded without funds, the funding organisations refusing to continue with the funding.  Funding so far given is supposed to be 5 million Dollars given when the dollar rate was Rs 87 and Rs 109
 
The World Bank Reports of 2001 and 2007 give a clear picture as to why they have refused funding.   Presently, Sri Lanka is limping along with laws and procedures unknown to land owners and the legal professionals. On the other hand, we are compelled to complete what we have started as the Constitution does not allow us to obtain redress from court to repeal statutes.
 
Suddenly, some funding has arrived. We are instructed by the funders to privatise ownership of land, leapfrog from manual records to electronic records while half the manual records are corrupted with fraud; and to boot we are saddled with Colonial statutes which remain unrevised since 1863.   
 
The proposed radical changes suggested by funding organisations will destroy our paper deeds, destroy all historical records of our land ownership; we will be reduced to a paperless deed environment and our current land ownership will be confined to a digital number toxic with corruption reflected in the manual register; this corruption will now be totally irreversible in the digital state.

It will be a Herculean task for the judiciary, lawyers and land owners to unravel the past frauds; the frauds that will occur in the future will be outside the scope of the judiciary.  Perhaps the owners are not aware that they cannot obtain redress form court under the new digital laws .
 
For any land development project to be successful a comprehensive and compulsory land registry is a must. If privatisation, as advised by the MCC is implemented, millions of deeds will be entering the spatial domain of  land registries which has seen better days when there were no leaking roofs and sufficient space.  Today, the computers are pushed to corners not affected by leaking roofs.   
 
The Registrar, early this year, had informed his hierarchy of this plight. When deeds are damaged lost or torn he justifies it, even to the judiciary, by adverting to the physical state of the Registry.  [see picture re letters and the manner in which deeds are kept due to lack of buildings]. 
 
Land fraud inevitably is extremely pervasive; deeds are registered even if they are forged or invalid.
 
The data is being taken from the books of the land registry in to computers without first remedying this situation in the Manual register  
 
The poor, who have leasehold rights to their land will, after privatisation, lose the government protection as they will have to keep their deeds in a registry   which has 50% forged deeds  according to the Registrar. The Government will no longer protect their  rights; they  will have to do so personally at their  expense and time.https://www.newsfirst.lk/2019/03/17/50-of-land-deeds-in-sri-lanka-forged-registrar-general/.The.   

The major issue will be that they will not be protected by the simple common law that that they were governed when lands were owned by the government. They will be governed by, Customary Laws such as Kandyan Law, Thesawalamai Law, Muslim Law.
 
To enter into land transactions investors will have to enquire  whether a person is a Muslim Tamil or a Sinhalese [Kandyan or Low Country], a man or a woman as the customary laws did not grant men and women equal rights to property rights.

The World Bank reports of 2001 and 2007 specifically states that Sri Lanka lacks institutions and professionals to move forward. It is was their   considered opinion that  Sri Lanka was not ready  for proceeding with digitalisation and other progressive steps relating to land. The World Bank lists a plethora of issues relevant in 2019 vis a vis the MCC Agreement:
 

1. Land Settlement Department staff lack skills in adjudication, for example, existing information is not sufficiently used, third party interests are not informed (hence disputes are created and rights are not protected);
2. the legal frame work for land titling is inadequate; far too many Ministries deal with the subject—there is no coordination
3. the organizational framework not efficient, effective, or sustainable;
4. no published results, workshops, or stakeholder discussions have reviewed progress of ongoing titling activities, either in terms of implementation experience or socio economic impacts;
5. No coordination between departments resulted in multiple visits which waste government budgets and client’s time;
6. prospects for large-scale financing of systematic titling unlikely;
7. lack of the use of modem and efficient survey and information technology for efficiency and productivity gains in titling;
8. 8.absence of the involvement of private sector capacity and skills to supplement government capacity and skills to speedup title registration and coverage;
9. No motivation to carry out a continuing land related policy reform dialogue;
10. 10 human resource development essential for an efficient long-term land titling program not addressed.

If we have failed to address these issues highlighted by World Bank in 2001 and thereafter in 2007 under what protections are we entering in to further agreements.

The country requires a professional team to look in to the half-done land projects from which we cannot go back, presently requiring large funds and buildings. The most important factor is to investigate the administration’s inability mentioned in the reports, which the World Bank had pointed out as the cause for failure.  
 
The MCC agreement has a ‘warning clause’ that they will exit the Agreement if we do not comply with all their requirements.
 
And another clause states that they will not fund beyond what they have offered; if we expend more it would be our liability.  
 
If we proceed irresponsibly, merely receiving grants, knowing the situation  we have placed ourselves  in the past we will have to bear the  inexorable cost. The land owners will not have any relief to prove their ownership specially in a paperless land registry without any safety measures to protect the rights of owners. There would be no protective hand of the Judiciary to give them relief as the Judicial powers are taken away by Act 21 of 1998.
  
The ground-breaking 1976 presentation by Prof. Weeramantry Equality and Freedom: some Third World Perspectives” at the 1976 Conference in the US of the World Association for the Philosophy of Law & Social Philosophy is the best example to showcase the status of Sri Lanka’s lands. Asia Week described the monograph as the ‘Magna Carta for the Third World”
 
‘Third World nations after independence suddenly found themselves released amidst currents raging so irresistibly, we were suddenly  tossed into this maelstrom, before we  could put our house in order.”
 
He explains that Third World citizens, subject or oppressed people for centuries were released into a world where wealth and technology had raced ahead. Their theoretical equality whether as states or citizens, tended year by year to sound increasingly hollow as economic and political power showed itself on the international scene to be prepared to turn these into empty shibboleths”
 
MCC did not suddenly evolve, seemingly to resolve our land rights , There was an  evolutionary process for the past 60  years, which we have sadly  ignored .  The evolutionary process to offer the carrot of funding first came in 1952 with a report termed ‘The views of the International Bank For Reconstruction  And Development [ 1952 report ] On Insecurity of Land Titles.  This was very similar to the MCC agreement, which needed to privatize lands, repeal all the local laws and introduce the Australia law.  The difference was we had an erudite lawyer who studied this report, worked single handedly for 3 years to stop the invasion, to save Sri Lanka ’s land rights, with laws suitable for the society

Dr Sudath Gunasekara 14,12.2019.

The UNP can never come to power unless they change their name UNP, present leadership, policies and their dependence on the west and the Tamil and Muslim minorities and get armed with a new policy that is more patriotic and inward looking and more appealing to the masses than what the Pohottuwa stands for.

(Continued from December 6th, 2019 Lankaweb The Birth and the Demise of the UNP (Un-patriotic non-National Party).

The UNP can never come to power unless they change their name UNP, present leadership, policies and their dependence on the west and the minorities and get armed with a new policy that is more patriotic and inward looking and more appealing to the masses than what the Pohottuwa stands for

Further to my previous essay on the above subject published on 6th Dec, I would like to add few more comments on the UNP that would be interesting to my readers.  JR had carefully selected two young brilliant politicians Gamini Disanayaka and Lalith Atulathmudali as potential future leaders to fill the vacuum of the party after him. In fact JR was grooming Gamini as his successor Gamini to be the next President. But Premadasa, (Just like what Sajit did in 2019 against Ranil) deployed an Island wide campaign against JR against his move to nominate Gamini and he wanted the nominations for the Presidency. I remember the words JR MARAMU appeared overnight on the roads and instances where even school children wrote these words on their slates were reported.  Finally JR gave in and Premadasa (Father of Sajit) who took over the leadership by force and intimidation from JR towards the end of 1988  became the President on 2nd Jan in 1989. From the day he became President he did not like Gamini and Lalith as he considered them to be a potential threat to him. So he sidelined them and demoted in their Ministerial positions. Gamini decided to leave politics under Premadasa and left the country to Cambridge for studies. Lalith remained behind as destiny wanted him to and he was finally assassinated on April 23, 1993 at an election meeting at Kirulapana by Premadasa’s goons.  Premadasa himself was assassinated by the LTTE on 1 May 1993, perhaps in retribution for what he had done. He was succeeded by D.B. Wijetunga and got down Gamini to lead the Party. He was also assassinated the LTTE at an election meeting in Totalanga. while he was addressing Presidential meeting to Chandrikas luck.

The following two mews items that appeared in media narrate the conspiracy behind Lalith”s political assassination.

Athulathmudali was assassinated when he was shot by a gunman on 23 April 1993 after an election rally at Kirulapana. Initially, the government blamed the LTTE and produced the body of a Tamil youth named Ragunathan which was found near the scene of the shooting the following day. He had apparently died from taking a cyanide capsule. However, these claims were later proved to be false.

A Presidential Commission carried out by the Sri Lankan Government concluded that Sri Lankan President Ranasinghe Premadasa was directly responsible for the assassination. It also concluded that the Tamil youth Ragunathan, was murdered by the same people who killed Athulathmudali, by forcibly administering him with cyanide.”

Does this not  speaks volumes of Ranasinha Premadasa’s vicious  plans to remove the most brilliant political leader JR had picked up to take the UNP forward and the irreparable damage he had done to the UNP in particular and the country at large

 In this back drop what credentials Sajih can claim to lead the UNP at a crucial time of the Party like the present when it had fallen to the lowest level in its history with both in its anti-Sinhala Anti-Buddhist policies and the quality politicians it has brought to Parliament where there isn’t a single promising Potential leader of quality statesmanship.

I consider the assassination of Lalith in 1993 and the death of Gamini in 1994 as the beginning of the journey of UNP to its demise for which R Premadasa was solely accountable. He was directly responsible for Lalith’s murder, as it was later reported in the press, and of cause for Gamini’s, leaving the Party. These two young shining stars of the UNP would have definitely lifted the UNP to unbelievable levels had they lived. Of the two, having worked with him for one year and known very closely Lalith would have made this country a miracle in Asia if lived to lead the UNP. As a person who has worked closely with both, I can tell you with authority the story of UNP as a political party would have been completely different today if they lived to date.

Gamini being senior to Lalith in politics and more charismatic was certainly a popular politician who could attract crowds with his pleasant personality. But Lalith was a world class leader with his academic credentials from Oxford and Harvard with no peer either here or even in India. I worked with him very closely for one year under the Ministry of Agriculture and I rate him as the best politician and statesman I have ever met. I have devoted one chapter for him in my book ‘Deyata Ahimivana Ran Akara” a critique of public Administration of our time. Both of them revolted against Premadasa for which they had to pay dearly. Premadasa did not like both of them and finally got them removed from the party. That was the biggest damage Premadasa did to the UNP and the treachery to the country.  In this backdrop those crazy young UNP MPP who expect Ranasinha Premadasa’s son (who does not inherit an iota of R Premadasa’s talents) to lift up the UNP that has already been dumped in to the dustbin of history by Ranil, in my opinion is only day dreaming on their part.

If the political forces those who are dying for the UNP, wants to rekindle it again the first thing they should do is to drop this illegitimate name UNP, baptized by Mason Moor, the colonial British to ruin this country and the Sinhala Nation, as I have discussed in detail in my previous article, and start with a new name, that goes with the spirit of the nation and that can attract and mobilize the Sinhala Buddhists populous and whole Sinhala nation including the s/Catholics and S/Christians. Second they have to reorganize the new Party under a new leadership, other than both Ranil Wickramasinha and Sajit Premadasa, both of whom have been rejected by the Sinhala Buddhists. As for me I don’t see anyone among all those who are already in Parliament, either among the so-called seniors or juniors who can command the respect and regard of the majority Sinhala Buddhist voters.

Anyway they have enough time till at least 2030 to begin a new political journey as the present Government will definitely be in power at least till then. Whoever is going to be the new leader, they as a party can never come back to power even after 2030 unless they change their policies on their dependence on the west and the minorities and get armed with a new policy that is more patriotic and inward looking and more appealing to the masses than what the Pohottuwa stands for as I have stated at the beginning.

ජානක පෙරේරා විසිනි 

(මේ ලිපියේ අරමුණ ලංකා ගුවන් විදුලි සේවයේ වැඩි දෙනා නොදන්නා කරුනු හෙලි කිරීමය).   

මෙම දෙසැම්බර් 16 වනදාට මෙරට මුල්වරට ගුවන් විදුලි සේවාවක් පටන්ගෙන වසර 94 ක් සපිරෙයි. ඊට මග පැදුනේ කිසිවකු නොසිතු අයුරින්ය. ඒ පළමුවැනි ලෝක යුද්ධය (1914-1918) ඇරඹීම නිසවෙනි. එම යුද්ධයෙන් බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය ජර්මනිය පරදා ජයගත් පසු එවකට බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය යටත් විජිතයක් වූ මෙරටට බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන් විසින් ඔවුන් විසින් අල්ලගන්නා ලද ජර්මන් සබ්මැරීනයක ගුවන් විදුලි උපකරණ කොටස් ගෙනෙන ලදී.

මෙරට විදුලි සංදේශ දෙපාර්තමේන්තු ඉංජිනේරුවෝ එම ජර්මන් නාවික උපකාර වල ආධාරයෙන් කුඩා ගුවන් විදුලි සම්ප්‍රේෂණ යන්ත්‍රයක් සාදා අත්හදා බැලීමක් වශයෙන් 1923 දී කොළඹ මධ්‍යම විදුලි පණිවුඩ කාර්යාලයේ කුඩා කාමරයක සිට ග්‍රැමෆෝන් තැටි සංගීතය විකාශනය කලහ.  ඒ යුරෝපයේ මුල් වරට ගුවන් විදුලි සේවාවන් ඇරඹීමෙන් වසර තුනකට පසුවය. අත්හදා බැලීම සාර්ථක වූයෙන් වසර 1925 දෙසැම්බර් 16 වන දා මෙරට ප්‍රථම ගුවන් විදුලි සේවාව ඇරඹින.එවකට එය හැඳින්වුනේ ‘කොළඹ ගුවන් විදුලිය‘ යනුවෙනි. ඊළඟ වසරේදී ගුවන්ව්දුලි සංගීත විකාශන ස්ටුඩියෝවක් කොළඹ ලංකා සරසවි කොලීජියේ අරඹන ලදී. වසර 1927 දී ශබ්ද ශ්‍රවණයට ගැලපෙන විකාශන ස්ටුඩියෝවක් ටොරින්ටන් චතුරශ්‍රයේදී (අද නිදහස් චතුරශ්රය) පිහිටුවින. 

ප්‍රථම සිංහල ගුවන් විදුලි නිවේදකයා වූ ඩී. එම්.කොළඹගේ මහතා සිංහල විකාශනය පටන්ගත්තේ “කොළඹින් කතාකරමි” යනුවෙනි. ප්‍රථම සිංහල නිවේදිකාව වුයේ ප්‍රභා රණතුංග මහත්මියයි.    

වසර 1934 දී ගුවන්විදුලි විකාශන උපදේශක මණ්ඩලයක් පිහිටුවන ලදුව සැතපුම් 40 ක දුරක වටප්‍රමාණයේ පැහැදිලිව ශ්‍රවණයවීම සඳහා අත්හදා බැලීම් වශයෙන් කෙටි තරංග විකාශනයක් අරඹන ලදී. එවකට බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය අධිරාජ්‍යය සඳහා විසුරුවා හරින වැඩසටහන් ශ්‍රවණය කිරීම සඳහා මධ්‍යස්ථානයක්ද  පිහිටුවින. වසර 1937 දී ශ්‍රී ලාංකික ඉංජිනේරුවෙක් කිලෝවොට් 3.5 ක කෙටි තරංග සම්ප්‍රේෂණ යන්ත්‍රයක් මෙම සේවාව සඳහා නිර්මාණය කලේය. 

ඉන් දෙවසරකට පසු දෙවන ලෝක යුද්ධය ඇරඹීමෙන් ගුවන්විදුලි සේවාවේ ප්‍රගතියට බාධා ඇතිවිය. වසර 1942 දී ජපානය යුද්ධයට අවතීර්ණ වීමත් සමග ගුවන් විදුලි මූලස්ථානය තාවකාලිකව බොරැල්ල කොටා පාරේ බංගලාවකට ගෙනයන ලදී. කොළඹට සහ ත්‍රිකුණාමලයට ජපන් ගුවන් ප්‍රහාර එල්ල  වුයේ එම වසරේ අප්‍රේල් මාසයේය. ටොරින්ටන් චතුරශ්‍රයේ ගුවන් විදුලි මධ්‍යස්ථාන භූමිය බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය රාජකීය ගුවන් හමුදාවට (RAF) පැවරින. මේ අතරතුර  බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය–ඇමෙරිකන් අග්නිදිග ආසියා යුද  මූලස්ථානයෙන් (South East Asia Command Headquarters) ආසියාවට ජපන්–විරෝධී ගුවන් විදුලි ප්‍රචාරයන් විසුරුවා හැරීම සඳහා කොළඹ කොල්ලුපිටියේ ටරට් පාරේ (අද ධර්මපාල මාවත) විකාශනාගාරයක් පිහිටුවන ලදී. එය හැඳින්වුනේ ‘රේඩියෝ‘ සියැක් (Radio SEAC) යනුවෙනි.’  ජපනුන් විසින් යටත් කරගන්නා ලද අග්නිදිග ආසියා රටවලට ප්‍රචාර නිකුත් කල මෙය ඉතාමත්ම බලගතු විකාශනාගාරයක් විය. එය මෙරට පිහිටුවීමට පියවර ගත්තේ එවකට අග්නිදිග ආසියා යුද  මූලස්ථානයේ ප්‍රධානියා වූ ලුවී මවුන්ට්බැටන් අද්මිරාල් වරයාය. ඔහු 1944 දී නවදිල්ලියේ පිහිටි සිය කාර්යාලය මහනුවරට ගෙන ආවේය. ඒ බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය–ඇමෙරිකන් ආසියා  යුද මූලස්ථානය වූ ලංකාවේ සිට ජපන්–විරෝධී යුද්ධය මෙහෙය වීම වඩාත් පහසු නිසාය.

ඊළඟ වසරේ යුද්ධය අවසන් වී 1948 දී මෙරටට නිදහස ලැබීමෙන් පසු ‘රේඩියෝ‘ සියැක් පිළිබඳව ගතයුතු පියවර පිළිබඳව බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය සහ ලංකාව අවධානය යොමු කලහ. දෙරට අතර ඇතිකරගත් ගිවිසුමකට අනුව 1949 මාර්තු පළමු වැනිදා එහි අයිතිය ලංකාවට පවරන ලදී. එහි කොන්දේසිය වුයේ බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය සඳහාද ප්‍රචාරක පහසුකම් එමගින් සැලසිය යුතු වීමයි. ඒ සමගම ‘රේඩියෝ‘ සියැක් සහ මෙරට ගුවන් විදුලි සේවාවන් ඒකාබද්ධ කරන ලද අතර ඒ අනුව 1949 දෙසැම්බර් පළමු වැනිදා ලංකා  ගුවන් විදුලි දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව බිහිවිය. ඊට පෙර මෙරට ගුවන් විදුලි සේවාව ලංකා මුහුදු සීමාවෙන් ඔබ්බට විකාශනය කිරීමට නොහැකි විය. ගිවිසුමෙන් පසු තත්වය වෙනස් වුවද බලගතු සියැක් විකාශන වල තාක්ෂණික අයිතිය තවමත් බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන් සතු විය  වසර 1949 වන විට මෙරට ගුවන්විදුලි යන්ත්‍ර බලපත් හිමියන්ගේ ගණන 27000 ක් විය. (අද  ගුවන්විදුලි ශ්‍රවණ යන්ත්‍ර තබා ගැනීමට බලපත් අවශ්‍ය නැත).  

දෙරට අතර ඇතිකරගත් ගිවිසුමට අනුව ‘රේඩියෝ‘ සියැක් සේවාවෙන් කලා සේ ලංකා  ගුවන් විදුලි සේවයද  අග්නිදිග ආසියා රටවල රඳවා සිටි බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය හමුදා වෙනුවෙන් ගුවන් විදුලි විකාශන පවත්වා ගෙන ගියේය. බලගතු සියැක් විකාශන වල තාක්ෂණික අයිතිය තවමත් බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන් සතු විය. එනිසා ලංකාව තවමත් ස්වාධීන රටක් නොවේ යයි තර්ක කල සෝවියට් රුසියාව අප රටට එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ මණ්ඩලයේ සාමාජිකත්වය හිමිවීම වැලැක්විය     

.      

එවකට ලංකාව සහ රුසියාව අතර තානාපති සම්බන්ධතා නොපැවතිනි.

කෙසේ වෙතත් අවසානයේදී එකල ලකිසුරුව සිටි ශ්‍රීමත් ඔලිවර් ගුණතිලක මහතාගේ ශූර බුද්ධිය නිසා ස්ටර්ලිං පවුම් මිලියන තුනකට සියැක් විකාශන යන්ත්‍ර මෙරටට විකුණන්නට තැත් කල බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයට ඒවා නොමිලයේම අපට දීමට සිදු විය.මෙය ලංකා ගුවන් විදුලි ඉතිහාසයේ ඉතා වැදගත් ජයග්‍රහණයකි. 

ඇත්ත වශයෙන්ම ඔලිවර් ගුණතිලක කලේ සුද්දන් රැවටීමකි. ඒ කාලයේදී  ඔහු – ලකිසුරු වීමට පෙර – ලන්ඩන් නුවර ලංකා මහ කොමසාරිස් විය.  හිටපු රාජ්‍ය ඇමති ආනන්දතිස්ස ද අල්විස් මහතා පුවත්පත් කලාවේදී ටාසි විට්ටච්චි මහතාට පැවසු අන්දමට සිද්ධිය වුයේ මෙසේය  එවකට ඔහු ශ්‍රීමත් ජෝන් කොතලාවල මහතාගේ (අගමැති වීමට පෙර) පුද්ගලික ලේකම් ලෙස මේ ගැන කතිකා කරගැනීම සඳහා බ්‍රිතාන්‍යට ගිය දූත පිරිසට එක් විය.  එරටට ගොඩබැස රැස්වීමට යන අතරතුර ඔලිවර් සිය උපක්‍රමය සහ රඟපෑ යුතු අන්දම ගැන දූත පිරිසේ සෙස්සන්ට හෙලි කලේය.  ඔවුන් ගමන් කල වාහනයේ රියැදුරා සුද්දකු වූ බැවින් ඔහුට නොතේරෙන ලෙස ඔවුන් කතා කලේ සිංහල බසිනි. 

 රැස්වීමේ මුලසුන හෙබවුයේ බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය පොදුරාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩල කටයුතු පිලිබඳ ඇමති ශ්‍රීමත් පැට්‍රික් ගෝඩ්න් වෝකර් මහතාය.  රැස්වීමට බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ගුවන් විදුලි සේවයේ සහ එරට මහා භාණ්ඩාගාරයේ නියෝජිතයෝද සහභාගී වූහ. රැස්වීම අමතමින් ශ්‍රීමත් පැට්‍රික් කියා සිටියේ ලංකා ගුවන් විදුලි දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව (සියැක් විකාශන යන්ත්‍ර සහිතව) ස්ටර්ලිං පවුම් මිලියන තුනකට විකිණිය හැකි බවය. 

“මොනවා “? ඔලිවර් මවාගත් විමතියකින් ප්‍රශ්න කලේය.

“ඔව්” ඔලිවර් පැට්‍රික් පිළිතුරු දුන්නේය “ඉතා ලබෙටයි ඔබට අප මෙය ලබාදෙන්නේ“

“ලාබෙට?. අපට ඕක මිලට ගන්න ඕන නැහැ. කීයටවත් එපා. ඔයිට වඩා අපේ විදේශ විනිමය වැය කලයුතු දේ තියෙනවා“

එසේ කියමින් මවාගත් කෝපයකින් පුපුරමින් ඔලිවර් රැස්වීම් කාමරයෙන් පිටතට ගියේය. ජෝන් කොතලාවල ඇතුළු දූත පිරිසේ සෙස්සෝ එසේ රැස්වීමෙන් ඉවත් නොවන ලෙස ඔලිවර් ට බැගැපත් වූහ. ඊට සවන් දී  ඔහු ඉතා අකමැත්තෙන් මෙන් නැවතත් අවුත් සිය අසුනේ හිඳ ගත්තේය.  එවිට ටික වේලාවකට රැස්වීම කල් තැබූ  ශ්‍රීමත් පැට්‍රික් මේ ගැන එවකට බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය අගමැති  ක්ලෙමන්ට් ඇට්ලී ගේ මතය විමසා විනාඩි කිහිපයකින් නැවත පැමිණ කියා සිටියේ සියැක් විකාශන යන්ත්‍ර සහිත සම්පූර්ණ ගුවන් විදුලි මධ්‍යස්ථානය ලංකාවට නොමිලේ ලබා දීමට බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය රජය තීරණය කර ඇති බවයි. එපමණක් නොව හමුදා සඳහා කෙරෙන ගුවන් විදුලි ප්‍රචාර වෙනුවෙන් මෙරටට මුදල් ගෙවීමටද ඔව්හු පොරොන්දු වුහ.

 ඊට බොහෝ කලකට පසුවය බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය පොදුරාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩල කාර්යාලයට ඔලිවර් ගේ උපක්‍රමය හෙලි වුයේ.  සියැක් විකාශන යන්ත්‍ර ලංකාවෙන් ඉවත් කර වෙනත් රටකට ගෙනයාමට වැය වන මුදල පිළිබඳව ඔහු බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය අද්මිරාල්ත කාර්යාලයේ යම් කිසිවකු මාර්ගයෙන් රැස්වීමට පෙරාතුව දැනගෙන ඇත. ඒ අනුව එම විකාශන මධ්‍යස්ථානය තිබෙන තැනම තියෙන්නට හරිනවාට වඩා විශාල වියදමක් එය වෙනත් තැනකට ගෙනයාමේදී බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය රජයට වැය වන බව ඔලිවර්ට අවබෝධ වී ඇත.  ඒවා නොමිලයේ ලබා ගැනීමට ඔහු සැලසුම් කලේ ඉන් පසුවය. 

ඉන්පසු වසර 1950 සැප්තැම්බරයේදී වත්මන් ගුවන් විදුලි සංස්ථා ගොඩනැගිල්ල අංග සම්පූර්ණ ගුවන් විදුලි මධ්‍යස්ථානයක් ලෙස ඇරඹින. ඉන් පටන් ගත් 1950 දශකයේදී ලංකා වෙළෙඳ ගුවන් විදුලි සේවය ලොව පුරා එවැනි සේවා අතුරින් ඉතා උසස් මට්ටමේ සේවාවක් ලෙස නමක් දිනා ගත්තේය.  එය අපේ අසල් වැසි ඉන්දියාවේ සමස්ත ඉන්දියා ගුවන් විදුලි සේවයට වඩා එරට අසන්නන් අතරද ජනප්‍රිය විය.  

මෙරට ගුවන් ව්දුලි තාක්ෂණික නිලධාරීන් සහ නිවේදකයින් ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් පුහුණු කරනු ලැබුවේ බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ගුවන් විදුලි සේවය මගිනි. 

ලංකා ගුවන් විදුලි සේවයේ ස්වර්ණමය යුගයේදී එහි වාර්තාකරුවෝ විදේශ රටවල සිදුවූ වැදගත් සිදුවීම් පවා වාර්තා කලහ. ඒවා  අතර එවකට ඇමරිකා ජනපතිව සිටි ඩ්වයිට් ඩී අයිසන්හවර් ගේ ඉන්දීය සංචාරය සහ.එංගලන්තයේ මාගරට්  කුමරියගේ විවාහ මගුල ද විය. ලංකා ගුවන් විදුලි සේවය තුලින් අසන්නට ලැබුනු වැදගත් කතා අතර මෙරට ප්‍රථම අගමැති ඩී. එස්. සේනානායක, බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයේ දෙවැනි එලිසබෙත් රැජින, බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය අගමැති හැරල්ඩ් මැක්මිලන්, ඉන්දියාවේ ප්‍රථම අගමැති ජවහර්ලාල් නේරු , කාම්බෝජයේ සිහනුක් කුමරු, ජපන් අගමැති නොබුසුකේ කිෂි, චීන අගමැති චෞ එන් ලායි සහ කැනේඩියානු අගමැති ආර්. ඩීෆන්බේකර් යන අයගේ කතාද විය.  

මේ කාලයේ ලියුම් කරුට අමතක නොවන සිද්ධියක් වන්නේ දිවංගත අගමැති එස්.ඩබ්ලිව්.ආර්. ඩී බණ්ඩාරනායක මහතාගේ දේහය රැගත් අවමගුල් පෙරහැර කොළඹ සිට හොරගොල්ල දක්වා ගමන් කරද්දී  කරුණාරත්න අබේසේකරයන් ගුවන් විදුලියෙන් කල විචිත්‍ර විස්තර කථනයයි.  අසා සිටි අයට එය රූපවාහිනී දසුනක් මෙන් විය. එය මට තවමත් ඇසෙන්නා සේය.   

රූපවාහිනී සේවාවන් මෙරට නොතිබුණු කාලයේ රේඩියෝ රඟමඬල අසන්නන් අතර ඉතා ජනප්‍රිය විය. නවසිය පණහේ දශකයේ තවත් ජනප්‍රිය වැඩ සටහනක් වුයේ රහස් පරීක්ෂක නාට්‍යයයි.  ඒ සාජන්ට් පෙරේරාගේ වික්‍රම (පසුව ඉන්ස්පෙක්ටර් පෙරේරාගේ වික්‍රම) යි.  මුවන් ප්ලැස්ස නාට්‍යය හැටේ දශකයේදී ජනප්‍රිය විය  

ලංකා ගුවන් විදුලි සේවයේ කැපී පෙනුණු නිවේදක නිවේදිකාවන් සහ වෙනත් දැවැන්තයින් අතර ඩී. එම්. කොළඹගේ, ප්‍රභා රණතුංග, තේවිස් ගුරුගේ, ලිවී විජේමාන්න, ජිමී බරුචා, කරුණාරත්න අබේසේකෙර, ලලිත් එස් මෛත්රිපාල, එච්. එම්.ගුණසේකර, විජය කොරෙයා, පාලිත පෙරේරා,ප්‍රියා සමරවීර, සුමනා නෙල්ලම්පිටිය, මර්වින් ජයසුරිය, ආරියදාස පීරිස්, සිරිල් රාජපක්ෂ, ආරියසේන මිල්ලවිතානච්චි, ප්රොස්ප්ර් ප්‍රනාන්දු, සුධර්මන් ද සිල්වා, නන්දා ජයමාන්න අමරබන්ධු  රූපසිංහ බර්ටි ගලහිටියාව හඩ්සන් සමරසිංහ, ප්‍රේමකීර්ති ද අල්විස්, ඇල්ෆ්‍රඩ් පෙරේරා. එච් ඩී. විජේදාස, තිස්ස ජයවර්ධන, චන්ද්‍රා වයිමන්, කුසුම් පීරිස් යනාදීහුද වෙති.  

Sri Lankan News

Two Sri Lankan television channels “Hiru” and ” Adaderana” carried an exaggerated news report quoting a video clip published by Tamil Guardian on the Election day (12 November 2019) as if Boris Johnson was thanking Tamil community for his landslide victory.

See the published date of the video clip https://youtu.be/fv2GcKi39g4

In this video clip the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Boris Johnson appealed to the British Tamils by thanking the Tamil community for their contribution to the United Kingdom.

Apparently this particular video was not released by the campaign group at the Conservative Party’s headquarters headed by Isaac Levido, the 36-year-old Lynton Crosby protégé who masterminded Scott Morrison’s victory in Australia this year.

The 36-year-old Australian was brought in by Boris Johnson to run Conservative Campaign Headquarters (CCHQ) just ten days after he became prime minister. He won the position after masterminding what became known as the Miracle from Down Under” this year in Australia, when Scott Morrison became prime minister against the odds.

In the video Boris Johnson mentioned of their success in areas such as the National Health Service (NHS) and entrepreneurship. Moreover, he lauded their emphasis on education.

Johnson remarked, Vanakkam. I want to thank the Tamil community for everything they do for our country. And I think the values of the Tamil community and the contribution they make to the NHS, to the entrepreneurship in the country, the value they attach to education, educational achievement makes a fantastic difference.

That’s why we need to get Brexit done”

Thereafter, Johnson explained how Brexit could benefit members of the Tamil community. 

He opined that the points-based Australian system would be introduced in a post-Brexit scenario whereby people from across the world would be treated equally for immigration to the UK. 

Furthermore, the British PM exuded confidence that there would be reconciliation and accountability in Sri Lanka indirectly hinting at the alleged human rights violations on the Tamilians in Sri Lanka during the war with terror outfit LTTE.  

The UK PM remarked, And that’s why we need to get Brexit done. Because when we get Brexit done, we can continue to support entrepreneurship, we can support our NHS, increase our investments in our NHS. And, of course, then, once we get our Brexit done, we can be fair in our immigration policy and put in the points-based Australian system that will treat everybody around the world equally for the purposes of coming to the UK. 

So, thanks to the Tamil community and just want to say very much that I hope there will be reconciliation in Sri Lanka, accountability for what has gone before us, what’s happened in the past and long-term peace in Sri Lanka. 

Nanri.”

Extract from Times (UK)  Report

Inside the Conservative Party’s headquarters, the chants began shortly after the exit poll was announced.

With the Tories heading for a landslide, the assembled staffers erupted in a chorus of oh, Isaac Levido” in tribute to the softly spoken Australian who had led them to victory.

Nobody in the CCHQ sweepstake had predicted that the Tories were on course for a majority of nearly 80.

The Tories’ slogan get Brexit done”, combined with their relentless determination to stay on message, had paid dividends.

Mr Johnson and his team settled on the slogan shortly before the party conference in September. In focus groups they found it appealed to both Brexiteers and those who were wanting to move on.

The Tories presented voters with a choice between getting Brexit done and more dither and delay. By contrast Labour presented voters with a variety of messages and policies designed to appeal to different groups.

When someone walks into a polling booth they’re answering a question,” Mr Levido said. The successful campaign frames the questions that voters are asking. What was the question that Labour was asking?”

From the off, the team had united behind Mr Levido. Dominic Cummings, Boris Johnson’s most senior adviser, deferred to him along with the rest of the Downing Street team. Lee [Cain, the Tories’ director of communications] and Isaac hadn’t even spoken to each other before the summer,” said one adviser. But it wasn’t an issue. The line of authority was crystal clear, and it stopped with Isaac.”

The campaign had barely begun when the Tories had to show a ruthlessness that is fast becoming one of the cornerstones of Mr Johnson’s leadership. Alun Cairns, the Welsh secretary, was sacked hours after it emerged that a former aide had been accused of sabotaging a rape trial.

Jacob Rees-Mogg, the leader of the Commons, was barred from doing interviews after appearing to suggest that the victims of the Grenfell fire should have used their common sense” and fled the building.

The Tories also knew there was a path to victory. Theresa May had first identified the Red Wall” of seats stretching across north Wales, the northwest, the Midlands and the northeast — seats that had historically voted Labour but backed Leave in the EU referendum.

They were effectively finishing the job Mrs May had started with a more charismatic candidate. They were also determined to avoid the pitfalls of 2017.

Their response to Labour’s policy announcements and a glut of retail offers such as free broadband typified the approach. Instead of engaging with the policies themselves, the Tories focused on the cost of Corbyn” and the catastrophic” risk they posed to the economy.

A lot of MPs are former barristers and think it’s all about winning the argument,” a campaign source said. It’s not. It’s about getting your message across as many times as possible.”

The Conservative Party’s manifesto was a deliberately slimmed-down affair. Sajid Javid, the chancellor, argued for tight fiscal rules and the publication of full costings.

Amid reports of tensions between the Treasury and Downing Street, Mr Javid and Mr Johnson met two days before the campaign began and signed off the approach. Mr Levido is said to have supported Mr Javid in his push for fiscal rules.

Contentious policies were ditched. An early draft of the manifesto included a commitment to a national care system, broadly similar to Labour’s plans for a national care service. In the end it was replaced with a broad commitment to cross-party talks.